XE3F0333 - Ópera de Pekín - Beijing opera
La ópera china es el nombre que recibe el teatro tradicional en China. El director Wang Yida, definió el teatro chino como "arte que sintetiza actuación, acrobacia, artes marciales, bellas artes, música y poesía".1
Se remonta a la dinastía Tang con el Emperador Xuanzong (712-755), fundador del "Jardín de los Perales" (梨园), la primera compañía documentada en China, y casi exclusivamente al servicio de los emperadores.nota 1 Durante la dinastía Yuan (1279-1368), se introdujeron en la ópera las variedades como el Zaju (杂剧), con actuaciones basadas en esquemas de rima y personajes tipo: "Dan" (旦, femenino), "Sheng" (生, masculino) y "Chou" (丑, payaso). En el siglo XXI, las profesiones de la ópera son todavía llamadas Disciplinas del Jardín de los Perales (梨园子弟).
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ópera_china
La Ópera de Pekín (en chino: 京剧 jīngjù o 京戏 jīngxì), es una clase de Ópera China que se inició a mediados del siglo XIX y que se hizo extremadamente popular entre la corte de la dinastía Qing. Está considerada como una de las máximas expresiones de la cultura de China.
El 16 de noviembre de 2010, la Unesco declaró la Ópera de Pekín como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad1
La ópera de Pekín tiene cuatro tipos diferentes de personajes, tres masculinos y uno femenino:
Jing: Personaje masculino dotado de una gran fuerza de voluntad. Se le reconoce con facilidad ya que
siempre lleva un maquillaje excesivo.
Sheng: Personaje masculino que presenta tres variantes diferentes; el Sheng Guerrero, el Sheng joven y el Sheng mayor.
Ch’ou: Personaje masculino. Es el bufón de la obra.
Tan: Personaje femenino. Este personaje tiene también distintas variantes: Tan mayor, Tan flor (una joven alegre y un tanto descarada), Tan verde (mujer joven y de gran rectitud) y Tan del caballo y la espada (una mujer que domina tan bien la caligrafía como el arte de la guerra).
Es importante también el color del vestuario que utilizan los actores. Así el color negro representa un carácter atrevido; el blanco sirve para representar a una persona mentirosa; el azul indica a un personaje frío y calculador; y el rojo se utiliza para personajes valientes y leales. Los colores dorados y plateados se utilizan para representar a dioses.
Los argumentos de la ópera de Pekín son muy variados y van desde las intrigas de la corte hasta hazañas militares. Importa tanto la música como los gestos, las acrobacias y los cantos. Algunas representaciones pueden durar hasta seis horas.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ópera_de_Pekín
Yueju Opera (Chinese: 越剧),is a Chinese opera popular in China. It originated in Shengxian County(namely Shengzhou). The word "Yue" in Chinese means Zhejiang province and the regions around it. "ju" means (Chinese) opera. At present, Yueju Opera is the second most popular opera in China, after the Beijing Opera.
simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yueju_Opera
Traditional Chinese opera (Chinese: 戲曲; pinyin: xìqǔ; Jyutping: hei3 kuk1), or Xiqu, is a popular form of drama and musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China. It is a composite performance art that is an amalgamation of various art forms that existed in ancient China, and evolved gradually over more than a thousand years, reaching its mature form in the 13th century during the Song Dynasty. Early forms of Chinese theater are simple, but over time they incorporated various art forms, such as music, song and dance, martial arts, acrobatics, as well as literary art forms to become traditional Chinese opera.[1]
There are numerous regional branches of traditional Chinese opera, including the Beijing opera, Shaoxing opera, Cantonese opera and kunqu and Lvju.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_opera
Peking opera, or Beijing opera (Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: Jīngjù), is a form of Chinese opera which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.[1] The form was extremely popular in the Qing dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.[2] Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north and Shanghai in the south.[3] The art form is also preserved in Taiwan (Republic of China), where it is known as Guójù (traditional Chinese: 國劇; simplified Chinese: 国剧; "National theatre"). It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.[4]
The roles on the Peking Opera stage fall into four major roles-Sheng (生), Dan (旦), Jing (净), Chou (丑).[44]
Sheng (生): refer to men, divided into Laosheng (老生)，Xiaosheng (小生)，Wusheng (武生)
Dan (旦): refer to women, divided into Zhengdan (正旦), Laodan (老旦), Huadan (花旦), Wudan (武旦), Daomadan (刀马旦)
Jing (净): refer to painted-face role, know popularly as Hualian, divided into Zhengjing (正净), Fujing (副净), Wujing (武净), Maojing (毛净)
Chou (丑): refer to painted-face role, know popularly as Xiao hualian, divided into Wenchou (文丑), Wuchou (武丑), Nüchou (女丑)
The Dan (旦) refers to any female role in Peking opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes. Old women were played by laodan, martial women were wudan, young female warriors were daomadan, virtuous and elite women were qingyi, and vivacious and unmarried women were huadan. One of Mei Lanfang's most important contributions to Peking opera was in pioneering a sixth type of role, the huashan. This role type combines the status of the qingyi with the sensuality of the huadan.[54] A troupe will have a young Dan to play main roles, as well as an older Dan for secondary parts.[49] Four examples of famous Dans are Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng.[55] In the early years of Peking opera, all Dan roles were played by men. Wei Changsheng, a male Dan performer in the Qing court, developed the cai qiao, or "false foot" technique, to simulate the bound feet of women and the characteristic gait that resulted from the practice. The ban on female performers also led to a controversial form of brothel, known as the xianggong tangzi, in which men paid to have sex with young boys dressed as females. Ironically, the performing skills taught to the youths employed in these brothels led many of them to become professional Dan later in life.[56]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_opera
XE3F0333 - Ópera de Pekín - Beijing opera
La ópera china es el nombre que recibe el teatro tradicional en China. El director Wang Yida, definió el teatro chino como "arte que sintetiza actuación, acrobacia, artes marciales, bellas artes, música y poesía".1
Se remonta a la dinastía Tang con el Emperador Xuanzong (712-755), fundador del "Jardín de los Perales" (梨园), la primera compañía documentada en China, y casi exclusivamente al servicio de los emperadores.nota 1 Durante la dinastía Yuan (1279-1368), se introdujeron en la ópera las variedades como el Zaju (杂剧), con actuaciones basadas en esquemas de rima y personajes tipo: "Dan" (旦, femenino), "Sheng" (生, masculino) y "Chou" (丑, payaso). En el siglo XXI, las profesiones de la ópera son todavía llamadas Disciplinas del Jardín de los Perales (梨园子弟).
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ópera_china
La Ópera de Pekín (en chino: 京剧 jīngjù o 京戏 jīngxì), es una clase de Ópera China que se inició a mediados del siglo XIX y que se hizo extremadamente popular entre la corte de la dinastía Qing. Está considerada como una de las máximas expresiones de la cultura de China.
El 16 de noviembre de 2010, la Unesco declaró la Ópera de Pekín como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad1
La ópera de Pekín tiene cuatro tipos diferentes de personajes, tres masculinos y uno femenino:
Jing: Personaje masculino dotado de una gran fuerza de voluntad. Se le reconoce con facilidad ya que
siempre lleva un maquillaje excesivo.
Sheng: Personaje masculino que presenta tres variantes diferentes; el Sheng Guerrero, el Sheng joven y el Sheng mayor.
Ch’ou: Personaje masculino. Es el bufón de la obra.
Tan: Personaje femenino. Este personaje tiene también distintas variantes: Tan mayor, Tan flor (una joven alegre y un tanto descarada), Tan verde (mujer joven y de gran rectitud) y Tan del caballo y la espada (una mujer que domina tan bien la caligrafía como el arte de la guerra).
Es importante también el color del vestuario que utilizan los actores. Así el color negro representa un carácter atrevido; el blanco sirve para representar a una persona mentirosa; el azul indica a un personaje frío y calculador; y el rojo se utiliza para personajes valientes y leales. Los colores dorados y plateados se utilizan para representar a dioses.
Los argumentos de la ópera de Pekín son muy variados y van desde las intrigas de la corte hasta hazañas militares. Importa tanto la música como los gestos, las acrobacias y los cantos. Algunas representaciones pueden durar hasta seis horas.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ópera_de_Pekín
Yueju Opera (Chinese: 越剧),is a Chinese opera popular in China. It originated in Shengxian County(namely Shengzhou). The word "Yue" in Chinese means Zhejiang province and the regions around it. "ju" means (Chinese) opera. At present, Yueju Opera is the second most popular opera in China, after the Beijing Opera.
simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yueju_Opera
Traditional Chinese opera (Chinese: 戲曲; pinyin: xìqǔ; Jyutping: hei3 kuk1), or Xiqu, is a popular form of drama and musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China. It is a composite performance art that is an amalgamation of various art forms that existed in ancient China, and evolved gradually over more than a thousand years, reaching its mature form in the 13th century during the Song Dynasty. Early forms of Chinese theater are simple, but over time they incorporated various art forms, such as music, song and dance, martial arts, acrobatics, as well as literary art forms to become traditional Chinese opera.[1]
There are numerous regional branches of traditional Chinese opera, including the Beijing opera, Shaoxing opera, Cantonese opera and kunqu and Lvju.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_opera
Peking opera, or Beijing opera (Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: Jīngjù), is a form of Chinese opera which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.[1] The form was extremely popular in the Qing dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.[2] Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north and Shanghai in the south.[3] The art form is also preserved in Taiwan (Republic of China), where it is known as Guójù (traditional Chinese: 國劇; simplified Chinese: 国剧; "National theatre"). It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.[4]
The roles on the Peking Opera stage fall into four major roles-Sheng (生), Dan (旦), Jing (净), Chou (丑).[44]
Sheng (生): refer to men, divided into Laosheng (老生)，Xiaosheng (小生)，Wusheng (武生)
Dan (旦): refer to women, divided into Zhengdan (正旦), Laodan (老旦), Huadan (花旦), Wudan (武旦), Daomadan (刀马旦)
Jing (净): refer to painted-face role, know popularly as Hualian, divided into Zhengjing (正净), Fujing (副净), Wujing (武净), Maojing (毛净)
Chou (丑): refer to painted-face role, know popularly as Xiao hualian, divided into Wenchou (文丑), Wuchou (武丑), Nüchou (女丑)
The Dan (旦) refers to any female role in Peking opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes. Old women were played by laodan, martial women were wudan, young female warriors were daomadan, virtuous and elite women were qingyi, and vivacious and unmarried women were huadan. One of Mei Lanfang's most important contributions to Peking opera was in pioneering a sixth type of role, the huashan. This role type combines the status of the qingyi with the sensuality of the huadan.[54] A troupe will have a young Dan to play main roles, as well as an older Dan for secondary parts.[49] Four examples of famous Dans are Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng.[55] In the early years of Peking opera, all Dan roles were played by men. Wei Changsheng, a male Dan performer in the Qing court, developed the cai qiao, or "false foot" technique, to simulate the bound feet of women and the characteristic gait that resulted from the practice. The ban on female performers also led to a controversial form of brothel, known as the xianggong tangzi, in which men paid to have sex with young boys dressed as females. Ironically, the performing skills taught to the youths employed in these brothels led many of them to become professional Dan later in life.[56]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_opera