<b>India</b> Ganesh / Ganesha
China and India
english
Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश; IAST: Gaṇeśa ), also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh, also known as Ganapati (Sanskrit: गणपति; IAST: gaṇapati), Vinayaka (Sanskrit: विनायक; IAST: Vināyaka), and Pillaiyar (Tamil: பிள்ளையார்), is one of the deities best-known and most widely worshipped in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India and Nepal. Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains, Buddhists, and beyond India.
Although he is known by many other attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.Ganesha is widely revered as the Remover of Obstacles and more generally as Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles (Vighnesha (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश; IAST: Vighneśa), Vighneshvara (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश्वर; IAST: Vighneśvara), patron of arts and sciences, and the deva of intellect and wisdom. He is honoured at the beginning of rituals and ceremonies and invoked as Patron of Letters during writing sessions. Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
Ganesha emerged a distinct deity in clearly recognizable form in the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta Period, although he inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors. His popularity rose quickly, and he was formally included among the five primary deities of Smartism (a Hindu denomination) in the 9th century. A sect of devotees called the Ganapatya, (Sanskrit: गाणपत्य; IAST: gāṇapatya), who identified Ganesha as the supreme deity, arose during this period. The principal scriptures dedicated to Ganesha are the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana, and the Ganapati Atharvashirsa.
Etymology and other names
Ganesha has many other titles and epithets, including Ganapati and Vigneshvara. The Hindu title of respect Shri (Sanskrit: श्री; IAST: śrī; also spelled Sri or Shree) is often added before his name. One popular way Ganesha is worshipped is by chanting a Ganesha Sahasranama, a litany of "a thousand names of Ganesha". Each name in the sahasranama conveys a different meaning and symbolises a different aspect of Ganesha. At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana, a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha.
The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words gana (Sanskrit: गण; IAST: gaṇa), meaning a group, multitude, or categorical system and isha (Sanskrit: ईश; IAST: īśa), meaning lord or master. The word gaņa when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaņas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of Shiva (IAST: Śiva). The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the Gaņas" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements. Ganapati (Sanskrit: गणपति; Tamil: கணபதி; IAST: gaṇapati), a synonym for Ganesha, is a compound composed of gaṇa, meaning "group", and pati, meaning "ruler" or "lord". The Amarakosha, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of Ganesha : Vinayaka, Vighnarāja (equivalent to Vignesha), Dvaimātura (one who has two mothers), Gaṇādhipa (equivalent to Ganapati and Ganesha), Ekadanta (one who has one tusk), Heramba, Lambodara (one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and Gajanana (IAST: gajānana) ; having the face of an elephant).
Vinayaka (Sanskrit: विनायक; Tamil: விநாயகா; IAST: vināyaka) is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras. This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in Maharashtra known as the Ashtavinayak (aṣṭavināyaka). The names Vighnesha (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश; IAST: vighneśa) and Vighneshvara (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश्वर; vighneśvara) (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hindu mythology as the master and remover of obstacles (vighna). The widespread name of Ganesha in Thailand is Phra Phikanet or Phra Phikanesuan, both of which are derived from Vara Vighnesha and Vara Vighneshvara respectively, whereas the name Kanet (from Ganesha) is rather rare. In the Kundalini, Ganesha is the presiding deity of 'Mooladhara Chakra" and hence referred to as "Mooladhara Murthy" signifying that he is the Lord to be propitiated at the beginning of any event.
A prominent name for Ganesha in the Tamil language is Pille(பிள்ளை) or Pillaiyar(பிள்ளையார்) (Little Child). A. K. Narain differentiates these terms by saying that pille means a "child" while pillaiyar means a "noble child". He adds that the words pallu(பல்லு), pella, and pell in the Dravidian family of languages signify "tooth or tusk", also "elephant tooth or tusk". Anita Raina Thapan notes that the root word pille in the name Pillaiyar might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the Pali word pillaka means "a young elephant".
In the Burmese language, Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne (မဟာပိန္နဲ, pronounced [məhà pèiɴné]), derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka (မဟာဝိနာယက).
portugues
No hinduísmo, Ganexa ou Ganesha (sânscrito: गणेश ou श्रीगणेश (quando usado para distinguir status de Senhor) (ou "senhor dos obstáculos," seu nome é também escrito como Ganesa ou Ganesh e algumas vezes referido como Ganapati) é uma das mais conhecidas e veneradas representações de deus. Ele é o primeiro filho de Shiva e Parvati, e o esposo de Buddhi (também chamada Riddhi) e Siddhi. Ele é chamado também de Vinayaka em Kannada, Malayalam e Marathi, Vinayagar e Pillayar (em tâmil), e Vinayakudu em Telugu. 'Ga' simboliza Buddhi (intelecto) e 'Na' simboliza Vijnana (sabedoria). Ganesha é então considerado o mestre do intelecto e da sabedoria. Ele é representado como uma divindade amarela ou vermelha, com uma grande barriga, quatro braços e a cabeça de elefante com uma única presa, montado em um rato. É habitualmente representado sentado, com uma perna levantada e curvada por cima da outra. Em geral, antepõe-se ao seu nome o título Hindu de respeito 'Shri' ou Sri.
Ganesha é o símbolo das soluções lógicas e deve ser interpretado como tal. Seu corpo é humano enquanto que a cabeça é de um elefante; ao mesmo tempo, seu transporte (vahana) é um rato. Desta forma Ganesha representa uma solução lógica para os problemas, ou "Destruidor de Obstáculos". Sua consorte é Buddhi (um sinônimo de mente) e ele é adorado junto de Lakshmi (a deusa da abundância) pelos mercadores e homens de negócio. A razão sendo a solução lógica para os problemas e a prosperidade são inseparáveis.
O culto de Ganesha é amplamente difundido, mesmo fora da Índia. Seus devotos são chamados Ganapatyas.
<b>India</b> Ganesh / Ganesha
China and India
english
Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश; IAST: Gaṇeśa ), also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh, also known as Ganapati (Sanskrit: गणपति; IAST: gaṇapati), Vinayaka (Sanskrit: विनायक; IAST: Vināyaka), and Pillaiyar (Tamil: பிள்ளையார்), is one of the deities best-known and most widely worshipped in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India and Nepal. Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains, Buddhists, and beyond India.
Although he is known by many other attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.Ganesha is widely revered as the Remover of Obstacles and more generally as Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles (Vighnesha (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश; IAST: Vighneśa), Vighneshvara (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश्वर; IAST: Vighneśvara), patron of arts and sciences, and the deva of intellect and wisdom. He is honoured at the beginning of rituals and ceremonies and invoked as Patron of Letters during writing sessions. Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
Ganesha emerged a distinct deity in clearly recognizable form in the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta Period, although he inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors. His popularity rose quickly, and he was formally included among the five primary deities of Smartism (a Hindu denomination) in the 9th century. A sect of devotees called the Ganapatya, (Sanskrit: गाणपत्य; IAST: gāṇapatya), who identified Ganesha as the supreme deity, arose during this period. The principal scriptures dedicated to Ganesha are the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana, and the Ganapati Atharvashirsa.
Etymology and other names
Ganesha has many other titles and epithets, including Ganapati and Vigneshvara. The Hindu title of respect Shri (Sanskrit: श्री; IAST: śrī; also spelled Sri or Shree) is often added before his name. One popular way Ganesha is worshipped is by chanting a Ganesha Sahasranama, a litany of "a thousand names of Ganesha". Each name in the sahasranama conveys a different meaning and symbolises a different aspect of Ganesha. At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana, a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha.
The name Ganesha is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words gana (Sanskrit: गण; IAST: gaṇa), meaning a group, multitude, or categorical system and isha (Sanskrit: ईश; IAST: īśa), meaning lord or master. The word gaņa when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaņas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of Shiva (IAST: Śiva). The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the Gaņas" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements. Ganapati (Sanskrit: गणपति; Tamil: கணபதி; IAST: gaṇapati), a synonym for Ganesha, is a compound composed of gaṇa, meaning "group", and pati, meaning "ruler" or "lord". The Amarakosha, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of Ganesha : Vinayaka, Vighnarāja (equivalent to Vignesha), Dvaimātura (one who has two mothers), Gaṇādhipa (equivalent to Ganapati and Ganesha), Ekadanta (one who has one tusk), Heramba, Lambodara (one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and Gajanana (IAST: gajānana) ; having the face of an elephant).
Vinayaka (Sanskrit: विनायक; Tamil: விநாயகா; IAST: vināyaka) is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras. This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in Maharashtra known as the Ashtavinayak (aṣṭavināyaka). The names Vighnesha (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश; IAST: vighneśa) and Vighneshvara (Sanskrit: विघ्नेश्वर; vighneśvara) (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hindu mythology as the master and remover of obstacles (vighna). The widespread name of Ganesha in Thailand is Phra Phikanet or Phra Phikanesuan, both of which are derived from Vara Vighnesha and Vara Vighneshvara respectively, whereas the name Kanet (from Ganesha) is rather rare. In the Kundalini, Ganesha is the presiding deity of 'Mooladhara Chakra" and hence referred to as "Mooladhara Murthy" signifying that he is the Lord to be propitiated at the beginning of any event.
A prominent name for Ganesha in the Tamil language is Pille(பிள்ளை) or Pillaiyar(பிள்ளையார்) (Little Child). A. K. Narain differentiates these terms by saying that pille means a "child" while pillaiyar means a "noble child". He adds that the words pallu(பல்லு), pella, and pell in the Dravidian family of languages signify "tooth or tusk", also "elephant tooth or tusk". Anita Raina Thapan notes that the root word pille in the name Pillaiyar might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the Pali word pillaka means "a young elephant".
In the Burmese language, Ganesha is known as Maha Peinne (မဟာပိန္နဲ, pronounced [məhà pèiɴné]), derived from Pali Mahā Wināyaka (မဟာဝိနာယက).
portugues
No hinduísmo, Ganexa ou Ganesha (sânscrito: गणेश ou श्रीगणेश (quando usado para distinguir status de Senhor) (ou "senhor dos obstáculos," seu nome é também escrito como Ganesa ou Ganesh e algumas vezes referido como Ganapati) é uma das mais conhecidas e veneradas representações de deus. Ele é o primeiro filho de Shiva e Parvati, e o esposo de Buddhi (também chamada Riddhi) e Siddhi. Ele é chamado também de Vinayaka em Kannada, Malayalam e Marathi, Vinayagar e Pillayar (em tâmil), e Vinayakudu em Telugu. 'Ga' simboliza Buddhi (intelecto) e 'Na' simboliza Vijnana (sabedoria). Ganesha é então considerado o mestre do intelecto e da sabedoria. Ele é representado como uma divindade amarela ou vermelha, com uma grande barriga, quatro braços e a cabeça de elefante com uma única presa, montado em um rato. É habitualmente representado sentado, com uma perna levantada e curvada por cima da outra. Em geral, antepõe-se ao seu nome o título Hindu de respeito 'Shri' ou Sri.
Ganesha é o símbolo das soluções lógicas e deve ser interpretado como tal. Seu corpo é humano enquanto que a cabeça é de um elefante; ao mesmo tempo, seu transporte (vahana) é um rato. Desta forma Ganesha representa uma solução lógica para os problemas, ou "Destruidor de Obstáculos". Sua consorte é Buddhi (um sinônimo de mente) e ele é adorado junto de Lakshmi (a deusa da abundância) pelos mercadores e homens de negócio. A razão sendo a solução lógica para os problemas e a prosperidade são inseparáveis.
O culto de Ganesha é amplamente difundido, mesmo fora da Índia. Seus devotos são chamados Ganapatyas.