Toecane soil series
The Toecane series consists of very deep, well drained soils with moderately rapid permeability. They formed in colluvium derived from materials weathered primarily from felsic high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks such as metagraywacke, gneiss, schist, and granite. They are along drainageways, on benches and fans, and in coves in the Blue Ridge (MLRA 130). Slope ranges from 2 to 95 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 59 inches and mean annual temperature is about 51 degrees F. near the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Humic Hapludults
Solum thickness ranges from 30 to more than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Content of mica flakes is few or common in the upper 40 inches of the profile and few to many below 40 inches. Rock fragments range from 15 to 60 percent in the A and B horizons, and from 15 to 80 percent in the C horizon. Average content of rock fragments is 35 to 80 percent by volume in the particle-size control section. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid, except where surface layers have been limed.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Toecane soils are used for woodland. Native species include yellow-poplar, eastern hemlock, yellow birch, sweet birch, northern red oak, black cherry, red maple, Fraser magnolia and cucumbertree. At elevations above 4,000 feet yellow birch replaces yellow-poplar as a common tree. Common understory plants include rhododendron, striped maple, serviceberry, Carolina silverbell, trillium, hay scented fern, Solomon's seal, yellow mandarin, woodfern, and New York fern. Some of the less stony or bouldery areas are used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Blue Ridge (MLRA 130) of North Carolina and possibly Tennessee and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
Toecane soils are associated with residual soils that are on relatively stable landscapes. These soils were formerly included with the Cullasaja or Greenlee series. Cullasaja soils have an umbric epipedon and Greenlee have an ochric epipedon and lack the umbric intergrade property. Particle-size analysis of the fine-earth fraction of three pedons of Toecane indicate the clay content of the Bt horizons commonly range from about 15 to 25 percent. Most pedons have clay content that doubles from the eluvial horizon (AE) to the illuvial horizon (Bt). Weighted average clay content from a depth of 10 to 40 inches ranges from about 12 to 18 percent.
For a detailed description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/T/TOECANE.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Toecane soil series
The Toecane series consists of very deep, well drained soils with moderately rapid permeability. They formed in colluvium derived from materials weathered primarily from felsic high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks such as metagraywacke, gneiss, schist, and granite. They are along drainageways, on benches and fans, and in coves in the Blue Ridge (MLRA 130). Slope ranges from 2 to 95 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 59 inches and mean annual temperature is about 51 degrees F. near the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Humic Hapludults
Solum thickness ranges from 30 to more than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Content of mica flakes is few or common in the upper 40 inches of the profile and few to many below 40 inches. Rock fragments range from 15 to 60 percent in the A and B horizons, and from 15 to 80 percent in the C horizon. Average content of rock fragments is 35 to 80 percent by volume in the particle-size control section. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid, except where surface layers have been limed.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Toecane soils are used for woodland. Native species include yellow-poplar, eastern hemlock, yellow birch, sweet birch, northern red oak, black cherry, red maple, Fraser magnolia and cucumbertree. At elevations above 4,000 feet yellow birch replaces yellow-poplar as a common tree. Common understory plants include rhododendron, striped maple, serviceberry, Carolina silverbell, trillium, hay scented fern, Solomon's seal, yellow mandarin, woodfern, and New York fern. Some of the less stony or bouldery areas are used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Blue Ridge (MLRA 130) of North Carolina and possibly Tennessee and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
Toecane soils are associated with residual soils that are on relatively stable landscapes. These soils were formerly included with the Cullasaja or Greenlee series. Cullasaja soils have an umbric epipedon and Greenlee have an ochric epipedon and lack the umbric intergrade property. Particle-size analysis of the fine-earth fraction of three pedons of Toecane indicate the clay content of the Bt horizons commonly range from about 15 to 25 percent. Most pedons have clay content that doubles from the eluvial horizon (AE) to the illuvial horizon (Bt). Weighted average clay content from a depth of 10 to 40 inches ranges from about 12 to 18 percent.
For a detailed description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/T/TOECANE.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit: