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Turkmenistan / Türkmenistan / Түркменистан / Turquemenistão

Is a country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.

Turkmenistan's GDP growth rate of 11.5% (IMF estimate for 2007) ranks 11th in the world, but official government statistics on which this estimate is based are widely regarded as unreliable. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.

Until recently it was a single-party system; this system was considered to not meet even the most basic standards of democracy.Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (called "Türkmenbaşy" — "leader of the Turkmens") until his sudden death on December 21, 2006. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow was elected the new president on February 11, 2007.

 

History

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan

 

Geography

Please go to

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkmenistan

 

Other info

Flags

 

Oficial Name:

Turkmenostan Respublikasy

Türkmenistan Jumhuriýäti / Түркменистан Җумхурийәти

 

Independence:

Declared 1991-10-27

Recognized 1991-12-08

 

Area:

488.000km2

 

Inhabitants:

5.600.000

 

Languages:

Balochi, Western [bgn] 28,000 in Turkmenistan (1993). Alternate names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi

More information.

 

Kurmanji [kmr] 20,000 in Turkmenistan (1962 Bakaev). Around Ashkhabad. Alternate names: Khorasani Kurmanji, Kurmancî, Khorasani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish

More information.

 

Turkmen [tuk] 3,430,000 in Turkmenistan (1995). Population total all countries: 6,403,533. Ethnic population: 3,465,000 (1995). Also spoken in Afghanistan, Germany, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkey (Asia), USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Turkomans, Turkmenler, Turkmanian, Trukhmen, Trukhmeny, Turkmani. Dialects: Nokhurli, Anauli, Khasarli, Nerezim, Yomud, Teke (Tekke), Goklen, Salyr, Saryq, Esari, Cawdur. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian

More information.

 

 

Extinct languages

Chagatai [chg] Extinct. Alternate names: Chaghatay, Jagatai. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Easter

 

Capital city:

Ashgabad

 

Meaning country name:

From Turkmen and -stan. -stan as a Persian suffix means "land". Thus: "land of the Turkmen people.

 

Description Flag:

The flag of Turkmenistan was adopted on January 24, 2001. It is often described as the most detailed national flag in the world.

It features a green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to those on the flag of the United Nations; a white waxing crescent moon, typical of Turkic symbology, and five white five-pointed stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe.

The green and red colors appear in this flag because they have been venerated historically by the Turkmen. The waxing crescent moon symbolizes the hope of the country for a shining future and the stars represent the five provinces (Welayatlar) of Turkmenistan-Ahal, Balkan, Dashhowuz, Lebap, and Mary.

The five traditional carpet designs along the hoist repesent the five major tribes or houses, and form motifs in the country's state emblem and flag. These Turkmen tribes in traditional order (as well as top to bottom) are Teke (Tekke), Yomut (Yomud), Arsary (Ersary), Chowdur (Choudur), and Saryk (Saryq). The Salyr (Salor), a tribe that declined as a result of military defeat before the modern period, are not represented, nor are several smaller tribes or subtribes.

The wreath is one of the odder parts of the flag, added against the rules of heraldry and breaking up the carpet pattern. It was added as an afterthought to represent the "status of permanent neutrality," which was accepted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 12, 1995.

Before independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkmenistan had a flag similar to all other Soviet Republics, see Flag of the Turkmen SSR. After independence in 1991, Turkmenistan adopted a flag very similar to the current design, on February 19, 1992. However, the designs on the left were different. In 1997, the designs changed again before becoming the current versions in 2001.

 

Coat of arms:

The coat of arms of Turkmenistan was created after Turkmenistan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The eight-point green starburst (known as the star of Rub El Hizb (۞), a symbol of Islam, to which a majority of Turkmen profess) with golden edges features in its center a red circular disc which carries sheaves of wheat, five carpet guls, and centered upon that a smaller blue circle with a lifelike (rather than heraldized) depiction of an Akhal-Teke horse, a source of pride for the Turkmen people. A variant of the emblem, which included different colors and rounded, was used from 1992 until 2003.

The five traditional carpet motifs on the red disc represent the five major tribes or houses, and stand for the traditional and religious values of the country. These Turkmen tribes in traditional order are Teke (Tekke), Yomut (Yomud), Arsary (Ersary), Chowdur (Choudur), and Saryk (Saryq). The Salyr (Salor), a tribe that declined as a result of military defeat before the modern period, are not represented, nor are several smaller tribes or subtribes.

The green and red colors appear in this shield because they have been venerated historically by the Turkmen. The central elements are surrounded by sheaves of wheat that allude to the custom to welcome to guests with salt and bread. Atop the wheat and the red circle appear a waxing crescent moon of white, typical of Turkic symbology, and five five-pointed stars also of white. The waxing crescent moon symbolizes the hope of the country for a shining future and the stars represent the five provinces (Welayatlar) of Turkmenistan-Ahal, Balkan, Dashhowuz, Lebap, and Mary. Most of the elements of the coat of arms are present in the national flag.

Before independence from the USSR, Turkmenistan had a coat of arms similar to all other Soviet Republics. A single carpet gul, not matching any of the tribal patterns, was represented on the Coat of arms of the Turkmen SSR.

 

National Anthem: Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem

 

Turkmen lyrics

Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy

Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.

Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy

Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!

 

Janym gurban sana, erkana ýurdum

Mert pederleň ruhy bardyr könülde.

Bitarap, Garaşsyz topragyn nurdur

Baýdagyn belentdir dünýan önünde.

 

Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy

Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.

Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy

Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!

 

Gardaşdyr tireler, amandyr iller

Owal-ahyr birdir bizin ganymyz.

Harasatlar almaz, syndyrmaz siller

Nesiller döş gerip gorar şanymyz.

 

Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy,

Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.

Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy,

Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!

 

Arkamdyr bu daglar, penamdyr düzler

Ykbalym, namysym, togabym, Watan!

Sana şek ýetirse, kör bolsun gözler

Geçmişim, geljegim, dowamym, Watan!

 

English translation

The great creation of Türkmenbaşy

Native land, sovereign state

Turkmenistan, light and song of soul

Long live and prosper for ever and ever!

 

I am ready to give life for native hearth

The spirit of ancestors descendants are famous for

My land is sacred. My flag flies in the world

A symbol of the great neutral country flies.

 

The great creation of Türkmenbaşy

Native land, sovereign state

Turkmenistan, light and song of soul

Long live and prosper for ever and ever!

 

My nation is united and is veins of tribes

Ancestors' blood, undying flows

Storms and misfortunes of times are not dreadful for us

Let us increase fame and honour!

 

The great creation of Türkmenbaşy,

Native land, sovereign state

Turkmenistan, light and song of soul

Long live and prosper for ever and ever!

 

Mountains, rivers and beauty of steppes

Love and destiny, revelation of mine

Let my eyes go blind for any cruel look at you

Motherland of ancestors and heirs of mine!

 

Internet Page: www.turkmenistan.gov.tm

www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/travel/travel.html

 

Turkmenistan in diferent languages

 

eng | bre | cat | dan | dsb | eus | fao | fin | fry | hrv | hsb | ina | ita | jav | jnf | lim | lld | mlt | nld | nor | pol | ron | slv | sme | swa | swe: Turkmenistan

fur | oci | roh | rup | wln: Turcmenistan

ast | ces | glg | spa: Turkmenistán

deu | ltz | nds: Turkmenistan / Turkmeniſtan; Turkmenien / Turkmenien

kin | run | sqi: Turkmenistani

est | vor: Türkmenistan

ind | msa: Turkmenistan / توركمينستان

scn | srd: Turkmenistàn

afr: Turkmenië; Turkmenistan

arg: Turkmenistán; Turcomanistán

aze: Türkmənistan / Түркмәнистан

bam: Tirikimenisitan

bos: Turkmenistan / Туркменистан

cor: Pow Turkmen

crh: Türkmenistan / Тюркменистан

csb: Turkmenjistan

cym: Twrcmenistan

epo: Turkmenistano; Turkmenio

fra: Turkménistan

frp: Turcmènistan

gag: Türkmenistan / Тӱркменистан

gla: Turcmanastàn; Tuircmeanastan

gle: An Tuircméanastáin / An Tuircméanastáin

glv: Yn Turkmenistaan

hat: Tirkmenistan

hun: Türkmenisztán

ibo: Takmenistan

isl: Túrkmenistan

kaa: Tuʻrkmenstan / Түркменстан

kmr: Turkmênistan / Т’ӧркменьстан / تورکمێنستان; Tûrkmenîstan / Т’уркмәнистан / توورکمنیستان; Tirkemanîstan / Т’ьркәманистан / ترکەمانیستان; Tirkmenîstan / Т’ьркәманистан / ترکمەنیتان

kur: Tirkmenistan / ترکمەنستان

lat: Turcmenistania; Turkmenistania; Turcmenia; Turcomania

lav: Turkmenistāna

lin: Turkmenistáni

lit: Turkmėnistanas; Turkmėnija

mlg: Torkmenistana

mol: Turkmenistan / Туркменистан; Turkmenia / Туркмения

nrm: Turqueménîn

por: Turquemenistão; Turcomenistão; Turquemanistão; Turcomanistão; Turqueménia; Turcoménia; Turcomânia; Turquemânia; Turquimenistão; Turquimênia; Turquemênia; Turcomênia

que: Turkminsuyu

rmy: Turkmenistan / तुर्क्मेनिस्तान

slk: Turkménsko

slo: Turkmenia / Туркмениа; Turkmenzem / Туркмензем

smg: Torkmėnistans; Torkmienėjė

smo: Tekimenisitane

som: Turkumaanistaan

szl: Turkmyńistan

tet: Turkomenistaun

tgl: Turkmenya

ton: Tekimenisitani

tuk: Türkmenistan / Түркменистан

tur: Türkmenistan; Türkmeneli

uzb: Turkmaniston / Туркманистон

vie: Tuốc-mê-ni-xtan

vol: Türkmenän

wol: Turkumenistaan

zza: Tırkmenıstan

abq | alt | kom | rus | tyv | udm: Туркменистан (Turkmenistan); Туркмения (Turkmenija)

bul | kjh | kum | mkd | mon: Туркменистан (Turkmenistan)

che | chv | oss: Туркменистан (Turkmenistan); Туркмени (Turkmeni)

bak | tat: Төркмәнстан / Törkmänstan

bel: Туркменістан / Turkmienistan; Туркменія / Turkmienija; Туркмэністан / Turkmenistan; Туркмэнія / Turkmenija

chm: Туркменистан (Turkmenistan); Туркмений (Turkmenij)

kaz: Түрікменстан / Türikmenstan / تۇرىكمەنستان

kbd: Туркменистан (Turkmenistan); Туркмение (Turkmenie)

kir: Түркмөнстан (Türkmönstan)

krc: Туркменстан (Turkmenstan)

lbe: Туркманисттан (Turkmanisttan)

srp: Туркменистан / Turkmenistan

tgk: Туркманистон / ترکمنستان / Turkmaniston

ukr: Туркменістан (Turkmenistan)

ara: تركمانستان (Turkumānistān); تركمنستان (Turkumanistān)

ckb: تورکمانستان / Turkmanistan; تورکمەنستان / Turkmenistan

fas: ترکمنستان / Torkamanestân

prs: ترکمنستان (Torkmanestān)

pus: ترکمنستان (Turkmanistān)

uig: تۈركمەنىستان / Türkmenistan / Түркмәнистан

urd: ترکمانستان (Turkamānistān); ترکمنستان (Turkmanistān)

div: ޓާރްކްމަނިސްތާން (Ṫārkmanistān)

heb: תורכמניסטן (Tûrkmenîsṭan); תורכמניסטאן (Tûrkmenîsṭân); טורקמניסטן (Ṭûrqmenîsṭan); טורקמניסטאן (Ṭûrqmenîsṭân)

lad: טורקמיניסטאן / Turkmenistan

yid: טורקמעניסטאַן (Turkmenistan)

amh: ቱርክሜኒስታን (Turkmenistan)

ell: Τουρκμενιστάν (Toyrkmenistán)

hye: Թուրքմենստան (Ṭourḳmenstan); Թուրքմենիստան (Ṭourḳmenistan)

kat: თურქმენეთი (Ṭurḳmeneṭi)

hin: तुर्कमेनिस्तान (Turkmenistān); तुर्कमनिस्तान (Turkmanistān)

ben: তুর্কমেনিস্তান (Turkmenistān); তুর্কমেনিয়া (Turkmeniyā)

guj: તુર્કમનિસ્તાન (Turkmanistān)

pan: ਤੁਰਕਮਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (Turkmānistān)

kan: ತುರ್ಕ್ಮೇನಿಸ್ತಾನ್ (Turkmēnistān)

mal: തുര്ക്ക്മെനിസ്ഥാന് (Turkkmenistʰān)

tam: துருக்மெனிஸ்தான் (Turukmeṉistāṉ); துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான் (Turkmeṉistāṉ)

tel: తుర్క్మెనిస్తాన్ (Turkmenistān)

zho: 土库曼斯坦 (Tǔkùmànsītǎn)

jpn: トルクメニスタン (Torukumenisutan)

kor: 투르크메니스탄 (Tureukeumeniseutan)

mya: တပ္မင္နစ္စတန္ (Taʿmĩniʿstã)

tha: เติร์กเมนิสถาน (Tə̄[r]kmēnittʰān)

lao: ຕວຽກເມນີ (Twaẏkmēnī); ຕຸກເມເນຍ (Tukmēniya)

khm: ទួគមេនីស្តង់ (Tuakmenīstăṅ); ទួរមេនីស្តង់ (Tuarmenīstăṅ)

 

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Uploaded on March 12, 2010