XE3F8766 - Aleksander Borodin (Александр Бородин), Tikhvin Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)
Aleksander Porfírievich Borodín (en ruso, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин; San Petersburgo, Imperio ruso, 12 de noviembre de 1833 – ibídem, 27 de febrero de 1887) fue un compositor, doctor y químico, destacado dentro de los compositores del nacionalismo ruso, también conocido por formar parte del Grupo de los cinco.
Borodín es conocido por sus sinfonías, sus dos cuartetos de cuerda, En las estepas de Asia Central y su ópera El príncipe Ígor. Fue un prominente defensor de los derechos de las mujeres, de la educación en Rusia y fundó la Escuela de medicina para mujeres en San Petersburgo.
Fue hijo ilegítimo del príncipe georgiano Luká Stepánovitch Gedevanishvili (62), quien lo registró conforme a la usanza de la época como hijo de uno de sus sirvientes, Porfiri Borodín. Su madre fue Evdokia (Eudoxie) Constantínovna Antónova (25), apodada por el diminutivo Dunia. Su padre muere cuando Alexander tenía 7 años y lo incluye en su testamento. Alexander fue un autodidacta, aprende a tocar flauta, violonchelo y piano. Tuvo una vida confortable y recibió una buena educación incluyendo clases de piano, francés y alemán. A los 15 años se inscribe en la Facultad de Medicina, a los 21 es contratado en el Hospital de la Armada Territorial y a los 23 como profesor de la Academia Militar de Química. Sin embargo, su área de especialización fue la química, por lo cual no recibió clases formales de composición hasta 1863, cuando se convirtió en discípulo de Mili Balákirev. Tuvo dos hermanos, Dmitri Serguéievich Aleksándrov y Evgueni Fiódorovich Fiódorov, que fueron registrados como hijos de los sirvientes del príncipe. Se casa en 1861 con una famosa y talentosa pianista nacida en Heidelberg, Ekaterina Serguéievna Protopópova, con quien tuvo tres hijos.
En 1869 Balákirev le dirigió su primera sinfonía y en ese mismo año Borodín comenzó la composición de su segunda sinfonía. Aunque el estreno ruso de esta última fue un fracaso, Franz Liszt logró que fuera interpretada en Alemania en 1880, donde tuvo bastante éxito, dándole fama fuera de Rusia.
También en 1869 empezó a trabajar en la composición de su ópera El príncipe Ígor, que es considerada por algunos su obra más importante. Esta ópera contiene las ampliamente conocidas Danzas polovtsianas (o Danzas de los pólovtsy), siendo éste un fragmento comúnmente interpretado por sí mismo, tanto en su versión coral como orquestal. Debido a la gran carga de trabajo como químico, la ópera quedó inconclusa al momento de su muerte, siendo completada posteriormente por Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov y Aleksandr Glazunov.
Priorizó su ópera sobre la tercera sinfonía, quedando esta inacabada. Alexander Glazunov consiguió arreglar las secciones del primer movimiento, así como recrear el scherzo a partir de uno de sus cuartetos de cuerda, cuyo scherzo iba a ser el mismo. Para el trío del scherzo, Glazunov utilizó temas que se habían desechado durante la composición de El príncipe Igor.
A pesar de ser un compositor reconocido, Borodín siempre se ganó la vida como químico, campo en el cual era bastante respetado, particularmente por su conocimiento de los aldehídos. A Borodín también se le atribuye, junto con Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, el descubrimiento de la reacción aldólica, una importante reacción en química orgánica; además de otra reacción química conocida como reacción Borodin-Hunsdiecker. En 1872, participó en la fundación de una escuela de Medicina para mujeres.
Sus obras incluyen el poema sinfónico En las estepas de Asia Central, dos cuartetos de cuerdas, donde el tercer movimiento Nocturno del segundo cuarteto goza de gran fama, un quinteto para cuerdas, un quinteto para piano y cuerdas, una sonata para violoncelo y piano, 16 canciones para bajo y piano, tres de ellas además con violoncelo, piezas para piano, así como las ya mencionadas sinfonías 1 y 2, más una tercera incompleta al momento de su muerte (con dos movimientos completados por Glazunov), el segundo movimiento de la tercera sinfonía, Borodín lo transcribió a cuarteto de cuerdas como un Scherzo.
Tras la muerte de Modest Músorgski en marzo de 1881, sufre de ataques cardiacos y cólera. Borodín murió a los 53 años de un infarto durante una fiesta organizada por los profesores de la academia en San Petersburgo, el 27 de febrero de 1887 y fue enterrado en el cementerio Tijvin del monasterio de Aleksandr Nevski. Su esposa le sobrevivió 5 meses.
En su honor, un cuarteto de cuerdas fundado en Rusia en 1945 lleva su nombre, el Cuarteto Borodín. El pintor Iliá Yefímovich Repin (1844–1930) hizo un magnífico retrato de Borodín, que se encuentra en el Museo Estatal Ruso de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Borodín
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Cinco_(compositores)
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Порфи́рьевич Бороди́н) (12 November 1833 – 27 February 1887) was a Russian chemist and Romantic musical composer of Georgian ancestry. He was one of the prominent 19th-century composers known as "The Mighty Handful", a group dedicated to producing a uniquely Russian kind of classical music, rather than imitating earlier Western European models. Borodin is known best for his symphonies, his two string quartets, the symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia and his opera Prince Igor. Music from Prince Igor and his string quartets was later adapted for the US musical Kismet.
A doctor and chemist by profession, Borodin made important early contributions to organic chemistry. Although he is presently known better as a composer, during his lifetime, he regarded medicine and science as his primary occupations, only practising music and composition in his spare time or when he was ill. As a chemist, Borodin is known best for his work concerning organic synthesis, including being among the first chemists to demonstrate nucleophilic substitution, as well as being the co-discoverer of the aldol reaction. Borodin was a promoter of education in Russia and founded the School of Medicine for Women in Saint Petersburg, where he taught until 1885.
Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a married 25-year-old Russian woman, Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova. Due to the circumstances of Alexander's birth, the nobleman had him registered as the son of one of his Russian serfs, Porfiry Borodin, hence the composer's Russian last name. As a result of this registration, both Alexander and his nominal Russian father Porfiry were officially serfs of Alexander's biological father Luka. The Georgian father emancipated Alexander from serfdom when he was 7 years old and provided housing and money for him and his mother. Despite this, Alexander was never publicly recognized by his mother, who was referred to by young Borodin as his "aunt".
Despite his status as a commoner, Borodin was well provided for by his Georgian father and grew up in a large four-storey house, which was gifted to Alexander and his "aunt" by the nobleman. Although his registration prevented enrollment in a proper gymnasium, Borodin received good education in all of the subjects through private tutors at home. During 1850 he enrolled in the Medical–Surgical Academy in Saint Petersburg, which was later the workplace of Ivan Pavlov, and pursued a career in chemistry. On graduation he spent a year as surgeon in a military hospital, followed by three years of advanced scientific study in western Europe.
During 1862 Borodin returned to Saint Petersburg to begin a professorship of chemistry at the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy and spent the remainder of his scientific career in research, lecturing and overseeing the education of others. Eventually, he established medical courses for women (1872).
He began taking lessons in composition from Mily Balakirev during 1862. He married Ekaterina Protopopova, a pianist, during 1863, and had at least one daughter, named Gania. Music remained a secondary vocation for Borodin besides his main career as a chemist and physician. He suffered poor health, having overcome cholera and several minor heart failures. He died suddenly during a ball at the Academy, and was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg.
In his profession Borodin gained great respect, being particularly noted for his work on aldehydes. Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin had a postdoctoral position in Heidelberg. He worked in the laboratory of Emil Erlenmeyer working on benzene derivatives. He also spent time in Pisa, working on halocarbons. One experiment published during 1862 described the first nucleophilic displacement of chlorine by fluorine in benzoyl chloride. The radical halodecarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids was first demonstrated by Borodin during 1861 by his synthesis of methyl bromide from silver acetate. It was Heinz Hunsdiecker and his wife Cläre, however, who developed Borodin's work into a general method, for which they were granted a US patent during 1939, and which they published in the journal Chemische Berichte during 1942. The method is generally known as either the Hunsdiecker reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction.
During 1862, Borodin returned to the Medical–Surgical Academy (now known as the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy), and accepted a professorship of chemistry. He worked on self-condensation of small aldehydes in a process now known as the aldol reaction, the discovery of which is jointly credited to Borodin and Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. Borodin investigated the condensation of valerian aldehyde and oenanth aldehyde, which was reported by von Richter during 1869. During 1873, he described his work to the Russian Chemical Society and noted similarities with compounds recently reported by Wurtz.
He published his last full article during 1875 on reactions of amides and his last publication concerned a method for the identification of urea in animal urine.
His successor as chemistry professor of the Medical-Surgical academy was his son-in-law and fellow chemist, Alexander Dianin.
Borodin met Mily Balakirev during 1862. While under Balakirev's tutelage in composition he began his Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major; it was first performed during 1869, with Balakirev conducting. During that same year Borodin started on his Symphony No. 2 in B minor, which was not particularly successful at its premiere during 1877 under Eduard Nápravník, but with some minor re-orchestration received a successful performance during 1879 by the Free Music School by Rimsky-Korsakov's direction. During 1880 he composed the popular symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia. Two years later he began composing a third symphony, but left it unfinished at his death; two movements of it were later completed and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.
During 1868 Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second symphony by preoccupation with the opera Prince Igor, which is considered by some to be his most significant work and one of the most important historical Russian operas. It contains the Polovtsian Dances, often performed as a stand-alone concert work forming what is probably Borodin's best-known composition. Borodin left the opera (and a few other works) incomplete at his death.
Prince Igor was completed posthumously by Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov. It is set in the 12th century, when the Russians, commanded by Prince Igor of Seversk, determined to conquer the barbarous Polovtsians by travelling eastward across the Steppes. The Polovtsians were apparently a nomadic tribe originally of Turkish origin who habitually attacked southern Russia. A full solar eclipse early during the first act foreshadows an ominous outcome to the invasion. Prince Igor's troops are defeated. The story tells of the capture of Prince Igor, and his son, Vladimir, of Russia by Polovtsian chief Khan Konchak, who entertains his prisoners lavishly and orders his slaves to perform the famous 'Polovtsian Dances', which provide a thrilling climax to the second act. The second half of the opera finds Prince Igor returning to his homeland, but rather than finding himself in disgrace, he is welcomed home by the townspeople and by his wife, Yaroslavna. Although for a while rarely performed in its entirety outside of Russia, this opera has received two notable new productions recently, one at the Bolshoi State Opera and Ballet Company in Russia during 2013, and one at the Metropolitan Opera Company of New York City during 2014.
No other member of the Balakirev circle identified himself so much with absolute music as did Borodin in his two string quartets, and in his many earlier chamber compositions. Himself a cellist, he was an enthusiastic chamber music player, an interest that increased during his chemical studies in Heidelberg between 1859 and 1861. This early period yielded, among other chamber works, a string sextet and a piano quintet. In thematic structure and instrumental texture he based his pieces on those of Felix Mendelssohn.
During 1875 Borodin started his First String Quartet, much to the displeasure of Mussorgsky and Vladimir Stasov. That Borodin did so in the company of The Five, who were hostile to chamber music, demonstrates his independence. From the First Quartet onward, he displayed mastery of the form. His Second Quartet, in which his strong lyricism is represented in the popular "Nocturne", followed during 1881. The First Quartet is richer in changes of mood. The Second Quartet has a more uniform atmosphere and expression.
Borodin's fame outside the Russian Empire was made possible during his lifetime by Franz Liszt, who arranged a performance of the Symphony No. 1 in Germany during 1880, and by the Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau in Belgium and France. His music is noted for its strong lyricism and rich harmonies. Along with some influences from Western composers, as a member of The Five his music has also a Russian style. His passionate music and unusual harmonies proved to have a lasting influence on the younger French composers Debussy and Ravel (in homage, the latter composed during 1913 a piano piece entitled "À la manière de Borodine").
The evocative characteristics of Borodin's music made possible the adaptation of his compositions in the 1953 musical Kismet, by Robert Wright and George Forrest, notably in the songs "Stranger in Paradise" and "And This Is My Beloved". In 1954, Borodin was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Borodin
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alexander_B...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_(composers)
XE3F8766 - Aleksander Borodin (Александр Бородин), Tikhvin Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)
Aleksander Porfírievich Borodín (en ruso, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин; San Petersburgo, Imperio ruso, 12 de noviembre de 1833 – ibídem, 27 de febrero de 1887) fue un compositor, doctor y químico, destacado dentro de los compositores del nacionalismo ruso, también conocido por formar parte del Grupo de los cinco.
Borodín es conocido por sus sinfonías, sus dos cuartetos de cuerda, En las estepas de Asia Central y su ópera El príncipe Ígor. Fue un prominente defensor de los derechos de las mujeres, de la educación en Rusia y fundó la Escuela de medicina para mujeres en San Petersburgo.
Fue hijo ilegítimo del príncipe georgiano Luká Stepánovitch Gedevanishvili (62), quien lo registró conforme a la usanza de la época como hijo de uno de sus sirvientes, Porfiri Borodín. Su madre fue Evdokia (Eudoxie) Constantínovna Antónova (25), apodada por el diminutivo Dunia. Su padre muere cuando Alexander tenía 7 años y lo incluye en su testamento. Alexander fue un autodidacta, aprende a tocar flauta, violonchelo y piano. Tuvo una vida confortable y recibió una buena educación incluyendo clases de piano, francés y alemán. A los 15 años se inscribe en la Facultad de Medicina, a los 21 es contratado en el Hospital de la Armada Territorial y a los 23 como profesor de la Academia Militar de Química. Sin embargo, su área de especialización fue la química, por lo cual no recibió clases formales de composición hasta 1863, cuando se convirtió en discípulo de Mili Balákirev. Tuvo dos hermanos, Dmitri Serguéievich Aleksándrov y Evgueni Fiódorovich Fiódorov, que fueron registrados como hijos de los sirvientes del príncipe. Se casa en 1861 con una famosa y talentosa pianista nacida en Heidelberg, Ekaterina Serguéievna Protopópova, con quien tuvo tres hijos.
En 1869 Balákirev le dirigió su primera sinfonía y en ese mismo año Borodín comenzó la composición de su segunda sinfonía. Aunque el estreno ruso de esta última fue un fracaso, Franz Liszt logró que fuera interpretada en Alemania en 1880, donde tuvo bastante éxito, dándole fama fuera de Rusia.
También en 1869 empezó a trabajar en la composición de su ópera El príncipe Ígor, que es considerada por algunos su obra más importante. Esta ópera contiene las ampliamente conocidas Danzas polovtsianas (o Danzas de los pólovtsy), siendo éste un fragmento comúnmente interpretado por sí mismo, tanto en su versión coral como orquestal. Debido a la gran carga de trabajo como químico, la ópera quedó inconclusa al momento de su muerte, siendo completada posteriormente por Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov y Aleksandr Glazunov.
Priorizó su ópera sobre la tercera sinfonía, quedando esta inacabada. Alexander Glazunov consiguió arreglar las secciones del primer movimiento, así como recrear el scherzo a partir de uno de sus cuartetos de cuerda, cuyo scherzo iba a ser el mismo. Para el trío del scherzo, Glazunov utilizó temas que se habían desechado durante la composición de El príncipe Igor.
A pesar de ser un compositor reconocido, Borodín siempre se ganó la vida como químico, campo en el cual era bastante respetado, particularmente por su conocimiento de los aldehídos. A Borodín también se le atribuye, junto con Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, el descubrimiento de la reacción aldólica, una importante reacción en química orgánica; además de otra reacción química conocida como reacción Borodin-Hunsdiecker. En 1872, participó en la fundación de una escuela de Medicina para mujeres.
Sus obras incluyen el poema sinfónico En las estepas de Asia Central, dos cuartetos de cuerdas, donde el tercer movimiento Nocturno del segundo cuarteto goza de gran fama, un quinteto para cuerdas, un quinteto para piano y cuerdas, una sonata para violoncelo y piano, 16 canciones para bajo y piano, tres de ellas además con violoncelo, piezas para piano, así como las ya mencionadas sinfonías 1 y 2, más una tercera incompleta al momento de su muerte (con dos movimientos completados por Glazunov), el segundo movimiento de la tercera sinfonía, Borodín lo transcribió a cuarteto de cuerdas como un Scherzo.
Tras la muerte de Modest Músorgski en marzo de 1881, sufre de ataques cardiacos y cólera. Borodín murió a los 53 años de un infarto durante una fiesta organizada por los profesores de la academia en San Petersburgo, el 27 de febrero de 1887 y fue enterrado en el cementerio Tijvin del monasterio de Aleksandr Nevski. Su esposa le sobrevivió 5 meses.
En su honor, un cuarteto de cuerdas fundado en Rusia en 1945 lleva su nombre, el Cuarteto Borodín. El pintor Iliá Yefímovich Repin (1844–1930) hizo un magnífico retrato de Borodín, que se encuentra en el Museo Estatal Ruso de San Petersburgo.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Borodín
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Cinco_(compositores)
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Порфи́рьевич Бороди́н) (12 November 1833 – 27 February 1887) was a Russian chemist and Romantic musical composer of Georgian ancestry. He was one of the prominent 19th-century composers known as "The Mighty Handful", a group dedicated to producing a uniquely Russian kind of classical music, rather than imitating earlier Western European models. Borodin is known best for his symphonies, his two string quartets, the symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia and his opera Prince Igor. Music from Prince Igor and his string quartets was later adapted for the US musical Kismet.
A doctor and chemist by profession, Borodin made important early contributions to organic chemistry. Although he is presently known better as a composer, during his lifetime, he regarded medicine and science as his primary occupations, only practising music and composition in his spare time or when he was ill. As a chemist, Borodin is known best for his work concerning organic synthesis, including being among the first chemists to demonstrate nucleophilic substitution, as well as being the co-discoverer of the aldol reaction. Borodin was a promoter of education in Russia and founded the School of Medicine for Women in Saint Petersburg, where he taught until 1885.
Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a married 25-year-old Russian woman, Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova. Due to the circumstances of Alexander's birth, the nobleman had him registered as the son of one of his Russian serfs, Porfiry Borodin, hence the composer's Russian last name. As a result of this registration, both Alexander and his nominal Russian father Porfiry were officially serfs of Alexander's biological father Luka. The Georgian father emancipated Alexander from serfdom when he was 7 years old and provided housing and money for him and his mother. Despite this, Alexander was never publicly recognized by his mother, who was referred to by young Borodin as his "aunt".
Despite his status as a commoner, Borodin was well provided for by his Georgian father and grew up in a large four-storey house, which was gifted to Alexander and his "aunt" by the nobleman. Although his registration prevented enrollment in a proper gymnasium, Borodin received good education in all of the subjects through private tutors at home. During 1850 he enrolled in the Medical–Surgical Academy in Saint Petersburg, which was later the workplace of Ivan Pavlov, and pursued a career in chemistry. On graduation he spent a year as surgeon in a military hospital, followed by three years of advanced scientific study in western Europe.
During 1862 Borodin returned to Saint Petersburg to begin a professorship of chemistry at the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy and spent the remainder of his scientific career in research, lecturing and overseeing the education of others. Eventually, he established medical courses for women (1872).
He began taking lessons in composition from Mily Balakirev during 1862. He married Ekaterina Protopopova, a pianist, during 1863, and had at least one daughter, named Gania. Music remained a secondary vocation for Borodin besides his main career as a chemist and physician. He suffered poor health, having overcome cholera and several minor heart failures. He died suddenly during a ball at the Academy, and was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg.
In his profession Borodin gained great respect, being particularly noted for his work on aldehydes. Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin had a postdoctoral position in Heidelberg. He worked in the laboratory of Emil Erlenmeyer working on benzene derivatives. He also spent time in Pisa, working on halocarbons. One experiment published during 1862 described the first nucleophilic displacement of chlorine by fluorine in benzoyl chloride. The radical halodecarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids was first demonstrated by Borodin during 1861 by his synthesis of methyl bromide from silver acetate. It was Heinz Hunsdiecker and his wife Cläre, however, who developed Borodin's work into a general method, for which they were granted a US patent during 1939, and which they published in the journal Chemische Berichte during 1942. The method is generally known as either the Hunsdiecker reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction.
During 1862, Borodin returned to the Medical–Surgical Academy (now known as the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy), and accepted a professorship of chemistry. He worked on self-condensation of small aldehydes in a process now known as the aldol reaction, the discovery of which is jointly credited to Borodin and Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. Borodin investigated the condensation of valerian aldehyde and oenanth aldehyde, which was reported by von Richter during 1869. During 1873, he described his work to the Russian Chemical Society and noted similarities with compounds recently reported by Wurtz.
He published his last full article during 1875 on reactions of amides and his last publication concerned a method for the identification of urea in animal urine.
His successor as chemistry professor of the Medical-Surgical academy was his son-in-law and fellow chemist, Alexander Dianin.
Borodin met Mily Balakirev during 1862. While under Balakirev's tutelage in composition he began his Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major; it was first performed during 1869, with Balakirev conducting. During that same year Borodin started on his Symphony No. 2 in B minor, which was not particularly successful at its premiere during 1877 under Eduard Nápravník, but with some minor re-orchestration received a successful performance during 1879 by the Free Music School by Rimsky-Korsakov's direction. During 1880 he composed the popular symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia. Two years later he began composing a third symphony, but left it unfinished at his death; two movements of it were later completed and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.
During 1868 Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second symphony by preoccupation with the opera Prince Igor, which is considered by some to be his most significant work and one of the most important historical Russian operas. It contains the Polovtsian Dances, often performed as a stand-alone concert work forming what is probably Borodin's best-known composition. Borodin left the opera (and a few other works) incomplete at his death.
Prince Igor was completed posthumously by Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov. It is set in the 12th century, when the Russians, commanded by Prince Igor of Seversk, determined to conquer the barbarous Polovtsians by travelling eastward across the Steppes. The Polovtsians were apparently a nomadic tribe originally of Turkish origin who habitually attacked southern Russia. A full solar eclipse early during the first act foreshadows an ominous outcome to the invasion. Prince Igor's troops are defeated. The story tells of the capture of Prince Igor, and his son, Vladimir, of Russia by Polovtsian chief Khan Konchak, who entertains his prisoners lavishly and orders his slaves to perform the famous 'Polovtsian Dances', which provide a thrilling climax to the second act. The second half of the opera finds Prince Igor returning to his homeland, but rather than finding himself in disgrace, he is welcomed home by the townspeople and by his wife, Yaroslavna. Although for a while rarely performed in its entirety outside of Russia, this opera has received two notable new productions recently, one at the Bolshoi State Opera and Ballet Company in Russia during 2013, and one at the Metropolitan Opera Company of New York City during 2014.
No other member of the Balakirev circle identified himself so much with absolute music as did Borodin in his two string quartets, and in his many earlier chamber compositions. Himself a cellist, he was an enthusiastic chamber music player, an interest that increased during his chemical studies in Heidelberg between 1859 and 1861. This early period yielded, among other chamber works, a string sextet and a piano quintet. In thematic structure and instrumental texture he based his pieces on those of Felix Mendelssohn.
During 1875 Borodin started his First String Quartet, much to the displeasure of Mussorgsky and Vladimir Stasov. That Borodin did so in the company of The Five, who were hostile to chamber music, demonstrates his independence. From the First Quartet onward, he displayed mastery of the form. His Second Quartet, in which his strong lyricism is represented in the popular "Nocturne", followed during 1881. The First Quartet is richer in changes of mood. The Second Quartet has a more uniform atmosphere and expression.
Borodin's fame outside the Russian Empire was made possible during his lifetime by Franz Liszt, who arranged a performance of the Symphony No. 1 in Germany during 1880, and by the Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau in Belgium and France. His music is noted for its strong lyricism and rich harmonies. Along with some influences from Western composers, as a member of The Five his music has also a Russian style. His passionate music and unusual harmonies proved to have a lasting influence on the younger French composers Debussy and Ravel (in homage, the latter composed during 1913 a piano piece entitled "À la manière de Borodine").
The evocative characteristics of Borodin's music made possible the adaptation of his compositions in the 1953 musical Kismet, by Robert Wright and George Forrest, notably in the songs "Stranger in Paradise" and "And This Is My Beloved". In 1954, Borodin was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Borodin
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Alexander_B...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_(composers)