frankartculinary
Phot.Beijing.Olympic.Birds.Nest.Structure.01.110815.0268.259.jpg
China, Beijing, the Beijing National Stadium, universally referred to as the "Bird's Nest"
On March 15. 2008, ...only 5 month & 23 days previous
…………………………………………………………......................................
to the electrifying opening event on August 08. 2008
………………………………………………………………….……..…………..…
of the 2008 Olympic Summer Games.
……………………………………………………………..
The whole construction of the 330 mtr long, 220 mtr wide & 69.2 mtr tall stadion, with a seating capacity during the games for 91.000 spectators, reduced after the games for following sportive & other events to 80.000 seats stretched over 5 years, construction of the stadium's bird´s nest steel outer shell began in 2005. One of the local government requirements was, that the stadium structure design be able to withstand an 8.0 magnitude earthquake.
The architects & engineers had to keep in mind the effects of thermal expansion that is the tendency for steel to expand & contract as the temperature changes. In Beijing temperature can range from far over +30°C in the summer to -20°C in the winter. The design team worked with Chinese steel producers Baosteel & Wuhan Iron & Steel to develop new steel grades that would meet the strength & flexibility necessities for the 42,000 tons of steel required to build the structure.
The total weight of construction materials, including concrete seating bowl, is over 110,000 tons
Three months of research led to the production of a new steel with low phosphor & low sulfur content, they termed as Q35. Q35 is a high-hardness steel able to bear stress up to 35 x 106 Pascals. This would be critical in the construction of the 24 trussed columns, each of which was 300 meters in length & expected to help bare a load of 11,200 tons. Wuhan Iron & Steel group designed the second grade of steel that would make up the remaining portion of the stadium's shell, referred to as Q460.
The steel sections had to be curved, lifted, placed & connected properly to each other. Making curving beams also required high professional skils. To bear the loads & create the right aesthetics, engineers came up with the box design. Four steel plates were welded together & bent into the required shape to form a twisted bar section.
On site the workers welded the beams together to form even larger sections, forming a truss, some of the steel timbering formed were up to 12mtr in length. Each weighed up to 350 tons & were hoisted by 800 ton cranes to the top of the roof. Positioning these heavy structures also required great skill because the pattern was random & was just as to fit pieces of jigsaw puzzle together. It was difficult to fit all the parts without any error because in positioning one end the other would go out. This took 2-3 days to weld the joints & secure them in place. As the strength of the structure also depended now on welds, so for welding of the special steel, over 1000 skilled workers were trained.
The new, high strength steels presented his own problems during construction, as higher than normal welding temperatures were required, often in very precarious & high locations. Welding could only be conducted at temperatures of +15°C - +16°C, which meant that workers had to weld during evening hours. In August of 2006, over 400 welders worked in changing sgifts for three straight nights to weld the 320 km of welding joins required to assemble the stadiums iconic, latticed steel frame.
In April 2003, the Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron planed & built the stadium based on the original design of the international respected & controversial Chinese artist Ai Weiwei.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
14 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments
Phot.Beijing.Olympic.Birds.Nest.Structure.01.110815.0268.259.jpg
China, Beijing, the Beijing National Stadium, universally referred to as the "Bird's Nest"
On March 15. 2008, ...only 5 month & 23 days previous
…………………………………………………………......................................
to the electrifying opening event on August 08. 2008
………………………………………………………………….……..…………..…
of the 2008 Olympic Summer Games.
……………………………………………………………..
The whole construction of the 330 mtr long, 220 mtr wide & 69.2 mtr tall stadion, with a seating capacity during the games for 91.000 spectators, reduced after the games for following sportive & other events to 80.000 seats stretched over 5 years, construction of the stadium's bird´s nest steel outer shell began in 2005. One of the local government requirements was, that the stadium structure design be able to withstand an 8.0 magnitude earthquake.
The architects & engineers had to keep in mind the effects of thermal expansion that is the tendency for steel to expand & contract as the temperature changes. In Beijing temperature can range from far over +30°C in the summer to -20°C in the winter. The design team worked with Chinese steel producers Baosteel & Wuhan Iron & Steel to develop new steel grades that would meet the strength & flexibility necessities for the 42,000 tons of steel required to build the structure.
The total weight of construction materials, including concrete seating bowl, is over 110,000 tons
Three months of research led to the production of a new steel with low phosphor & low sulfur content, they termed as Q35. Q35 is a high-hardness steel able to bear stress up to 35 x 106 Pascals. This would be critical in the construction of the 24 trussed columns, each of which was 300 meters in length & expected to help bare a load of 11,200 tons. Wuhan Iron & Steel group designed the second grade of steel that would make up the remaining portion of the stadium's shell, referred to as Q460.
The steel sections had to be curved, lifted, placed & connected properly to each other. Making curving beams also required high professional skils. To bear the loads & create the right aesthetics, engineers came up with the box design. Four steel plates were welded together & bent into the required shape to form a twisted bar section.
On site the workers welded the beams together to form even larger sections, forming a truss, some of the steel timbering formed were up to 12mtr in length. Each weighed up to 350 tons & were hoisted by 800 ton cranes to the top of the roof. Positioning these heavy structures also required great skill because the pattern was random & was just as to fit pieces of jigsaw puzzle together. It was difficult to fit all the parts without any error because in positioning one end the other would go out. This took 2-3 days to weld the joints & secure them in place. As the strength of the structure also depended now on welds, so for welding of the special steel, over 1000 skilled workers were trained.
The new, high strength steels presented his own problems during construction, as higher than normal welding temperatures were required, often in very precarious & high locations. Welding could only be conducted at temperatures of +15°C - +16°C, which meant that workers had to weld during evening hours. In August of 2006, over 400 welders worked in changing sgifts for three straight nights to weld the 320 km of welding joins required to assemble the stadiums iconic, latticed steel frame.
In April 2003, the Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron planed & built the stadium based on the original design of the international respected & controversial Chinese artist Ai Weiwei.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
14 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments