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England / Inglaterra

Is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.

The Kingdom of England—which after 1284 included Wales—was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1800, Great Britain was united with Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act in 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

 

History

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_England

 

Geography

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_England

 

Other info

Oficial name:

England

 

Unified:

By Athelstan AD 927

 

Area:

130.395 km2

 

Inhabitants:

52.000.000

 

Languages: English

 

Capital city:

London

 

Meaning of the name BRITAIN :

From Pretani, "painted ones"; perhaps a reference to the use of body-paint and tattoos by early inhabitants of the islands; may also derive from the Celtic goddess Brigid[citation needed]. The form 'Britain' comes from Latin 'Britannia', probably via French. The former name of the island of Britain was Albion, an ancient Greek adaptation of a Celtic name which may survive as the Gaelic name of Scotland, Alba. Traditionally, a folk etymology derived the name from "Brutus", but this is almost certainly not the case. Brittany derives from the same root.

 

Meaning Name England :

England is named after the Angles, the largest of a number of Germanic tribes who settled in England in the fifth and sixth centuries, and who are believed to have originated in the peninsula of Angeln, in modern-day northern Germany. (The further etymology of this tribe's name remains uncertain, although a popular theory holds that it need be sought no further than the word angle itself, and refers to a fish-hook-shaped region of Holstein.)

The Angles' name has had a variety of different spellings. The earliest known reference to these people is under the Latinised version Anglii used by Tacitus in chapter 40 of his Germania, written around 98 AD. He gives no precise indication of their geographical position within Germania, but states that, together with six other tribes, they worshipped a goddess named Nerthus, whose sanctuary was situated on "an island in the Ocean."

The early 8th century historian Bede, in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People), refers to the English people as Angelfolc (in English) or Angli (in Latin).

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known usage of "England" referring the southern part of the island of Great Britain was in 897, with the modern spelling first used in 1538.

 

Description Flag:

The Flag of England is the St George's Cross. The red cross appeared in as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the Crusades and is one of the earliest known emblems representing England. It achieved status as the national flag of England during the 16th century.

Saint George became the patron saint of England in the 13th century, and the legend of Saint George slaying a dragon dates from the 12th century.

The exact origins of the Flag of England are unclear and have multiple supporting theories; though it is known that the flag appeared during the Middle Ages. It has been recorded that the first known recorded use of the St George's Cross as an emblem (but not as a flag) of England was in a roll of account relating to the Welsh War of 1275. There is a story (not generally accepted by historians) that the design was adopted by England and the City of London in 1190 to benefit from protection of the powerful Genoese navy, and that the English king paid an annual tribute to the Doge of the Republic of Genoa.

The use of a red cross on a white background was a symbol of St. George in the middle ages. This is seen, for example, in the flag of Georgia, another nation with St George as patron saint.

At the beginning of the Crusades, St George's red cross on white was already associated with England. Although the pope decided English crusaders would be distinguished by wearing a white cross on red, and French crusaders a red cross on white (German knights were allocated yellow and blue), English knights soon decided to claim instead "their" cross of red on white, like the French. As both English and French knights wore this pattern, the red cross on white became the typical crusader symbol regardless of nationality, an indirect result of its English associations.

St George's cross may not have achieved the full status of national flag until the 16th century, when all other saints' banners were abandoned during the Reformation. The earliest record of St George's flag at sea, as an English flag in conjunction with royal banners but no other saintly flags, was 1545. In the past few years the Flag of St George has become increasingly used by the English, particularly at sports events. For example, when England won the football World Cup in 1966, most of the flags waved by supporters were Union Flags. Now they have largely been supplanted by the English flag. This has led to one local council banning the wearing of the flag by their employees

 

Coat of arms:

The arms of England are not used in any official capacity on their own, although they do feature in the first and fourth quarters of the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom. However, the arms of both the Football Association and the England and Wales Cricket Board are based on the three lions design. In recent years, it has been common to see banners of the arms flown at English football matches, in the same way the Lion Rampant is flown in Scotland.

 

In 1996, Three Lions was the unofficial song of the England football team for the 1996 European Football Championship, which was held in England.

 

Motto:

"God and my right"

 

National Anthem:Proposed English National Anthems

 

Rule Britannia

 

Lyrics

1. When Britain first, at Heaven's command

Arose from out the azure main;

This was the charter of the land,

And guardian angels sung this strain:

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

2. The nations, not so blest as thee,

Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall;

While thou shalt flourish great and free,

The dread and envy of them all.

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

3. Still more majestic shalt thou rise,

More dreadful, from each foreign stroke;

As the loud blast that tears the skies,

Serves but to root thy native oak.

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

4. Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame:

All their attempts to bend thee down,

Will but arouse thy generous flame;

But work their woe, and thy renown.

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

5. To thee belongs the rural reign;

Thy cities shall with commerce shine:

All thine shall be the subject main,

And every shore it circles thine.

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

6. The Muses, still with freedom found,

Shall to thy happy coast repair;

Blest Isle! With matchless beauty crown'd,

And manly hearts to guard the fair.

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:

"Britons never will be slaves."

 

Land of Hope and Glory

 

Dear Land of Hope, thy hope is crowned.

God make thee mightier yet!

On Sov'reign brows, beloved, renowned,

Once more thy crown is set.

Thine equal laws, by Freedom gained,

Have ruled thee well and long;

By Freedom gained, by Truth maintained,

Thine Empire shall be strong.

 

Land of Hope and Glory, mother of the Free,

How shall we extol thee, who are born of thee?

Wider still and wider shall thy bounds be set;

God, who made thee mighty, make thee mightier yet.

God, who made thee mighty, make thee mightier yet.

 

Thy fame is ancient as the days,

As Ocean large and wide

A pride that dares, and heeds not praise,

A stern and silent pride

Not that false joy that dreams content

With what our sires have won;

The blood a hero sire hath spent

Still nerves a hero son.

 

Jerusalem

 

And did those feet in ancient time walk upon England’s mountains green?

And was the holy Lamb of God on England’s pleasant pastures seen?

And did the countenance divine shine forth upon our clouded hills?

And was Jerusalem builded here among these dark Satanic Mills?

 

Bring me my bow of burning gold! Bring me my arrows of desire!

Bring me my spear! O clouds, unfold! Bring me my chariot of fire!

I will not cease from mental fight, nor shall my sword sleep in my hand,

till we have built Jerusalem In England’s green and pleasant Land.

 

I Vow to Thee, My Country

 

I vow to thee, my country, all earthly things above,

Entire and whole and perfect, the service of my love;

The love that asks no question, the love that stands the test,

That lays upon the altar the dearest and the best;

The love that never falters, the love that pays the price,

The love that makes undaunted the final sacrifice.

And there's another country, I've heard of long ago,

Most dear to them that love her, most great to them that know;

We may not count her armies, we may not see her King;

Her fortress is a faithful heart, her pride is suffering;

And soul by soul and silently her shining bounds increase,

And her ways are ways of gentleness, and all her paths are peace.

 

Hearts of Oak

 

Come, cheer up, my lads, 'tis to glory we steer,

To add something more to this wonderful year;

To honour we call you, as freemen not slaves,

For who are as free as the sons of the waves?

 

CHORUS

Heart of oak are our ships, jolly tars are our men,

we always are ready; Steady, boys, steady!

We'll fight and we'll conquer again and again.

 

We ne'er see our foes but we wish them to stay,

They never see us but they wish us away;

If they run, why we follow, and run them ashore,

And if they won't fight us, we cannot do more.

 

CHORUS...

 

Internet Page: www.enjoyengland.com

www.direct.gov.uk

www.england.com

 

England in diferent languages

 

eng | dan | isl | non | nor | swe: England

hun | lat | pol | ron | rup | sqi: Anglia

ast | glg | por | spa | tet: Inglaterra

deu | ltz | nds: England / England

lav | lit | slv: Anglija

afr | nld: Engeland

arg | cat: Anglaterra

bis | tpi: Inglan

kaa | uzb: Angliya / Англия

kin | run: Ubwongereza

nso | sot: Engelane

ssw | zul: iNgilandi

tur | zza: İngiltere

acf: Langlitè

aze: İngiltərə / Инҝилтәрә

bos: Engleska / Енглеска

bre: Bro-Saoz

ces: Anglie

cor: Pow Sows

cos: Inguilterra; Inghilterra

crh: İngiltere / Ингильтере

cym: Lloegr

dsb: Engelska

epo: Anglujo; Anglio; Anglando

est: Inglismaa

eus: Ingalaterra

fao: Ongland

fin: Englanti

fra: Angleterre

frr: Ainglönj

fry: Ingelân

gla: Sasainn

gle: Sasana / Sasana

glv: Sostyn

grn: Ingyaterra

hat: Angletè

hau: Ingila

haw: ʻEnelani

hrv: Engleska

hsb: Jendźelska

ind: Inggris / ايڠڬريس

ita: Inghilterra

jav: Inggris

kal: Tuluit Nunaat; Englandi

kmr: Înglîstan / Инглистан / ئینگلیستان; Înglîzîstan / Инглизистан / ئینگلیزیستان; Anglîya / Английа / ئانگلیا; Anglêtêr / Англетер / ئانگلێتێر; Englêtêr / Әнглетер / ئەنگلێتێر

kur: Ingilistan / ئنگلستان; Îngilistan / ئینگلستان; Îngiltere / ئینگلتەرە

lij: Inghiltæra

lim: Ingeland

lin: Ingɛlandi

liv: England; Engõlmō

lld-bad: Inghiltera

lld-grd: Nghiltiera

lug: Bungereza

mlg: Angletera

mlt: Ingilterra

mol: Anglia / Англия

mri: Ingarangi

msa: Inggeris / ايڠڬريس

nrm: Angliétèrre

oci: Anglatèrra

que: Inlatirra

rmy: Angliya / आन्ग्लिया

roh-enb: Ingalterra

roh-eno: Ingialterra

roh-gri: Engalterra

roh-srs: Engheltiara; Englatiara

sag: Angelëe

sco: Ingland

slk: Anglicko

slo: Anglozem / Англозем

sme: Englánda

smg: Onglėjė

som: Ingiriis; Iglan; Inglan

stq: Änglound

swa: Uingereza

szl: Yngland

tgl: Inglatera

tly: İngilis / Ингилис

tuk: Angliýa / Англия

vie: Anh

vol: Linglän; Nelij

vor: Inglüsmaa

wln: Inglutere

xho: iNglani

alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | kum | rus | tyv: Англия (Anglija)

lbe | lez | tab: Инглис (Inglis); Англия (Anglija)

chv | mon: Англи (Angli)

abq: Англия (Angłija)

ady: Ынджылыз (Əndžələz)

bak: Англия / Angliya

bel: Англія / Anhlija; Ангельшчына / Anhielščyna

che: Англи (Angli); Ингалспачхьалкх (Ingalspačḥalq)

chm: Англий (Anglij)

kaz: Англия / Anglïya / انگليا

kbd: Инджлыз (Indžləz); Англие (Anglie)

krc: Ингилиз (Ingiliz); Англия (Anglija)

mkd: Англија (Anglija)

oss: Англис (Anglis)

srp: Енглеска / Engleska

tat: Англия / Angliä

tgk: Ангилтира / انگیلتیره / Angiltira; Англия / انگلیه / Anglija

ukr: Анґлія (Anglija)

tmh | ttq: اُونْلَتِيرْ / Onlăter

ara: إنكلترا (Inkiltirā); إنجلترا (Inǧiltirā); إنكلتيرا (Inkiltīrā); إنجلتيرا (Inǧiltīrā)

ckb: ئینگلستان / Îngilistan

fas: انگلستان / Englestân / Engelestân

prs: انگلیستان (Englīstān)

pus: انګليستان (Inglīstān); انګلستان (Inglistān)

snd: انگلنڊ (Inglanḍa)

uig: ئەڭلىيە / Engliye / Әңлийә

urd: انگلینڈ (Inglænḋ); انگلستان (Inglistān)

div: އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް (Iṅgirēsivilāt)

heb: אנגליה (Angliyah)

yid: ענגלאַנד (England)

amh: እንግሊዝ (Əngliz)

ell-dhi: Αγγλία (Agglía)

ell-kat: Ἀγγλία (Agglía)

hye: Անգլիա (Anglia)

kat: ინგლისი (Inglisi)

hin: इंग्लैंड / इंगलैंड (Iṁglæṁḍ); इंगलिस्तान (Iṁglistān)

nep: इँग्लैंड (Ĩgləiṁḍ); बेलायत (Belāyat)

ben: ইংল্যান্ড (Iṁlænḍ); ইংল্যাণ্ড (Iṁlæṇḍ)

guj: ઇંગલંડ (Iṁglaṁḍ); ઈંગલિસ્તાન (Īṁglistān)

pan: ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ (Iṁglæ̃ḍ); ਇੰਗਲਿਸਤਾਨ (Iṁglistān)

sin: එංගලන්තය (Eṁgalantaya)

kan: ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ (Iṁgleṁḍ)

mal: ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് (Iṁglaṇṭ)

tam: இங்கிலாந்து (Iṅkilāntu)

tel: ఇంగ్లండ్ (Iṁglaṁḍ)

zho: 英格兰 (Yīnggélán)

jpn: イングランド (Ingurando)

kor: 잉글랜드 (Inggeullaendeu)

bod: དབྱིན་གོ་ (dByin.go.); དབྱིན་ཇི་ (dByin.ji.); དགྱིན་གོ་ (dGyin.go.); དགྱིན་ཡུལ་ (dGyin.yul.)

mya: အင္ဂလန္ (Ĩgálã)

tha: อังกฤษ (Âṅkrit)

lao: ອັງກິດ (Âṅkit)

khm: អង់គ្លេស (Ăṅkles)

 

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Uploaded on March 12, 2010