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Naturally Overgrown Artifice. Fort Sperone and Pale Clouded Yellow Butterfly with Marble White Butterfly, Genoa, Italy

The so-called New Walls of Genoa are an amazing artifice of early seventeenth-century engineering. Towering high above the city on the rims of hills for about 20 km they served to protect Genoa from any enemies landside. In the distance is Fort Sperone, named for the defensive prow of a ship, its rostrum.

When those wall were built the hillsides would have been devoid of trees and shrubbery in order to give a clear view of what was happening below. Obviously they became useless in military's modern age. Nature has reclaimed much and the walls are all but overgrown. But Fort Sperone remained in use by various governmental departments until well into the twentieth century.

You can take a wonderful walk along those walls if you've the stamina. In hot weather you'd wish to be a light Butterfly.

In the insets two of very many that I saw today. On the left Pale Clouded Yellow, Colias hyale, and on the right really very pretty Marble White, Melanargia galathea.

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Uploaded on June 8, 2022
Taken on June 8, 2022