Spain - Huelva - Cortegana - Dehesa - Black iberian pig
España - Huelva - Cortegana - Dehesa - Cerdo Ibérico
ENGLISH
The Iberian pig is a traditional breed of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) that is native to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian pig, whose origins can probably be traced back to the Neolithic, when animal domestication started, is currently found in herds clustered in the central and southern part of Portugal and Spain.
The most commonly accepted theory is that the first pigs were brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians from the Eastern Mediterranean coast (current day Lebanon), where they interbred with wild boars. This cross gave rise to the ancestors of what are today Iberian pigs. The production of Iberian pig is deeply rooted to the Mediterranean ecosystem. It is a rare example in the world swine production where the pig contributes so decisively to the preservation of the ecosystem. The Iberian breed is currently one of the few examples of a domesticated breed which has adapted to a pastoral setting where the land is particularly rich in natural resources, in this case acorns from the holm oak, gall oak and cork oak.
The numbers of the Iberian breed have been drastically reduced since 1960 due to several factors such as the outbreak of African swine fever and the lowered value of animal fats. In the past few years, however, the production of pigs of the Iberian type has increased to satisfy a renewed demand for top quality meat and cured products. At the same time, breed specialisation has led to the disappearance of some ancestral varieties.
This traditional breed exhibits a good appetite and propensity to obesity, including a great capacity to accumulate intramuscular and epidermal fat. The high intramuscular fat is what produces the typical marbling; this, together with traditional feeding based on acorns, is what makes its ham taste so special. The production of meat products from Iberian pigs is quite distinct from other meat products obtained from selected pigs raised under intensive conditions on industrial farms, and it is a good example of high quality and highly prized meat product. Iberian pigs are interesting from a human biomedical perspective because they present high feed intake and propension to obesity, compatible with high values of serum leptin.
The Iberian pig can be either red or dark in colour, if black ranging from dark to grey, with little or no hair and a lean body, thus giving rise to the familiar name pata negra, or "black hoof". In traditional management, animals ranged freely in sparse oak forest ('dehesa'), they are constantly moving around and therefore burn more calories than confined pigs. This, in turn, produces the fine bones typical of this kind of jamón ibérico. At least a hectare of healthy dehesa is needed to raise a single pig, and since the trees may be several hundred years old, the prospects for reforesting lost oak forest (dehesa) are slim at best. True dehesa is a richly diverse habitat with four different types of oak that are crucial in the production of prime-quality ham. The bulk of the acorn harvest comes from the holm oak (from November to February), but the season would be too short without the earlier harvests of Spanish oak and gall oak and the late cork oak season, which, between them, stretch the acorn-production period from September almost to April.
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ESPAÑOL
El cerdo ibérico son las razas y variedades porcinas pertenecientes al llamado "tronco ibérico", predominante en la península Ibérica. Hay variedades negras y coloradas, así como lampiñas o con pelo. Son animales muy apreciados en el sector alimentario para la producción de jamón ibérico y todo tipo de embutidos. Más recientemente, y debido a la demanda de los últimos años, se ha comenzado a comercializar también la carne de cerdo Ibérico fresca (p.e. el secreto Ibérico).
A partir de las agrupaciones y los apareamientos que fueron sucediéndose, bien por necesidades del hombre o bien por la propia naturaleza del cerdo, las razas ibéricas propiamente dichas se extendieron por el litoral mediterráneo y las costas africanas, asentándose en el sur peninsular, en especial en el suroeste, y ocupando aquellas zonas en las que predominan las dehesas (con sus milenarias encinas, los alcornocales, robledales y también castaños y algarrobos), que tan caras y apreciadas son en la actualidad para el cerdo ibérico, sus criadores, sus cuidadores, industriales y, cómo no, el consumidor de sus productos elaborado. Estas zonas del suroeste peninsular son las comarcas de Andalucía occidental, Extremadura y Salamanca, en España, y el Algarve y Alentejo en Portugal.
Características comunes siempre que hablemos de animales puros: Se trata de cerdos rústicos, alimentados desde el destete hasta el comienzo de la ceba (unos 110 kg) con piensos compuestos y terminados de engordar (hasta los 160 kg que se sacrifican) en el periodo de montanera (de octubre a enero) con bellotas. Tienen una elevada capacidad para aprovechar los recursos de la dehesa (régimen extensivo). No suelen ser muy prolíficas las hembras en el parto (una media de 4 a 6 lechones por camada). Escaso nivel de ganancia media diaria y elevada capacidad de engrasamiento debido a su precocidad. Elevada rusticidad y excelentes andarines. Están magníficamente adaptados al especial ecosistema de la dehesa. El cerdo ibérico se caracteriza por sus capas coloreadas, su hocico alargado, sus orejas en visera y sus altas extremidades, que le posibilitan el pastoreo y lo cualifican como un excelente andarín.
Spain - Huelva - Cortegana - Dehesa - Black iberian pig
España - Huelva - Cortegana - Dehesa - Cerdo Ibérico
ENGLISH
The Iberian pig is a traditional breed of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) that is native to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian pig, whose origins can probably be traced back to the Neolithic, when animal domestication started, is currently found in herds clustered in the central and southern part of Portugal and Spain.
The most commonly accepted theory is that the first pigs were brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians from the Eastern Mediterranean coast (current day Lebanon), where they interbred with wild boars. This cross gave rise to the ancestors of what are today Iberian pigs. The production of Iberian pig is deeply rooted to the Mediterranean ecosystem. It is a rare example in the world swine production where the pig contributes so decisively to the preservation of the ecosystem. The Iberian breed is currently one of the few examples of a domesticated breed which has adapted to a pastoral setting where the land is particularly rich in natural resources, in this case acorns from the holm oak, gall oak and cork oak.
The numbers of the Iberian breed have been drastically reduced since 1960 due to several factors such as the outbreak of African swine fever and the lowered value of animal fats. In the past few years, however, the production of pigs of the Iberian type has increased to satisfy a renewed demand for top quality meat and cured products. At the same time, breed specialisation has led to the disappearance of some ancestral varieties.
This traditional breed exhibits a good appetite and propensity to obesity, including a great capacity to accumulate intramuscular and epidermal fat. The high intramuscular fat is what produces the typical marbling; this, together with traditional feeding based on acorns, is what makes its ham taste so special. The production of meat products from Iberian pigs is quite distinct from other meat products obtained from selected pigs raised under intensive conditions on industrial farms, and it is a good example of high quality and highly prized meat product. Iberian pigs are interesting from a human biomedical perspective because they present high feed intake and propension to obesity, compatible with high values of serum leptin.
The Iberian pig can be either red or dark in colour, if black ranging from dark to grey, with little or no hair and a lean body, thus giving rise to the familiar name pata negra, or "black hoof". In traditional management, animals ranged freely in sparse oak forest ('dehesa'), they are constantly moving around and therefore burn more calories than confined pigs. This, in turn, produces the fine bones typical of this kind of jamón ibérico. At least a hectare of healthy dehesa is needed to raise a single pig, and since the trees may be several hundred years old, the prospects for reforesting lost oak forest (dehesa) are slim at best. True dehesa is a richly diverse habitat with four different types of oak that are crucial in the production of prime-quality ham. The bulk of the acorn harvest comes from the holm oak (from November to February), but the season would be too short without the earlier harvests of Spanish oak and gall oak and the late cork oak season, which, between them, stretch the acorn-production period from September almost to April.
**************************************************************************
ESPAÑOL
El cerdo ibérico son las razas y variedades porcinas pertenecientes al llamado "tronco ibérico", predominante en la península Ibérica. Hay variedades negras y coloradas, así como lampiñas o con pelo. Son animales muy apreciados en el sector alimentario para la producción de jamón ibérico y todo tipo de embutidos. Más recientemente, y debido a la demanda de los últimos años, se ha comenzado a comercializar también la carne de cerdo Ibérico fresca (p.e. el secreto Ibérico).
A partir de las agrupaciones y los apareamientos que fueron sucediéndose, bien por necesidades del hombre o bien por la propia naturaleza del cerdo, las razas ibéricas propiamente dichas se extendieron por el litoral mediterráneo y las costas africanas, asentándose en el sur peninsular, en especial en el suroeste, y ocupando aquellas zonas en las que predominan las dehesas (con sus milenarias encinas, los alcornocales, robledales y también castaños y algarrobos), que tan caras y apreciadas son en la actualidad para el cerdo ibérico, sus criadores, sus cuidadores, industriales y, cómo no, el consumidor de sus productos elaborado. Estas zonas del suroeste peninsular son las comarcas de Andalucía occidental, Extremadura y Salamanca, en España, y el Algarve y Alentejo en Portugal.
Características comunes siempre que hablemos de animales puros: Se trata de cerdos rústicos, alimentados desde el destete hasta el comienzo de la ceba (unos 110 kg) con piensos compuestos y terminados de engordar (hasta los 160 kg que se sacrifican) en el periodo de montanera (de octubre a enero) con bellotas. Tienen una elevada capacidad para aprovechar los recursos de la dehesa (régimen extensivo). No suelen ser muy prolíficas las hembras en el parto (una media de 4 a 6 lechones por camada). Escaso nivel de ganancia media diaria y elevada capacidad de engrasamiento debido a su precocidad. Elevada rusticidad y excelentes andarines. Están magníficamente adaptados al especial ecosistema de la dehesa. El cerdo ibérico se caracteriza por sus capas coloreadas, su hocico alargado, sus orejas en visera y sus altas extremidades, que le posibilitan el pastoreo y lo cualifican como un excelente andarín.