Horizon: Shallow residual soil over weathered granite bedrock
This pedon was marginal to a shallow Typic vs. Lithic Udipsamments. The rock below the soil/bedrock contact ranged from weakly cemented to very strongly cemented with high or very high excavation difficulty. This range straddles the lithic and shallow paralithic concepts.
For lithic contact, the underlying material must be sufficiently coherent when moist to make hand-digging with a spade impractical, although the material may be chipped or scraped with a spade.
Wake series consists of excessively drained, shallow, sandy soils on uplands of the Southern Piedmont. They formed in residuum weathered from igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Near the type location, the mean annual rainfall is about 48 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 61 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, thermic Lithic Udipsamments
For more information about describing and sampling soils, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field...
or Chapter 3 of the Soil Survey manual:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/The-Soil-Su...
For additional information on "How to Use the Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils" (video reference), visit:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_hQaXV7MpM
For additional information about soil classification using USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/keys-...
or;
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/soil-...
Horizon: Shallow residual soil over weathered granite bedrock
This pedon was marginal to a shallow Typic vs. Lithic Udipsamments. The rock below the soil/bedrock contact ranged from weakly cemented to very strongly cemented with high or very high excavation difficulty. This range straddles the lithic and shallow paralithic concepts.
For lithic contact, the underlying material must be sufficiently coherent when moist to make hand-digging with a spade impractical, although the material may be chipped or scraped with a spade.
Wake series consists of excessively drained, shallow, sandy soils on uplands of the Southern Piedmont. They formed in residuum weathered from igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Near the type location, the mean annual rainfall is about 48 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 61 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, thermic Lithic Udipsamments
For more information about describing and sampling soils, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/field...
or Chapter 3 of the Soil Survey manual:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/The-Soil-Su...
For additional information on "How to Use the Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils" (video reference), visit:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_hQaXV7MpM
For additional information about soil classification using USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/keys-...
or;
www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/soil-...