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Germany, Heligoland, “The Red Rock”, a small German sedimentary rock archipelago in the North Sea.

Formerly in Danish & British possessions, Britain gave up the islands to Germany in 1890 in the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty. The islands, approximately population 1,650, are located in the Helgoland Bight, part of the German Bight, in the south-eastern corner of the North Sea. Heligoland is the only German offshore island 70 km away from the mainland, approximately two hours' sailing time from Cuxhaven at the mouth of the River Elbe, three hours from Hamburg with a high-speed catamaran ferry.

Helgoland consists of two islands, the populated triangular one square km big main island to the west & the “Düne”, the dune to the east. Until 1720 the two islands were connected, when the natural connection was destroyed by storm tidal waves.

The main island is commonly divided into the “Unterland", the lower land at sea level & the “Oberland " the upper land consisting of the plateau 40-60 m high over sea level & the “Mittelland” middle land between them on one side of the island.

Northwest of the island Heligoland's famous landmark is found, the “Lange Anna”, "Tall Anna", which is a free standing rock column, 47 mtr high & weighing about 25.000 tons.

The concrete wall on the north-western side serves to protect the island from thundery sea & destruction.

 

The abandoned Heligoland islands were used from 1945 to 1952 as a bombing range. April 1947, the Royal Navy detonated 6,700 tonnes of explosives, "British Bang", one of the biggest single non-nuclear detonations in world history. While targeting at the fortifications outside & the inside of the rock, which is perforated with tunnels etc. like a Swiss cheese & still today can be visited.

While using the island as a bombing range, the British Government & the Royal Navy accepted the total destruction of the island. The blow shook the main island several miles down to its base, changing its shape resulting in creating the “Mittelland”.

December 1950, two students & a professor from Heidelberg, occupied the island & raised various German, European & local flags on the island. The British military arrested the “intruders” & brought them back to the mainland. Because of this event, a movement started to restore the islands to Germany with support by the German parliament. In March 1952, Heligoland returned to Germany & the former inhabitants where allowed the homecoming & rebuild their houses & infrastructure.

Besides ambulance, police, firefighters & a few golf car like vehicles are no vehicles, bikes etc. on Heligoland permitted.

There is a special section § in the German traffic regulations prohibiting the use of automobiles & even bicycles on the island.

 

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Uploaded on August 17, 2017
Taken on June 30, 2009