Magyarország / Hungary / Hungria
Is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of EU, NATO, OECD, V4 and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, which is part of the Finno-Ugric family, thus one of the four official languages of the European Union that are not of Indo-European origin.
Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 BC – c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian ruler Árpád, whose great-grandson Stephen I of Hungary was crowned with a crown sent from Rome by the pope in 1000. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world. The Battle of Mohács resulted in Ottoman occupation, followed by an integration into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituting half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy. A great power until the end of World War I, Hungary lost over 70% of its territory, along with 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity, under the Treaty of Trianon, the terms of which have been considered excessively harsh by many in Hungary. The kingdom was succeeded by a Communist era (1947–1989) during which Hungary gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal move of opening its border with Austria in 1989, thus accelerating the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The present form of government is a parliamentary republic (since 1989). Today, Hungary is a high-income economy, and a regional leader regarding certain markers.
Hungary is ranked 20th globally (out of 194 countries) on International Living's Quality of Life index (2010) and 6th in an environmental protection index by GW/CAN. Until recently, it was also listed as one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The country is home to the largest thermal water cave system and the second largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grasslands in Europe (Hortobágy).
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary#History
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary
Other info
Oficial name:
Magyar Köztársaság
Foundation: Kingdom of Hungary December 1000
Area:
93.030 km2
Inhabitants:
10.500.000
Languages:
Magyar
Bavarian [bar] 170,000. Alternate names: Bayerisch, Bavarian-Austrian. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Upper German, Bavarian-Austrian
More information.
Croatian [hrv] 32,130 in Hungary (1986). Southern border area. Dialects: Croatian, Serbian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
More information.
German, Standard [deu] 250,000 in Hungary (1988 Hawkins in B. Comrie). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German
More information.
Hungarian [hun] 10,298,820 in Hungary (1995). Population total all countries: 13,611,600. Also spoken in Australia, Austria, Canada, Israel, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Magyar. Dialects: Alfold, West Danube, Danube-Tisza, King's Pass Hungarian, Northeast Hungarian, Northwest Hungarian, Székely, West Hungarian. Closest to Vogul (Mansi) of Russia. Speakers of Standard Hungarian have difficulty understanding Oberwart dialect. Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric, Hungarian
More information.
Hungarian Sign Language [hsh] 60,000 deaf (1999 National Association for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing). Used throughout Hungary. May also be used in western Romania. Alternate names: Magyar Jelnyelv. Dialects: Budapest, Sopron, Miskolc, Debrecen, Szeged, Eger. Related to Austrian Sign Language and German Sign Language. May be related to Yugoslavian Sign Language. Dialects have some different signs for lexical items, similar or same grammar. Classification: Deaf sign language
More information.
Romani, Balkan [rmn] In Hungary, 150,000 Gypsies speak a variety of Romani as first language (1995 Z. Réger). Ethnic population: 450,000 to 800,000 all Gypsies in Hungary. Alternate names: Cigány. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
More information.
Romani, Carpathian [rmc] 3,000 in Hungary (1980 UBS). Three divisions are recognized: Nograd County north of Budapest, overlapping into Slovakia; in Budapest and towns along the Danube such as Baja, Dunaszekcso, Kalocsa, Mohacs, Pecs, and Versend as far south as the Yugoslav border; and travelers with carnivals, as knife grinders, horse dealers, and brick makers. One dialect is in east Hungary, south Poland, and Galicia; another in Transylvania, Romania; others in Czech Republic and Slovakia; Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Cigány. Dialects: Galician, Transylvanian. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Sinte [rmo] Eastern Hungary. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Vlax [rmy] 20,932 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Gypsy, Tsigene, Cigány, Romungre. Dialects: Lovari, Churari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
More information.
Romanian [ron] 100,000 in Hungary (1995 Iosif Bena). Alternate names: Rumanian, Daco-Romanian, Moldavian. Dialects: Bayash Romanian. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
More information.
Slovak [slk] 11,562 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak
More information.
Slovenian [slv] 4,984 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Near Slovenian border. Alternate names: Slovene. Dialects: Prekmurski. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
Capital city:
Budapeste
Meaning country name:
Turkic: on-ogur, "(people of the) ten arrows" — in other words, "alliance of the ten tribes". Byzantine chronicles gave this name to the Hungarians; the chroniclers mistakenly assumed that the Hungarians had Turkic origins, based on their Turkic-nomadic customs and appearance, despite the Finno-Ugric language of the people. The Hungarian tribes later actually formed an alliance of the seven Hungarian and three Khazarian tribes, but the name originates from the time before this, and first applied to the original seven Hungarian tribes. The ethnonym Hunni (referring to the Huns) has influenced the Latin (and English) spelling.
Uhorshchyna (Угорщина, Ukrainian), Vuhorščyna (Вугоршчына, Belarusian), Węgry (Polish), Wędżierskô (Kashubian), and Ugre in Old Russian: from the Turkic "on-ogur", see above. The same root emerges in the ethnonym Yugra, a people living in Siberia and distantly related to Hungarians.
Magyarország (native name - land of the Magyars): According to a famous Hungarian chronicle (Simon of Kéza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282), Magyar (Magor), the forefather of all Hungarians, had a brother named Hunor (the ancestor of the Huns); their father king Menrot, builder of the tower of Babel, equates to the Nimrod of the Hebrew Bible.
The Turkish language uses Macaristan, a compound derived from a Turkish spelling of Magyar and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "country".
Description Flag:
Today's flag of Hungary stems from the national freedom movement before 1848 which climaxed in the 1848/49 revolution, which was not only a revolution against the monarchy and to constitute a republic, but also a national movement against the Habsburgs. Thus, the tricolour feature of the flag is based on the French flag and the ideas of French revolution, while the colours red, white and green were taken from the historical coat of arms. The coat of arms first appeared in the form, which is but for minor details basically the same as nowadays in the mid-15th century, marshalled from arms that first appeared in the late-12th and early-13th century as arms of the Árpáds, Hungary's founding dynasty.
In sum, the Hungarian flag has its origins in the national republican movements of the 18th-19th century (concerning its form, the tricolour) and in the Hungary of the Middle Ages (concerning its colours).
Folklore of the romantic period attributed the colours to virtues: red for strength, white for faithfulness and green for hope. Alternatively, red for the blood spilled for the fatherland, white for freedom and green for the land, for the pastures of Hungary.
Coat of arms:
The current coat of arms of Hungary was adopted in July 1990, after the end of the Communist regime.
The arms have been used before, both with and without the crown of St. Stephen, sometimes as part of a larger, more complex coat of arms, and many of its elements date back to the Middle Ages.
It is usually said that the silver stripes represent four rivers (Duna, Tisza, Dráva, Száva) and the hills represent three mountain ranges (Mátra, Tátra, Fátra), but this theory is historically unfounded.
The coat of arms also features the double cross on the right side similarly to the Coat of arms of Slovakia
Motto:
Historically Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latin)
"Kingdom of Mary the Patroness of Hungary"
National Anthem: Himnuz
Magyar -Hungarian
Isten, áldd meg a magyart
Jó kedvvel, bőséggel,
Nyújts feléje védő kart,
Ha küzd ellenséggel;
Bal sors akit régen tép,
Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
Megbűnhődte már e nép
A múltat s jövendőt!
Őseinket felhozád
Kárpát szent bércére,
Általad nyert szép hazát
Bendegúznak vére.
S merre zúgnak habjai
Tiszának, Dunának,
Árpád hős magzatjai
Felvirágozának.
Értünk Kunság mezein
Ért kalászt lengettél,
Tokaj szőlővesszein
Nektárt csepegtettél.
Zászlónk gyakran plántálád
Vad török sáncára,
S nyögte Mátyás bús hadát
Bécsnek büszke vára.
Hajh, de bűneink miatt
Gyúlt harag kebledben,
S elsújtád villámidat
Dörgő fellegedben,
Most rabló mongol nyilát
Zúgattad felettünk,
Majd töröktől rabigát
Vállainkra vettünk.
Hányszor zengett ajkain
Ozmán vad népének
Vert hadunk csonthalmain
Győzedelmi ének!
Hányszor támadt tenfiad
Szép hazám, kebledre,
S lettél magzatod miatt
Magzatod hamvvedre!
Bújt az üldözött, s felé
Kard nyúlt barlangjában,
Szerte nézett s nem lelé
Honját e hazában,
Bércre hág és völgybe száll,
Bú s kétség mellette,
Vérözön lábainál,
S lángtenger fölette.
Vár állott, most kőhalom,
Kedv s öröm röpkedtek,
Halálhörgés, siralom
Zajlik már helyettek.
S ah, szabadság nem virúl
A holtnak véréből,
Kínzó rabság könnye hull
Árvák hő szeméből!
Szánd meg Isten a magyart
Kit vészek hányának,
Nyújts feléje védő kart
Tengerén kínjának.
Bal sors akit régen tép,
Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
Megbűnhődte már e nép
A múltat s jövendőt!
English
O Lord, bless the nation of Hungary
With your grace and bounty
Extend over it your guarding arm
During strife with its enemies
Long torn by ill fate
Bring upon it a time of relief
This nation has suffered for all sins
Of the past and of the future!
You brought our ancestors up
Over the Carpathians' holy peaks
By You was won a beautiful homeland
For Bendeguz's sons
And wherever flow the rivers of
The Tisza and the Danube
Árpád our hero's descendants
Will root and bloom.
For us on the plains of the Kuns
You ripened the wheat
In the grape fields of Tokaj
You dripped sweet nectar
Our flag you often planted
On the wild Turk's earthworks
And under Mátyás' grave army whimpered
Vienna's "proud fort."
Alas, but for our sins
Anger gathered in Your bosom
And You struck with Your lightning
From Your thundering clouds
Now the plundering Mongols' arrows
You swarmed over us
Then the Turks' slave yoke
We took upon our shoulders.
How often came from the mouths
Of Osman's barbarian nation
Over the corpses of our defeated army
A victory song!
How often did your own son agress
My homeland, upon your breast,
And you became because of your own sons
Your own sons' funeral urn!
The fugitive hid, and towards him
The sword reached into his cave
Looking everywhere he could not find
His home in his homeland
Climbs the mountain, descends the valley
Sadness and despair his companions
Sea of blood beneath his feet
Ocean of flame above.
Castle stood, now a heap of stones
Happiness and joy fluttered,
Groans of death, weeping
Now sound in their place.
And Ah! Freedom does not bloom
From the blood of the dead,
Torturous slavery's tears fall
From the burning eyes of the orphans!
Pity, O Lord, the Hungarians
Who are tossed by waves of danger
Extend over it your guarding arm
On the sea of its misery
Long torn by ill fate
Bring upon it a time of relief
They who have suffered for all sins
Of the past and of the future!
Internet Page: www.keh.hu
Hungary in diferent languages
eng: Hungary
bre | eus | ina | lat | sqi | swa: Hungaria
lld | roh-enb | roh-gri | roh-srs | ron | rup: Ungaria
ast | glg | spa: Hungría
cos | ita | srd: Ungheria
dan | fao | nor: Ungarn
deu | ltz | nds: Ungarn / Ungarn
fra | frp | jnf: Hongrie
cat | mlg: Hongria
ces | slk: Maďarsko
cor | tpi: Hungari
est | vor: Ungari
fry | nld: Hongarije
gag | kaa: Vengriya / Венгрия
kin | run: Hungariya
afr: Hongarye
arg: Ongría; Ongaría
aze: Macarıstan / Маҹарыстан
bam: Ongiri
bos: Mađarska / Мађарска
crh: Macaristan / Маджаристан
csb: Wędżierskô; Madżarskô
cym: Hwngari
dsb: Hungorska
epo: Hungarujo; Hungario
fin: Unkari
fur: Ongjarie; Ungjarie
gla: An Ungair
gle: An Ungáir / An Ungáir
glv: Yn Ungaar
hat: Ongri
hau: Hangare; Hungary
hrv: Mađarska
hsb: Madźarska
hun: Magyarország
ibo: Họṅgari
ind: Hongaria / هوڠڬاريا
isl: Ungverjaland
jav: Hongaria
kal: Ungarni
kmr: Macaristan / Мащарьстан / ماجارستان; Macarîstan / Мащаристан / ماجاریستان; Mecerîstan / Мәщәристан / مەجەریستان; Hûngarîstan / Һунгаристан / هوونگاریستان; Hûngarî / Һунгари / هوونگاری
kur: Macaristan / ماجارستان; Meceristan / مەجەرستان; Hungarya / هونگاریا
lav: Ungārija
lim: Hongarieë
lin: Ungri
lit: Vengrija
liv: Ungārmō
mlt: Ungerija
mol: Ungaria / Унгария
mri: Hanekeria
msa: Hungary / هوڠڬاري
nah: Maquiyacan
nrm: Houngrie
oci: Ongria
pol: Węgry
por: Hungria
que: Unriya
rmy: Ungariya / उन्गारिया; Magyariya / माग्यारिया
roh-eno: Ungiaria
scn: Unghiria
slo: Madaria / Мадариа; Madarzem / Мадарзем
slv: Madžarska
sme: Uŋgár; Hungária
smg: Vengrėjė
smo: Hanikeri
som: Hangeri
swe: Ungern
szl: Madźary; Wyngry
tet: Ungria
tgl: Unggarya; Unggariya
ton: Hungali
tuk: Wengriýa / Венгрия
tur: Macaristan
uzb: Mojoriston / Моҷористон; Vengriya / Венгрия
vie: Hung Gia Lợi; Hung-ga-ri
vol: Macarän
wln: Hongreye
wol: Oonguri
zza: Macarıstan
abq | alt | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Венгрия (Vengrija)
che | chv | oss: Венгри (Vengri)
bak: Венгрия / Vengriya
bel: Венгрыя / Vienhryja; Вугоршчына / Vuhorščyna; Вэнгрыя / Venhryja
bul: Унгария (Ungarija)
chm: Венгрий (Vengrij)
kaz: Венгрия / Vengrïya / ۆەنگريا; Мажарстан / Majarstan / ماجارستان
kbd: Венгрие (Vengrie)
mkd: Унгарија (Ungarija)
mon: Унгар (Ungar); Мажар (Maǧar)
srp: Мађарска / Mađarska
tat: Маҗарстан / Macarstan
tgk: Маҷористон / مجارستان / Maçoriston; Венгрия / ونگریه / Vengrija
ukr: Угорщина (Uhorščyna)
xal: Венгрь (Vengr')
ara: هنغاريا (Hunġāriyā); هنجاريا (Hungāriyā); المجر (al-Maǧar)
fas: مجارستان / Majârestân; هنگری / Hongri
prs: مجارستان (Majārestān); هنگری (Hangarī)
pus: مجارستان (Majāristān); هنګري (Hangərī); هڼري (Haṅərī)
uig: ۋېنگرىيە / Wén’griye / Венгрия
urd: ہنگری (Hangarī)
div: ހަނގަރީ (Haṅgarī); ހަންގޭރީ (Hangērī)
syr: ܡܓܪ (Magar)
heb: הונגריה (Hûngaryah); הונגאריה (Hûngâryah)
lad: אונגריה / Ungria
yid: אונגערן (Ungern); אונגאַרן (Ungarn)
amh: ሀንጋሪ (Hăngari); ሁንጋሪያ (Hungariya)
ell-dhi: Ουγγαρία (Oyggaría)
ell-kat: Οὑγγαρία (Houggaría)
hye: Հունգարիա (Houngaria)
kat: უნგრეთი (Ungreṭi)
hin: हंगरी (Haṁgarī); हंगेरी (Haṁgerī)
mar: हंगेरी (Haṁgerī)
ben: হাঙ্গেরি (Hāṅgeri); হাঙ্গেরী (Hāṅgerī)
pan: ਹੰਗਰੀ (Haṁgarī)
kan: ಹಂಗೇರಿ (Haṁgēri)
mal: ഹംഗറി (Haṁgaṟi)
tam: ஹங்கேரி (Haṅkēri)
tel: హంగేరీ (Haṁgērī)
zho: 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì)
yue: 匈牙利 (Hùngngàhleih)
jpn: ハンガリー (Hangarī)
kor: 헝가리 (Heonggari)
bod: ཧན་ག་རི་ (Han.ga.ri.); ཧང་ག་རི་ (Haṅ.ga.ri.); ཧུང་ག་རི་ (Huṅ.ga.ri.); ཞུང་ཡ་ལི་ (Žuṅ.ya.li.); ཤུང་ཡ་ལི་ (Šuṅ.ya.li.)
mya: ဟန္ဂေရီ (Hãgeẏi)
tha: ฮังการี (Hâṅkārī)
lao: ຮົງກຣີ (Hôṅklī)
khm: ហុងគ្រី (Huṅkrī)
Magyarország / Hungary / Hungria
Is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of EU, NATO, OECD, V4 and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, which is part of the Finno-Ugric family, thus one of the four official languages of the European Union that are not of Indo-European origin.
Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 BC – c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian ruler Árpád, whose great-grandson Stephen I of Hungary was crowned with a crown sent from Rome by the pope in 1000. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world. The Battle of Mohács resulted in Ottoman occupation, followed by an integration into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituting half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy. A great power until the end of World War I, Hungary lost over 70% of its territory, along with 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity, under the Treaty of Trianon, the terms of which have been considered excessively harsh by many in Hungary. The kingdom was succeeded by a Communist era (1947–1989) during which Hungary gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal move of opening its border with Austria in 1989, thus accelerating the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The present form of government is a parliamentary republic (since 1989). Today, Hungary is a high-income economy, and a regional leader regarding certain markers.
Hungary is ranked 20th globally (out of 194 countries) on International Living's Quality of Life index (2010) and 6th in an environmental protection index by GW/CAN. Until recently, it was also listed as one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The country is home to the largest thermal water cave system and the second largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grasslands in Europe (Hortobágy).
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary#History
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary
Other info
Oficial name:
Magyar Köztársaság
Foundation: Kingdom of Hungary December 1000
Area:
93.030 km2
Inhabitants:
10.500.000
Languages:
Magyar
Bavarian [bar] 170,000. Alternate names: Bayerisch, Bavarian-Austrian. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Upper German, Bavarian-Austrian
More information.
Croatian [hrv] 32,130 in Hungary (1986). Southern border area. Dialects: Croatian, Serbian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
More information.
German, Standard [deu] 250,000 in Hungary (1988 Hawkins in B. Comrie). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German
More information.
Hungarian [hun] 10,298,820 in Hungary (1995). Population total all countries: 13,611,600. Also spoken in Australia, Austria, Canada, Israel, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Magyar. Dialects: Alfold, West Danube, Danube-Tisza, King's Pass Hungarian, Northeast Hungarian, Northwest Hungarian, Székely, West Hungarian. Closest to Vogul (Mansi) of Russia. Speakers of Standard Hungarian have difficulty understanding Oberwart dialect. Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric, Hungarian
More information.
Hungarian Sign Language [hsh] 60,000 deaf (1999 National Association for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing). Used throughout Hungary. May also be used in western Romania. Alternate names: Magyar Jelnyelv. Dialects: Budapest, Sopron, Miskolc, Debrecen, Szeged, Eger. Related to Austrian Sign Language and German Sign Language. May be related to Yugoslavian Sign Language. Dialects have some different signs for lexical items, similar or same grammar. Classification: Deaf sign language
More information.
Romani, Balkan [rmn] In Hungary, 150,000 Gypsies speak a variety of Romani as first language (1995 Z. Réger). Ethnic population: 450,000 to 800,000 all Gypsies in Hungary. Alternate names: Cigány. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
More information.
Romani, Carpathian [rmc] 3,000 in Hungary (1980 UBS). Three divisions are recognized: Nograd County north of Budapest, overlapping into Slovakia; in Budapest and towns along the Danube such as Baja, Dunaszekcso, Kalocsa, Mohacs, Pecs, and Versend as far south as the Yugoslav border; and travelers with carnivals, as knife grinders, horse dealers, and brick makers. One dialect is in east Hungary, south Poland, and Galicia; another in Transylvania, Romania; others in Czech Republic and Slovakia; Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Cigány. Dialects: Galician, Transylvanian. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Sinte [rmo] Eastern Hungary. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Vlax [rmy] 20,932 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Gypsy, Tsigene, Cigány, Romungre. Dialects: Lovari, Churari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
More information.
Romanian [ron] 100,000 in Hungary (1995 Iosif Bena). Alternate names: Rumanian, Daco-Romanian, Moldavian. Dialects: Bayash Romanian. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern
More information.
Slovak [slk] 11,562 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak
More information.
Slovenian [slv] 4,984 in Hungary (2000 WCD). Near Slovenian border. Alternate names: Slovene. Dialects: Prekmurski. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western
Capital city:
Budapeste
Meaning country name:
Turkic: on-ogur, "(people of the) ten arrows" — in other words, "alliance of the ten tribes". Byzantine chronicles gave this name to the Hungarians; the chroniclers mistakenly assumed that the Hungarians had Turkic origins, based on their Turkic-nomadic customs and appearance, despite the Finno-Ugric language of the people. The Hungarian tribes later actually formed an alliance of the seven Hungarian and three Khazarian tribes, but the name originates from the time before this, and first applied to the original seven Hungarian tribes. The ethnonym Hunni (referring to the Huns) has influenced the Latin (and English) spelling.
Uhorshchyna (Угорщина, Ukrainian), Vuhorščyna (Вугоршчына, Belarusian), Węgry (Polish), Wędżierskô (Kashubian), and Ugre in Old Russian: from the Turkic "on-ogur", see above. The same root emerges in the ethnonym Yugra, a people living in Siberia and distantly related to Hungarians.
Magyarország (native name - land of the Magyars): According to a famous Hungarian chronicle (Simon of Kéza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282), Magyar (Magor), the forefather of all Hungarians, had a brother named Hunor (the ancestor of the Huns); their father king Menrot, builder of the tower of Babel, equates to the Nimrod of the Hebrew Bible.
The Turkish language uses Macaristan, a compound derived from a Turkish spelling of Magyar and the Persian suffix -stan meaning "country".
Description Flag:
Today's flag of Hungary stems from the national freedom movement before 1848 which climaxed in the 1848/49 revolution, which was not only a revolution against the monarchy and to constitute a republic, but also a national movement against the Habsburgs. Thus, the tricolour feature of the flag is based on the French flag and the ideas of French revolution, while the colours red, white and green were taken from the historical coat of arms. The coat of arms first appeared in the form, which is but for minor details basically the same as nowadays in the mid-15th century, marshalled from arms that first appeared in the late-12th and early-13th century as arms of the Árpáds, Hungary's founding dynasty.
In sum, the Hungarian flag has its origins in the national republican movements of the 18th-19th century (concerning its form, the tricolour) and in the Hungary of the Middle Ages (concerning its colours).
Folklore of the romantic period attributed the colours to virtues: red for strength, white for faithfulness and green for hope. Alternatively, red for the blood spilled for the fatherland, white for freedom and green for the land, for the pastures of Hungary.
Coat of arms:
The current coat of arms of Hungary was adopted in July 1990, after the end of the Communist regime.
The arms have been used before, both with and without the crown of St. Stephen, sometimes as part of a larger, more complex coat of arms, and many of its elements date back to the Middle Ages.
It is usually said that the silver stripes represent four rivers (Duna, Tisza, Dráva, Száva) and the hills represent three mountain ranges (Mátra, Tátra, Fátra), but this theory is historically unfounded.
The coat of arms also features the double cross on the right side similarly to the Coat of arms of Slovakia
Motto:
Historically Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latin)
"Kingdom of Mary the Patroness of Hungary"
National Anthem: Himnuz
Magyar -Hungarian
Isten, áldd meg a magyart
Jó kedvvel, bőséggel,
Nyújts feléje védő kart,
Ha küzd ellenséggel;
Bal sors akit régen tép,
Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
Megbűnhődte már e nép
A múltat s jövendőt!
Őseinket felhozád
Kárpát szent bércére,
Általad nyert szép hazát
Bendegúznak vére.
S merre zúgnak habjai
Tiszának, Dunának,
Árpád hős magzatjai
Felvirágozának.
Értünk Kunság mezein
Ért kalászt lengettél,
Tokaj szőlővesszein
Nektárt csepegtettél.
Zászlónk gyakran plántálád
Vad török sáncára,
S nyögte Mátyás bús hadát
Bécsnek büszke vára.
Hajh, de bűneink miatt
Gyúlt harag kebledben,
S elsújtád villámidat
Dörgő fellegedben,
Most rabló mongol nyilát
Zúgattad felettünk,
Majd töröktől rabigát
Vállainkra vettünk.
Hányszor zengett ajkain
Ozmán vad népének
Vert hadunk csonthalmain
Győzedelmi ének!
Hányszor támadt tenfiad
Szép hazám, kebledre,
S lettél magzatod miatt
Magzatod hamvvedre!
Bújt az üldözött, s felé
Kard nyúlt barlangjában,
Szerte nézett s nem lelé
Honját e hazában,
Bércre hág és völgybe száll,
Bú s kétség mellette,
Vérözön lábainál,
S lángtenger fölette.
Vár állott, most kőhalom,
Kedv s öröm röpkedtek,
Halálhörgés, siralom
Zajlik már helyettek.
S ah, szabadság nem virúl
A holtnak véréből,
Kínzó rabság könnye hull
Árvák hő szeméből!
Szánd meg Isten a magyart
Kit vészek hányának,
Nyújts feléje védő kart
Tengerén kínjának.
Bal sors akit régen tép,
Hozz rá víg esztendőt,
Megbűnhődte már e nép
A múltat s jövendőt!
English
O Lord, bless the nation of Hungary
With your grace and bounty
Extend over it your guarding arm
During strife with its enemies
Long torn by ill fate
Bring upon it a time of relief
This nation has suffered for all sins
Of the past and of the future!
You brought our ancestors up
Over the Carpathians' holy peaks
By You was won a beautiful homeland
For Bendeguz's sons
And wherever flow the rivers of
The Tisza and the Danube
Árpád our hero's descendants
Will root and bloom.
For us on the plains of the Kuns
You ripened the wheat
In the grape fields of Tokaj
You dripped sweet nectar
Our flag you often planted
On the wild Turk's earthworks
And under Mátyás' grave army whimpered
Vienna's "proud fort."
Alas, but for our sins
Anger gathered in Your bosom
And You struck with Your lightning
From Your thundering clouds
Now the plundering Mongols' arrows
You swarmed over us
Then the Turks' slave yoke
We took upon our shoulders.
How often came from the mouths
Of Osman's barbarian nation
Over the corpses of our defeated army
A victory song!
How often did your own son agress
My homeland, upon your breast,
And you became because of your own sons
Your own sons' funeral urn!
The fugitive hid, and towards him
The sword reached into his cave
Looking everywhere he could not find
His home in his homeland
Climbs the mountain, descends the valley
Sadness and despair his companions
Sea of blood beneath his feet
Ocean of flame above.
Castle stood, now a heap of stones
Happiness and joy fluttered,
Groans of death, weeping
Now sound in their place.
And Ah! Freedom does not bloom
From the blood of the dead,
Torturous slavery's tears fall
From the burning eyes of the orphans!
Pity, O Lord, the Hungarians
Who are tossed by waves of danger
Extend over it your guarding arm
On the sea of its misery
Long torn by ill fate
Bring upon it a time of relief
They who have suffered for all sins
Of the past and of the future!
Internet Page: www.keh.hu
Hungary in diferent languages
eng: Hungary
bre | eus | ina | lat | sqi | swa: Hungaria
lld | roh-enb | roh-gri | roh-srs | ron | rup: Ungaria
ast | glg | spa: Hungría
cos | ita | srd: Ungheria
dan | fao | nor: Ungarn
deu | ltz | nds: Ungarn / Ungarn
fra | frp | jnf: Hongrie
cat | mlg: Hongria
ces | slk: Maďarsko
cor | tpi: Hungari
est | vor: Ungari
fry | nld: Hongarije
gag | kaa: Vengriya / Венгрия
kin | run: Hungariya
afr: Hongarye
arg: Ongría; Ongaría
aze: Macarıstan / Маҹарыстан
bam: Ongiri
bos: Mađarska / Мађарска
crh: Macaristan / Маджаристан
csb: Wędżierskô; Madżarskô
cym: Hwngari
dsb: Hungorska
epo: Hungarujo; Hungario
fin: Unkari
fur: Ongjarie; Ungjarie
gla: An Ungair
gle: An Ungáir / An Ungáir
glv: Yn Ungaar
hat: Ongri
hau: Hangare; Hungary
hrv: Mađarska
hsb: Madźarska
hun: Magyarország
ibo: Họṅgari
ind: Hongaria / هوڠڬاريا
isl: Ungverjaland
jav: Hongaria
kal: Ungarni
kmr: Macaristan / Мащарьстан / ماجارستان; Macarîstan / Мащаристан / ماجاریستان; Mecerîstan / Мәщәристан / مەجەریستان; Hûngarîstan / Һунгаристан / هوونگاریستان; Hûngarî / Һунгари / هوونگاری
kur: Macaristan / ماجارستان; Meceristan / مەجەرستان; Hungarya / هونگاریا
lav: Ungārija
lim: Hongarieë
lin: Ungri
lit: Vengrija
liv: Ungārmō
mlt: Ungerija
mol: Ungaria / Унгария
mri: Hanekeria
msa: Hungary / هوڠڬاري
nah: Maquiyacan
nrm: Houngrie
oci: Ongria
pol: Węgry
por: Hungria
que: Unriya
rmy: Ungariya / उन्गारिया; Magyariya / माग्यारिया
roh-eno: Ungiaria
scn: Unghiria
slo: Madaria / Мадариа; Madarzem / Мадарзем
slv: Madžarska
sme: Uŋgár; Hungária
smg: Vengrėjė
smo: Hanikeri
som: Hangeri
swe: Ungern
szl: Madźary; Wyngry
tet: Ungria
tgl: Unggarya; Unggariya
ton: Hungali
tuk: Wengriýa / Венгрия
tur: Macaristan
uzb: Mojoriston / Моҷористон; Vengriya / Венгрия
vie: Hung Gia Lợi; Hung-ga-ri
vol: Macarän
wln: Hongreye
wol: Oonguri
zza: Macarıstan
abq | alt | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Венгрия (Vengrija)
che | chv | oss: Венгри (Vengri)
bak: Венгрия / Vengriya
bel: Венгрыя / Vienhryja; Вугоршчына / Vuhorščyna; Вэнгрыя / Venhryja
bul: Унгария (Ungarija)
chm: Венгрий (Vengrij)
kaz: Венгрия / Vengrïya / ۆەنگريا; Мажарстан / Majarstan / ماجارستان
kbd: Венгрие (Vengrie)
mkd: Унгарија (Ungarija)
mon: Унгар (Ungar); Мажар (Maǧar)
srp: Мађарска / Mađarska
tat: Маҗарстан / Macarstan
tgk: Маҷористон / مجارستان / Maçoriston; Венгрия / ونگریه / Vengrija
ukr: Угорщина (Uhorščyna)
xal: Венгрь (Vengr')
ara: هنغاريا (Hunġāriyā); هنجاريا (Hungāriyā); المجر (al-Maǧar)
fas: مجارستان / Majârestân; هنگری / Hongri
prs: مجارستان (Majārestān); هنگری (Hangarī)
pus: مجارستان (Majāristān); هنګري (Hangərī); هڼري (Haṅərī)
uig: ۋېنگرىيە / Wén’griye / Венгрия
urd: ہنگری (Hangarī)
div: ހަނގަރީ (Haṅgarī); ހަންގޭރީ (Hangērī)
syr: ܡܓܪ (Magar)
heb: הונגריה (Hûngaryah); הונגאריה (Hûngâryah)
lad: אונגריה / Ungria
yid: אונגערן (Ungern); אונגאַרן (Ungarn)
amh: ሀንጋሪ (Hăngari); ሁንጋሪያ (Hungariya)
ell-dhi: Ουγγαρία (Oyggaría)
ell-kat: Οὑγγαρία (Houggaría)
hye: Հունգարիա (Houngaria)
kat: უნგრეთი (Ungreṭi)
hin: हंगरी (Haṁgarī); हंगेरी (Haṁgerī)
mar: हंगेरी (Haṁgerī)
ben: হাঙ্গেরি (Hāṅgeri); হাঙ্গেরী (Hāṅgerī)
pan: ਹੰਗਰੀ (Haṁgarī)
kan: ಹಂಗೇರಿ (Haṁgēri)
mal: ഹംഗറി (Haṁgaṟi)
tam: ஹங்கேரி (Haṅkēri)
tel: హంగేరీ (Haṁgērī)
zho: 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì)
yue: 匈牙利 (Hùngngàhleih)
jpn: ハンガリー (Hangarī)
kor: 헝가리 (Heonggari)
bod: ཧན་ག་རི་ (Han.ga.ri.); ཧང་ག་རི་ (Haṅ.ga.ri.); ཧུང་ག་རི་ (Huṅ.ga.ri.); ཞུང་ཡ་ལི་ (Žuṅ.ya.li.); ཤུང་ཡ་ལི་ (Šuṅ.ya.li.)
mya: ဟန္ဂေရီ (Hãgeẏi)
tha: ฮังการี (Hâṅkārī)
lao: ຮົງກຣີ (Hôṅklī)
khm: ហុងគ្រី (Huṅkrī)