Sverige / Sweden / Suécia

Is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the Öresund Bridge in the south.

At 450,295 km², Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union in terms of area, with a total population of about 9.2 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) but a considerably higher density in the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas, and it is expected that these numbers will gradually rise as a part of the ongoing urbanization. Sweden's capital is Stockholm, which is also the largest city in the country (population of 1.3 million in the urban area and with 2 million in the metropolitan area).

Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union which lasted until 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.

Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a highly developed economy. It ranks first in the world in The Economist's Democracy Index and seventh in the United Nations' Human Development Index. Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.

 

History

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sweden

 

Geography

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden

 

Other info

Oficial name:

Konungariket Sverige

+ fin: Ruotsin kuningaskunta

rmy: Ťagaripen Svedo / थागारिपेन स्वेदो

sma: Sveerjen gånkarijhke

sme: Ruoŧa gonagasriika

smj: Svieriga gånågisrijkka

yid: קיניגרײַך שװעדן (Kinigrayḫ Švedn)

 

Unification:

Between 900 and 1200

 

Area:

449.964 km2

 

Inhabitants:

9.900.000

 

Languages:

Dalecarlian [dlc] 1,500 (1996 Oesten Dahl). Upper Dalecarlia (Oevre Dalarna), especially Aelvdalen (Elfdal). Alternate names: Dalska, Dalmaal. Dialects: Quite deviant from other varieties. Various dialects, some of which are reported to be unintelligible to each other's speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish

More information.

 

Finnish [fin] 200,000 in Sweden (1997 Birger Winsa). 'Swedish-Finns' were 446,134 in 1999, which counts those born in Finland and first generation born in Sweden, but not others, even if the first language is Finnish. Alternate names: Suomi, Suomea. Classification: Uralic, Finnic

More information.

 

Finnish, Tornedalen [fit] 79,579 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Population includes 40,000 to 70,000 in the main region (1997), and including 20,000 who speak it in the home (1996). Population total all countries: 109,579. Northeast Sweden, County of Norrbotten, municipalities of Gällivare, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneä, and Haparanda. Also spoken in Finland. Alternate names: Tornedalen, Meänkieli, Torne Valley Finnish, Tornedalsfinska, North Finnish. Dialects: Torne Valley Finnish, Vittangi Finnish, Gällivare Finnish. Standard Finnish is not entirely intelligible to speakers of Tornedalen, especially abstract and complex discourse. Classification: Uralic, Finnic

More information.

 

Jamtska [jmk] 30,000 (2000 J. Persson). Jämtland and scattered elsewhere in Sweden. Alternate names: Jamska. Dialects: Perhaps 95% lexical similarity to other Norwegian or Swedish dialects, other loans from German, Danish, and French. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, West Scandinavian

More information.

 

Romani, Kalo Finnish [rmf] 1,592 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Fíntika Rómma. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern

More information.

 

Romani, Tavringer [rmu] 25,000 in Sweden (1998 Hallman). Population total all countries: 31,000. Scattered all over Sweden. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Rommani, Svensk Rommani, Traveller Swedish, "Tattare". Dialects: An independent language based on Swedish with heavy lexical borrowing from Northern Romani. Not intelligible with Angloromani. Classification: Mixed Language, Swedish-Romani

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Romani, Vlax [rmy] 1,500 in Sweden. 500 Kalderash, 1,000 Lovari. Alternate names: Zigenare. Dialects: Kalderash, Lovari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax

More information.

 

Saami, Lule [smj] 1,500 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 2,000. Ethnic population: 6,000 in Sweden. Lapland along the Lule River in Gällivare and Jokkmokk. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Lule, Saami, "Lapp". Dialects: Lule Saami is quite distinct from other Saami. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern

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Saami, North [sme] 4,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 5,000 in Sweden (1994 SIL). Karesuando and Jukkasjärvi. Alternate names: Norwegian Saami, "Lapp", Saame, Same, Samic, Northern Lappish, Northern Saami. Dialects: Ruija, Torne, Sea Lappish. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern

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Saami, Pite [sje] 20 in Sweden (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 2,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Lapland along Pite River in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Saami, "Lapp", Pite. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern Nearly extinct.

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Saami, South [sma] 300 in Sweden(1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 600. Ethnic population: 600 in Sweden. Vilhelmina in Lapland, in Jämtland, Härjedalen, and Idre in Dalarna. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Southern Lapp. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Southern

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Saami, Ume [sju] 20 (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1995 M. Krauss). Lycksele, Mala, Tärna, and Sorsele, along the Ume River. Probably no speakers in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Saami, Ume. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Southern Nearly extinct.

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Scanian [scy] 80,000 in Sweden (2002). Blekinge, Halland, Skåne in Sweden. The main regional city is Malmö. Also spoken in Denmark. Alternate names: Skånska, Skånsk, Southern Swedish, Eastern Danish. Dialects: Halländska, Skånska, Blekingska, Bornholmsk. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish

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Swedish [swe] 7,825,000 in Sweden (1986). Population includes 5,000 speakers of Gutniska (1998 Sven Håkansson). Population total all countries: 8,789,835. The Göta dialect group is southern, including parts of Småland, south Swedish provinces, Värmland, Västergvtland; the Svea dialect group is northern, including Hälsingland, parts of Östergötland and Uppland, and the Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. Southern Swedish is in Skåne, Blekinge, southern Småland, southern Halland. Northern Swedish is from northern Hälsingland and Jämtland and northwards. Eastern Swedish is in Finland, Estonia, and Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine. Gutnic is in southeastern Isle of Gotland and Fårö. Nearly extinct in Estonia. Also spoken in Canada, Estonia, Finland, Norway, United Arab Emirates, USA. Alternate names: Svenska, Ruotsi. Dialects: Northern Swedish (Norrland), Eastern Swedish (Finland Swedish, Estonian Swedish), Svea, Gutniska (Gutamal, Gotlandic, Gutnic). 'Proper' Swedish is considered to be spoken in Svealand. Dialect investigation is needed of diverse varieties Gutniska, Överkalixmål, Nörpes, Pitemål, provinces around the Bothnic Sea (Västerbotten and Norbotten in Sweden, and Oesterbotten in Finland), and the island of Gotland. Gutniska is descended from Forngutniska (Old Gotlandic), which is ranked as a separate language. A mixed variety, with Turkish influence, Rinkebysvenska, is used among immigrants. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish

More information.

 

Swedish Sign Language [swl] 8,000 deaf primary users, and the first language of many hearing children of deaf parents (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). Dialects: No origins from other sign languages, but it has influenced Portuguese and Finnish sign languages. Intelligible with Norwegian and Danish sign languages with only moderate difficulty. Not intelligible with Finnish Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language

 

Capital city:

Stockholm

 

Meaning country name:

An old English plural form of Swede. The exact development of the ethnonym remains uncertain, but it certainly derives from the Old English Sweoðeod, in Old Norse: Sviþjoð. The etymology of the first element, Svi, links to the PIE *suos (one's own, of one's own kin). The last element, þjoð, means "people", cognate with deut in Deutsch and teut in Teutons.

Sverige (native name): derives from the phrase Svia Rike, meaning "the realm of the Swedes" (possibly through Danish, even though a similar linguistic evolution happened within Swedish: mik->mig).

An tSualainn (Irish name): means (literally) Swedeland and is formed from an ethnonym Sua, evidently derived from Svia (see above) and -lann, a common suffix denoting abstract nouns in Irish. The inclusion of an, the singular definite article, as well as the elipsis t is necessary for grammatical purposes.

Ruotsi (Finnish), Rootsi (Estonian), Rūotšmō (Livonian), Ruoŧŧa (Sami): probably from a Varangian people called the Rus', originating from Roslagen in Svealand. Scholars debate the meaning of rus, but it probably originates from the element roþs- ("relating to rowing") which has the same origin as row.

 

Description Flag:

The flag of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges flagga) is blue with a yellow Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag. The design and colors of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present Coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross pattée of gold, and modeled on the Danish flag. Blue and yellow have been used as Swedish colors at least since king Magnus Birgersson's royal coat of arms of 1275.

According to the mythology, the Swedish 12th century king Eric the Holy saw a yellow cross in the sky as he landed in Finland during the First Swedish Crusade in 1157. Seeing this as a sign from God he adopted the yellow cross against a blue background as his banner.

It has also been suggested that the Swedish flag might have been a resistance flag against the Danish flag, which is red with a white cross, and which has been known since 1219. According to this theory, the Swedish flag was created during the reign of King Charles Knutsson, who also introduced the Coat of arms of Sweden in 1442. The national coat of arms is a combination of King Albert of Mecklenburg's coat of arms of 1364 and King Magnus Birgersson's coat of arms of 1275, and is blue divided quarterly by a golden cross pattée.

Other historians claim that the Swedish flag was blue with a white cross before 1420, and became blue with a golden cross only during the early reign of King Gustaf Vasa, who successfully liberated Sweden from the temporary tyranny of the Danish King Christian II in 1521

 

Coat of arms:

The greater national coat of arms (stora riksvapnet) and the lesser national coat of arms (lilla riksvapnet) are the official coats of arms of Sweden.

The shield has four elements: The first and fourth fields, top left and bottom right, show the three Royal Crowns of Sweden. They have been a national symbol since the time of King Albert of Mecklenburg. The second and third field, top right and bottom left, are the traditional Lions of the Folkunga Dynasty.

The escutcheon is supported by two lions with forked tails (queue fourchée), facing away from the shield and crowned with Royal Crowns. The lion has for centuries been an important element in Swedish heraldry and especially for the State Coat of Arms.

 

Motto:

"För Sverige - I tiden"

 

National Anthem: Du gamla, du fria

 

Original verses by Richard Dybeck:

 

1

Du gamla, Du fria, Du fjällhöga nord

Du tysta, Du glädjerika sköna!

Jag hälsar Dig, vänaste land uppå jord,

/: Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna.:/

2

Du tronar på minnen från fornstora dar,

då ärat Ditt namn flög över jorden.

Jag vet att Du är och Du bliver vad du var.

/: Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/

Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)

3

Jag städs vill dig tjäna mitt älskade land,

din trohet till döden vill jag svära.

Din rätt, skall jag värna, med håg och med hand,

/:din fana, högt den bragderika bära.:/

4

Med Gud skall jag kämpa, för hem och för härd,

för Sverige, den kära fosterjorden.

Jag byter Dig ej, mot allt i en värld

/: Nej, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/

 

Literal translation

Original verses by Richard Dybeck:

 

1

Thou ancient, thou free, thou mountainous North

Thou quiet, thou joyful beauty!

I greet Thee, most beautiful land upon earth,

/:Thy sun, Thy sky, Thine meadows green.:/

2

Thou throne upon memories of great olden days,

When honoured thy name flew over the world,

I know that thou art and wilt be as thou wert,

/: Yes, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic :/

 

Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)

3

I forever will serve my beloved country,

your faith until death will I swear,

Your right will I protect with mind and with hand,

/:your banner, great the feats it carries.:/

4

With God shall I struggle (fight), for home and for hearth,

for Sweden, the dear motherland.

I trade You not, for anything in the world

/: No, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic.:/

 

Royal Anthem: Kungssången

 

1. Ur svenska hjärtans djup en gång

en samfälld och en enkel sång,

som går till kungen fram!

Var honom trofast och hans ätt,

gör kronan på hans hjässa lätt,

och all din tro till honom sätt,

du folk av frejdad stam!

2. O konung, folkets majestät

är även ditt: beskärma det

och värna det från fall!

Stå oss all världens härar mot,

vi blinka ej för deras hot:

vi lägga dem inför din fot -

en kunglig fotapall.

3. Men stundar ock vårt fall en dag,

från dina skuldror purpurn tag,

lyft av dig kronans tvång

och drag de kära färger på,

det gamla gula och det blå,

och med ett svärd i handen gå

till kamp och undergång!

4. Och grip vår sista fana du

och dristeliga för ännu

i döden dina män!

Ditt trogna folk med hjältemod

skall sömma av sitt bästa blod

en kunglig purpur varm och god,

och svepa dig i den.

5. Du himlens Herre, med oss var,

som förr du med oss varit har,

och liva på vår strand

det gamla lynnets art igen

hos sveakungen och hans män.

Och låt din ande vila än

utöver nordanland!

 

Translation (Highly unofficial)

1. From the depth of Swedish hearts,

a joint and simple song,

which to the King reaches forth!

Be faithful to him and his line,

the crown upon his head, make light,

and all your faith in him invest,

you folk of high renown.

2. Oh King, the majesty of this people

Is also yours - embrace it

And protect it from decline.

Stands all the armies of the world against us,

We fear not their threat

We place them before your foot

As a royal footstool

3. If one day our fall is near

From your shoulders let the mantle fall

Remove the burden of the crown

And put on the beloved colours

The old yellow and the blue,

life the sword by the hilt and go

Towards war and doom

4. Raise our last banner in your hand

And lead your men yet

To the end and into death

Your faithful people of heroes stock,

Of their best blood, they shall sew

A royal robe, warm and pure

And shroud you in it

5. You Lord of heaven, stay with us

Just like you did in the olden days

And live on our shores

the old life and spirit

Of the Svea king and his men

And let your spirit rest

Above the Northern Land

 

Internet Page: www.sweden.gov.se

www.visitsweden.com

www.communityofsweden.com

www.sweden.se

 

Sweden in diferent languages

 

eng | cym | fry: Sweden

cos | ita | lld | roh-enb | roh-eno | roh-gri: Svezia

ast | glg | spa: Suecia

dan | nor | swe: Sverige

eus | ron | sqi: Suedia

fra | frp | jnf: Suède

arg | roh-srs: Suezia

cat | oci: Suècia

ces | slk: Švédsko

deu | ltz: Schweden / Schweden

hrv | slv: Švedska

kaa | uzb: Shvetsiya / Швеция

kin | run: Ubusuwedi

afr: Swede

aze: İsveç / Исвеч

bam: Suwɛdi

bos: Švedska / Шведска

bre: Sveden

cor: Swedherwyk; Sweden

crh: İsveçiya / Исвечия

csb: Szwedzkô

dsb: Šwedska; Šwedojska

epo: Svedujo; Svedio

est: Rootsi

fao: Svøríki

fin: Ruotsi

fur: Svezie

gag: Şveţiya / Швеция

gla: An t-Suain

gle: An tSualainn / An tSualainn

glv: Yn Toolynn

hat: Syèd

hau: Sweeden; Sweden

hsb: Šwedska

hun: Svédország

ibo: Swiden

ina: Svedia; Sveda

ind: Swedia / سويديا

isl: Svíþjóð

jav: Swedia

kal: Svenskit Nunaat; Sverige

kmr: Sûêd / Суед / سووئێد; Siwêç / Сьwеч / سوێچ; Şvêsî / Швеси / شڤێسی

kur: Swêd; Siwêd / سوێد; Svêçistan / سڤێچستان

lat: Suecia; Suetia

lav: Zviedrija

lim: Zwaede; Zwede

lin: Swési

lit: Švedija

liv: Rūotšmō

mfe: Laswed

mlg: Soeda

mlt: Svezja

mol: Suedia / Суедия

mri: Huitene

msa: Sweden / سويدن

nds: Sweden / Sweden

nld: Zweden

non: Svíþjóð; Svíaríki

nrm: Suêde

pol: Szwecja

por: Suécia

que: Suysya

rmy: Svedo / स्वेदो

rup: Suidia

sag: Süîdi

scn: Svezzia

sco: Swaden

slo: Sxvedia / Шведиа

sma: Sveerje

sme: Ruoŧŧa

smg: Švedėjė

smj: Svierik

smo: Suetena

som: Iswidhan

srd: Isvétzia

swa: Uswidi

szl: Šwecyjo

tet: Suésia

tgl: Suwesya

ton: Sueteni

tpi: Swidan

tuk: Şwesiýa / Швеция

tur: İsveç

vie: Thụy Điển

vol: Svedän

vor: Roodsi

wln: Suwede

wol: Suweed

zul: iSwidi

zza: İsweç

chu: Свеньско (Svenĭsko)

abq | alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Швеция (Švecija)

che | chv | oss: Швеци (Šveci)

mon | xal: Швед (Šved)

bak: Швеция / Şveciya

bel: Швецыя / Šviecyja; Швэцыя / Švecyja

chm: Швеций (Švecij)

kaz: Швеция / Şvecïya / شۆەتسيا

kbd: Швецие (Švecie)

mkd: Шведска (Švedska)

srp: Шведска / Švedska

tat: Исвәҗ / İsväc; Швеция / Şvetsiä

tgk: Шветсия / شوتسیه / Şvetsija

ukr: Швеція (Švecija)

ara: السويد (as-Suwīd); أسوج (Asūǧ)

ckb: سوید / S(i)wîd; سوێد / S(i)wêd

fas: سوئد / Sued; سود / Soved

prs: سویدن (Svīden)

pus: سويډن (Swīḋən); سويدن (Swīdən)

uig: شىۋېتسىيە / Shiwétsiye / Швеция

urd: سویڈن (Savīḋan); سویڈین (Savīḋen)

div: ސްވިޑްން (Sviḋn)

syr: ܣܘܝܕ (Swīd)

heb: שודיה / שוודיה (Švedyah); שבדיה (Šṿedyah)

lad: סואיסיה / Suesia

yid: שװעדן (Švedn)

amh: ስዊድን (Swidən)

ell: Σουηδία (Soyīdía)

hye: Շվեդիա (Švedia)

kat: შვედეთი (Švedeṭi); შვეცია (Švec̣ia)

hin: स्वीडन (Svīḍan); स्वीडेन (Svīḍen)

ben: সুইডেন (Suiḍen)

pan: ਸਵੀਡਨ (Svīḍan)

kan: ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ (Svīḍan)

mal: സ്വീഡന് (Svīḍan)

tam: சுவீடன் (Čuvīṭaṉ); ஸ்வீடன் (Svīṭaṉ)

tel: స్వీడన్ (Svīḍan)

zho: 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)

yue: 瑞典 (Seuihdín)

jpn: スウェーデン (Suwēden)

kor: 스웨덴 (Seuweden)

bod: སི་ཝེ་དེན་ (Si.we.den.); རུའེ་དེན་ (Ru'e.den.); རོས་ཏེན་ (Ros.ten.); སུའེ་རྡན་ (Su'e.rdan.)

dzo: སུའི་ཌན་ (Su'i.ḍan.)

mya: ဆ္ဝီဒင္ (Sʰwidĩ)

tha: สวีเดน (Sawīdēn)

lao: ຊຸຍແອດ (Suy'ǣt)

khm: ស៊ុយអែត (Suy'æt)

 

Done