Mexico / México
Is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory, which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain which would eventually become Mexico as the colony gained independence in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, territorial secession and civil war, including foreign intervention, two empires and two long domestic dictatorships. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI).
As a regional power and currently the only Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since 1994, Mexico is firmly established as an upper middle-income country, and is considered a newly industrialized country and an emerging power . It has the 13th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico
Geography
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Mexico
Other info
Flags and coat of arms from states
Oficial name:
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Independence:
Declared September 16, 1810
- Recognized September 27, 1821
Area:
1.958.201 km2
Inhabitants:
106.090.000
Languages:
Afro-Seminole Creole Amuzgo, Guerrero Amuzgo, Ipalapa Amuzgo, San Pedro Amuzgos Chatino, Eastern Highland Chatino, Nopala Chatino, Tataltepec Chatino, Western Highland Chatino, Zacatepec Chatino, Zenzontepec Chiapanec Chichimeca-Jonaz Chinantec, Chiltepec Chinantec, Comaltepec Chinantec, Lalana Chinantec, Lealao Chinantec, Ojitlán Chinantec, Ozumacín Chinantec, Palantla Chinantec, Quiotepec Chinantec, Sochiapan Chinantec, Tepetotutla Chinantec, Tepinapa Chinantec, Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec, Usila Chinantec, Valle Nacional Chochotec Chol, Tila Chol, Tumbalá Chontal, Highland Oaxaca Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca Chontal, Tabasco Chuj, Ixtatán Cocopa Cora, El Nayar Cora, Santa Teresa Cuicatec, Tepeuxila Cuicatec, Teutila Huarijio Huastec, San Luís Potosí Huastec, Southeastern Huastec, Veracruz Huave, San Dionisio del Mar Huave, San Francisco del Mar Huave, San Mateo del Mar Huave, Santa María del Mar Huichol Ixcatec Jacaltec, Western Kanjobal, Western Kickapoo Kiliwa Kumiai Lacandon Mam, Northern Mam, Todos Santos Matlatzinca, Atzingo Matlatzinca, San Francisco Maya, Chan Santa Cruz Maya, Yucatán Mayo Mazahua Central Mazahua, Michoacán Mazatec, Ayautla Mazatec, Chiquihuitlán Mazatec, Huautla Mazatec, Ixcatlán Mazatec, Jalapa de Díaz Mazatec, Mazatlán Mazatec, San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec, Soyaltepec Mexican Sign Language Mixe, Coatlán Mixe, Isthmus Mixe, Juquila Mixe, Mazatlán Mixe, North Central Mixe, Quetzaltepec Mixe, Tlahuitoltepec Mixe, Totontepec Mixtec, Alacatlatzala Mixtec, Alcozauca Mixtec, Amoltepec Mixtec, Apasco-Apoala Mixtec, Atatláhuca [Mixtec, Ayutla Mixtec, Cacaloxtepec Mixtec, Chayuco Mixtec, Chazumba Mixtec, Chigmecatitlán Mixtec, Coatzospan Mixtec, Cuyamecalco Mixtec, Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec, Huitepec Mixtec, Itundujia Mixtec, Ixtayutla Mixtec, Jamiltepec Mixtec, Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec, Metlatónoc Mixtec, Mitlatongo Mixtec, Mixtepec Mixtec, Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec, Ocotepec Mixtec, Peñoles Mixtec, Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec, San Juan Colorado Mixtec, San Juan Teita Mixtec, San Miguel el Grande Mixtec, San Miguel Piedras Mixtec, Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec, Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec, Silacayoapan Mixtec, Sindihui Mixtec, Sinicahua Mixtec, Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec, Southern Puebla Mixtec, Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Soyaltepec Mixtec, Tacahua Mixtec, Tamazola Mixtec, Tezoatlán Mixtec, Tidaá Mixtec, Tijaltepec Mixtec, Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec, Tututepec Mixtec, Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Yoloxochitl Mixtec, Yosondúa Mixtec, Yucuañe Mixtec, Yutanduchi Mocho Nahuatl, Central Nahuatl, Central Huasteca Nahuatl, Central Puebla Nahuatl, Coatepec Nahuatl, Durango Nahuatl, Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl, Guerrero Nahuatl, Highland Puebla Nahuatl, Huaxcaleca Nahuatl, Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl, Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl, Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl, Michoacán Nahuatl, Morelos Nahuatl, Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl, Northern Puebla Nahuatl, Ometepec Nahuatl, Orizaba Nahuatl, Santa María la Alta Nahuatl, Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl, Temascaltepec Nahuatl, Tenango Nahuatl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl, Tlalitzlipa Nahuatl, Tlamacazapa Nahuatl, Western Huasteca Opata Otomi, Eastern Highland Otomi, Estado de México Otomi, Ixtenco Otomi, Mezquital Otomi, Querétaro Otomi, Temoaya Otomi, Tenango Otomi, Texcatepec Otomi, Tilapa Paipai Pame, Central Pame, Northern Pima Bajo Plautdietsch Popoloca, Coyotepec Popoloca, Mezontla Popoloca, San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca, San Juan Atzingo Popoloca, San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca, San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca, Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoluca, Highland Popoluca, Oluta Popoluca, Sayula Popoluca, Texistepec Purepecha Purepecha, Western Highland Seri Spanish Tacanec Tarahumara, Central Tarahumara, Lowland Tarahumara, Northern Tarahumara, Southeastern Tarahumara, Southwestern Tectitec Tepehua, Huehuetla Tepehua, Pisaflores Tepehua, Tlachichilco Tepehuan, Northern Tepehuan, Southeastern Tepehuan, Southwestern Tlapanec, Acatepec Tlapanec, Azoyú Tlapanec, Malinaltepec Tlapanec, Tlacoapa Tojolabal Totonac, Coyutla Totonac, Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac, Highland Totonac, Ozumatlán Totonac, Papantla Totonac, Patla-Chicontla Totonac, Xicotepec de Juárez Totonac, Yecuatla Triqui, Chicahuaxtla Triqui, Copala Triqui, San Martín Itunyoso Tzeltal, Bachajón Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzotzil, Chamula Tzotzil, Chenalhó Tzotzil, Huixtán Tzotzil, San Andrés Larrainzar Tzotzil, Venustiano Carranza Tzotzil, Zinacantán Yaqui Yucatec Maya Sign Language Zapotec, Aloápam Zapotec, Amatlán Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec, Ayoquesco Zapotec, Cajonos Zapotec, Chichicapan Zapotec, Choapan Zapotec, Coatecas Altas Zapotec, Coatlán Zapotec, El Alto Zapotec, Elotepec Zapotec, Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec, Güilá Zapotec, Isthmus Zapotec, Lachiguiri Zapotec, Lachirioag Zapotec, Lachixío Zapotec, Loxicha Zapotec, Mazaltepec Zapotec, Miahuatlán Zapotec, Mitla Zapotec, Mixtepec Zapotec, Ocotlán Zapotec, Ozolotepec Zapotec, Petapa Zapotec, Quiavicuzas Zapotec, Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec, Rincón Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec, San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec, San Juan Guelavía Zapotec, San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec, San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec, Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec, Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec, Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec, Santiago Lapaguía Zapotec, Santiago Xanica Zapotec, Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec, Sierra de Juárez Zapotec, Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec, Southern Rincon Zapotec, Tabaa Zapotec, Tejalapan Zapotec, Texmelucan Zapotec, Tilquiapan Zapotec, Tlacolulita Zapotec, Totomachapan Zapotec, Xadani Zapotec, Xanaguía Zapotec, Yalálag Zapotec, Yareni Zapotec, Yatee Zapotec, Yatzachi Zapotec, Yautepec Zapotec, Zaachila Zapotec, Zaniza Zapotec, Zoogocho Zoque, Chimalapa Zoque, Copainalá Zoque, Francisco León Zoque, Rayón Zoque, Tabasco
Capital city:
Mexico city
Meaning country name:
After the Mexica branch of the Aztecs. The origin of the term "Mexxica" remains uncertain. Some take it as the old Nahuatl word for the sun. Others say it derived from the name of the leader Mexitli. Yet others simply ascribe it to a type of weed that grows in Lake Texcoco. Leon Portilla suggests that it means "navel of the moon" from Nahuatl metztli (moon) and xictli (navel). Alternatively, it could mean "navel of the maguey" (Nahuatl metl).
Description Flag:
The Flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence. The current flag was adopted in 1968, but the overall design has been used since 1821 when the First National Flag was created. The current law of national symbols, Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem, that governs the use of the national flag has been in place since 1984.
Throughout history, the flag has changed 4 times, as the design of the coat of arms and the length-width ratios of the flag have been modified. However, the coat of arms has had the same features throughout: an eagle, holding a serpent in its talon, is perched on top of a prickly pear cactus; the cactus is situated on a rock that rises above a lake. The coat of arms is derived from an Aztec legend that their gods told them to build a city where they spot an eagle and a serpent, which is now Mexico City. The current national flag, the Fourth National Flag, is also used as the Mexican naval ensign by ships registered in Mexico.
The Bandera Nacional is a rectangle divided into three vertical stripes of identical measures, with the colors placed in the following order from hoist to fly: green, white, and red. Centered in the white stripe, the National Coat of Arms has a diameter of three-fourths the width of the white stripe. The proportion of the flag is four to seven (Ratio 4:7). It could carry a rope or tie of the same colors below the truck.
Coat of arms:
The Coat of Arms is charged in the center of the flag, and was inspired by an Aztec legend regarding the founding of Tenochtitlán. According to popular legend, the Aztec people, then a nomadic tribe, were wandering throughout Mexico in search of a sign that would indicate the precise spot upon which they were to build their capital. The war god Huitzilopochtli had commanded them to find an eagle perched atop a prickly pear cactus (nopal in Spanish) growing on a rock submerged in a lake. The eagle would have a serpent trapped in its mouth that it had presently snatched. After two hundred years of wandering, they found the promised sign on a small island in the swampy Lake Texcoco. Here they founded their new capital, Tenochtitlán, which later became known as Mexico City, the current capital of Mexico.
The current coat of arms, which was redesigned in 1968, was designed by Francisco Eppens Helguera and approved by President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz.
Motto:
" Nuestra Historia, Nuestra Lucha "
National Anthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano
Mexicanos, al grito de guerra
el acero aprestad y el bridón
y retiemble en sus centros la tierra
al sonoro rugir del cañón.
Ciña ¡oh Patria! tus sienes de oliva
de la paz el arcángel divino
que en el cielo tu eterno destino
por el dedo de Dios se escribió.
Mas si osare un extraño enemigo
profanar con su planta tu suelo
piensa ¡oh Patria querida! que el cielo
un soldado en cada hijo te dio.
En sangrientos combates los viste
por tu amor palpitando sus senos,
arrostrar la metralla serenos,
y la muerte o la gloria buscar.
Si el recuerdo de antiguas hazañas,
de tus hijos inflama la mente.
Los laureles del triunfo tu frente
volverán inmortales a ornar.
Como al golpe del rayo la encina
se derrumba hasta el hondo torrente
la discordia vencida, impotente
a los pies del arcángel cayó.
Ya no más de tus hijos la sangre
se derrumbé en contienda de hermanos,
solo encuentre el acero en sus manos
quien tu nombre sagrado insultó.
Del guerrero inmortal de Zempoala
te defiende la espada terrible
y sostiene su brazo invencible
tu sagrado pendón tricolor.
El será feliz mexicano
en la paz y en la guerra el caudillo,
porque el supo sus armas de brillo
circundar en los campos de honor.
¡Guerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente
de la patria manchar los blasones!
¡Guerra, guerra! los patrios pendones
en las olas de sangre empapad.
¡Guerra, guerra! en el monte, en el valle
los cañones horrísonos truenen,
y los ecos sonoros resuenen
con las voces de ¡Unión! ¡Libertad!
Antes, patria, que inermes tus hijos
bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen,
tus campiñas con sangre se rieguen,
sobre sangre se estampe su pie.
Y tus templos, palacios y torres
se derrumben con hórrido estruendo
y sus ruinas existan diciendo:
de mil héroes la patria aquí fue.
Si a la lid contra hueste enemiga
nos convoca la trompa guerrera
de Iturbide la sacra bandera
¡mexicanos! valientes seguid.
Y a los fieros bridones les sirvan
las vencidas enseñas de alfombra
los laureles del triunfo den sombra
a la frente del bravo adalid.
Vuelva altivo a los patrios hogares
el guerrero a contar su victoria,
ostentando las palmas de gloria
que supiera en la lid conquistar.
Tornaránse sus lauros sangrientos
en guirnaldas de mirtos y rosas,
que el amor de las hijas y esposas
también sabe a los bravos premiar.
Y el que al golpe de ardiente metralla
de la Patria en las aras sucumba,
obtendrá en recompensa una tumba
donde brille de gloria la luz.
Y de Iguala la enseña querida,
a su espada sangrienta enlazada,
de laurel inmortal coronada
formará de su fosa la cruz.
¡Patria! ¡Patria! tus hijos te juran
exhalar en tus aras su aliento
sí el clarín con su bélico acento
los convoca a lidiar con valor.
¡Para ti las guirnaldas de oliva!
¡Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria!
¡Un laurel para ti de victoria!
¡Un sepulcro para ellos de honor!
English
Mexicans, at the cry of war,
make ready the steel and the steed,
and may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon.
And may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon
First Stanza:
Let gird, oh country, your brow with olive
by the divine archangel of peace,
for in heaven your eternal destiny
was written by the finger of God.
But if some enemy outlander should dare
to profane your ground with his step,
think, oh beloved country, that heaven
has given you a soldier in every son.
Stanza V:
War, war without quarter to any who dare
to tarnish the country's coat of arms!
War, war! Let the national banners
be soaked in waves of blood.
War, war! In the mountain, in the valley,
let the cannons thunder in horrid unison
and may the sonorous echoes resound
with cries of Union! Liberty!
Stanza VI:
Oh country, ere your children, defenseless
bend their neck beneath the yoke,
may your fields be watered with blood,
may they leave their footprints in blood.
And may your temples, palaces and towers
collapse with horrid clamor,
and their ruins continue on, saying:
Of a thousand heroes, this country was.
Stanza X:
Oh, country, country, your children swear to you
to breathe their last for your sake,
if the bugle with its warlike accent
should call them to fight with courage.
For you the olive wreathes!
A memory for them of glory!
For you a laurel of victory!
A tomb for them of honor!
Internet Page: www.presidencia.gob.mx
Mexico in diferent languages
eng | dan | hau | ina | lim | nld | nor | roh | rup: Mexico
afr | cor | epo | fao | fin | fry | hrv | ibo | jav | sme | som | swa | tpi: Meksiko
ces | dsb | eus | hsb | lin | slk | swe: Mexiko
lav | lit | mlg | sqi | tur | zza: Meksika
aze | crh | kaa | tuk | uzb: Meksika / Мексика
ast | glg | por: México
deu | ltz | nds: Mexiko / Mexiko
fra | frp | jnf: Mexique
bos | slo: Meksiko / Мексико
hat | wol: Meksik
kin | run: Megiziko
oci | ron: Mexic
pol | szl: Meksyk
scn | srd: Mèssicu
too | tzz: Mejiko
arg: Mexico; México; Méjico
bam: Mɛkisiki
bre: Mec’hiko
cat: Mèxic
cos: Messicu
cym: Mecsico
est: Mehhiko
fur: Messic
gla: Meigseago; Meagsago
gle: Meicsiceo / Meicsiceo
glv: Meksico
haw: Mekiko
hch: Mekiku
hun: Mexikó
ind: Meksiko / ميكسيكو
isl: Mexíkó
ita: Messico
kmr: Meksîka / Мәксика / مەکسیکا; Mêksîk / Мексик / مێکسیک
kur: Meksîka / مەکسیکا
lat: Mexicum; Mexica
lld: Messich
mfe: Lameksik
mlt: Messiku
mol: Mexic / Мексик
mri: Mēhiko
msa: Mexico / ميكسيكو
nah: Anawak; Mexihko
nrm: Messique
orm: Maksiiko; Meeksikoo
oto: M’onda
pap: Mèksiko
pua: Mejiku
que: Mishiku; Mihiku
rmy: Mexiko / मेख़िको
sag: Mekisîka
slv: Mehika
smg: Meksėka
smo: Mekisiko
sot: Meksikho
spa: México; Méjico
tet: Méxiku
tgl: Meksiko; Mehiko
ton: Mekisikou
vie: Mễ Tây Cơ; Mê-hi-cô
vol: Mäxikän
vor: Mehhigo
wln: Mecsike
yor: Mesiko
yua: Meejiko
zap: Méxicu
zul: iMekisiko
abq | alt | che | chm | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Мексика (Meksika)
bak | tat: Мексика / Meksika
bul | mkd: Мексико (Meksiko)
bel: Мексіка / Mieksika; Мэксыка / Meksyka
chv: Мексикӑ (Meksikă)
kaz: Мексика / Meksïka / مەكسيكا
kbd: Мексикэ (Meksikă)
mon: Мексик (Meksik)
oss: Мексикӕ (Meksikä)
srp: Мексико / Meksiko
tgk: Мексика / مکسیکه / Meksika
ukr: Мексика (Meksyka)
ara: المكسيك (al-Maksīk)
fas: مکزیک / Mekzik
prs: مکزیک (Mekzīk); مکسیکو (Meksīkō)
pus: مکزيک (Makzīk); مېکزيک (Mekzīk); مکسيکو (Maksīko)
uig: مېكسىكا / Méksika / Мексика
urd: میکسیکو (Mæksīko)
div: މެކްސިކޯ (Meksikō)
syr: ܡܩܣܝܩܘ (Meqsīqō)
heb: מקסיקו (Meqsîqô); מכסיקו (Meksîqô)
lad: מיכיקו / Mexiko
yid: מעקסיקע (Meksike)
tzm: ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽⵓ / Miksiku
amh: ሜክሲኮ (Meksiko)
ell-dhi: Μεξικό (Mexikó)
ell-kat: Μεξικόν (Mexikón)
hye: Մեքսիկա (Meḳsika)
kat: მექსიკა (Meḳsika)
mar | nep | san: मेक्सिको (Meksiko)
hin: मेक्सिको (Meksiko); मैक्सिको (Mæksiko)
asm: মেক্সিকো (Meksiko)
ben: মেক্সিকো (Meksiko)
guj: મેક્સિકો (Meksiko)
mni: meCsiko (Meksiko)
pan: ਮੈਕਸਿਕੋ (Mæksiko); ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ (Mæksīko)
sin: මෙක්සිකෝ (Meksikō)
kan: ಮೆಕ್ಸಕೊ (Meksiko); ಮೆಕ್ಸಿಕೋ (Meksikō)
mal: മെക്സിക്കോ (Meksikkō); മേക്സിക്കോ (Mēksikkō)
tam: மெக்சிகோ (Mekčikō)
tel: మెక్సికో (Meksikō)
zho: 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē)
yue: 墨西哥 (Mahksāigō)
jpn: メキシコ (Mekishiko)
kor: 멕시코 (Maeksiko)
bod: མེག་སི་ཀོ་ (Meg.si.ko.); མེག་སི་ཁོ་ (Meg.si.kʰo.)
dzo: མེཀསི་ཀོ་ (Meksi.ko.)
mya: မက္ကဆီကုိ (Meʿksʰiko)
tha: เม็กซิโก (Meksikō)
lao: ເມັດຊີໂກ (Metsīkō)
khm: ម៉ិចស៊ិក (Mičsik); ម៉ិចស្សឹក (Mičssʉk); ម៉ិកស៊ិកូ (Miksikū)
chr: ᎠᏂᏍᏊᏩᏂᏱ / Anisquuwaniyi
cre: ᒣᐠᓯᑯ (Mèsiko)
iku: ᒪᒃᓯᑯ / Maksiku
Mexico / México
Is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory, which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain which would eventually become Mexico as the colony gained independence in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, territorial secession and civil war, including foreign intervention, two empires and two long domestic dictatorships. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI).
As a regional power and currently the only Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since 1994, Mexico is firmly established as an upper middle-income country, and is considered a newly industrialized country and an emerging power . It has the 13th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico
Geography
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Mexico
Other info
Flags and coat of arms from states
Oficial name:
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Independence:
Declared September 16, 1810
- Recognized September 27, 1821
Area:
1.958.201 km2
Inhabitants:
106.090.000
Languages:
Afro-Seminole Creole Amuzgo, Guerrero Amuzgo, Ipalapa Amuzgo, San Pedro Amuzgos Chatino, Eastern Highland Chatino, Nopala Chatino, Tataltepec Chatino, Western Highland Chatino, Zacatepec Chatino, Zenzontepec Chiapanec Chichimeca-Jonaz Chinantec, Chiltepec Chinantec, Comaltepec Chinantec, Lalana Chinantec, Lealao Chinantec, Ojitlán Chinantec, Ozumacín Chinantec, Palantla Chinantec, Quiotepec Chinantec, Sochiapan Chinantec, Tepetotutla Chinantec, Tepinapa Chinantec, Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec, Usila Chinantec, Valle Nacional Chochotec Chol, Tila Chol, Tumbalá Chontal, Highland Oaxaca Chontal, Lowland Oaxaca Chontal, Tabasco Chuj, Ixtatán Cocopa Cora, El Nayar Cora, Santa Teresa Cuicatec, Tepeuxila Cuicatec, Teutila Huarijio Huastec, San Luís Potosí Huastec, Southeastern Huastec, Veracruz Huave, San Dionisio del Mar Huave, San Francisco del Mar Huave, San Mateo del Mar Huave, Santa María del Mar Huichol Ixcatec Jacaltec, Western Kanjobal, Western Kickapoo Kiliwa Kumiai Lacandon Mam, Northern Mam, Todos Santos Matlatzinca, Atzingo Matlatzinca, San Francisco Maya, Chan Santa Cruz Maya, Yucatán Mayo Mazahua Central Mazahua, Michoacán Mazatec, Ayautla Mazatec, Chiquihuitlán Mazatec, Huautla Mazatec, Ixcatlán Mazatec, Jalapa de Díaz Mazatec, Mazatlán Mazatec, San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec, Soyaltepec Mexican Sign Language Mixe, Coatlán Mixe, Isthmus Mixe, Juquila Mixe, Mazatlán Mixe, North Central Mixe, Quetzaltepec Mixe, Tlahuitoltepec Mixe, Totontepec Mixtec, Alacatlatzala Mixtec, Alcozauca Mixtec, Amoltepec Mixtec, Apasco-Apoala Mixtec, Atatláhuca [Mixtec, Ayutla Mixtec, Cacaloxtepec Mixtec, Chayuco Mixtec, Chazumba Mixtec, Chigmecatitlán Mixtec, Coatzospan Mixtec, Cuyamecalco Mixtec, Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec, Huitepec Mixtec, Itundujia Mixtec, Ixtayutla Mixtec, Jamiltepec Mixtec, Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec, Metlatónoc Mixtec, Mitlatongo Mixtec, Mixtepec Mixtec, Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec, Ocotepec Mixtec, Peñoles Mixtec, Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec, San Juan Colorado Mixtec, San Juan Teita Mixtec, San Miguel el Grande Mixtec, San Miguel Piedras Mixtec, Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec, Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec, Silacayoapan Mixtec, Sindihui Mixtec, Sinicahua Mixtec, Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec, Southern Puebla Mixtec, Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec, Soyaltepec Mixtec, Tacahua Mixtec, Tamazola Mixtec, Tezoatlán Mixtec, Tidaá Mixtec, Tijaltepec Mixtec, Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec, Tututepec Mixtec, Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, Yoloxochitl Mixtec, Yosondúa Mixtec, Yucuañe Mixtec, Yutanduchi Mocho Nahuatl, Central Nahuatl, Central Huasteca Nahuatl, Central Puebla Nahuatl, Coatepec Nahuatl, Durango Nahuatl, Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl, Guerrero Nahuatl, Highland Puebla Nahuatl, Huaxcaleca Nahuatl, Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl, Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl, Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl, Michoacán Nahuatl, Morelos Nahuatl, Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl, Northern Puebla Nahuatl, Ometepec Nahuatl, Orizaba Nahuatl, Santa María la Alta Nahuatl, Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl, Temascaltepec Nahuatl, Tenango Nahuatl, Tetelcingo Nahuatl, Tlalitzlipa Nahuatl, Tlamacazapa Nahuatl, Western Huasteca Opata Otomi, Eastern Highland Otomi, Estado de México Otomi, Ixtenco Otomi, Mezquital Otomi, Querétaro Otomi, Temoaya Otomi, Tenango Otomi, Texcatepec Otomi, Tilapa Paipai Pame, Central Pame, Northern Pima Bajo Plautdietsch Popoloca, Coyotepec Popoloca, Mezontla Popoloca, San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca, San Juan Atzingo Popoloca, San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca, San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca, Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoluca, Highland Popoluca, Oluta Popoluca, Sayula Popoluca, Texistepec Purepecha Purepecha, Western Highland Seri Spanish Tacanec Tarahumara, Central Tarahumara, Lowland Tarahumara, Northern Tarahumara, Southeastern Tarahumara, Southwestern Tectitec Tepehua, Huehuetla Tepehua, Pisaflores Tepehua, Tlachichilco Tepehuan, Northern Tepehuan, Southeastern Tepehuan, Southwestern Tlapanec, Acatepec Tlapanec, Azoyú Tlapanec, Malinaltepec Tlapanec, Tlacoapa Tojolabal Totonac, Coyutla Totonac, Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac, Highland Totonac, Ozumatlán Totonac, Papantla Totonac, Patla-Chicontla Totonac, Xicotepec de Juárez Totonac, Yecuatla Triqui, Chicahuaxtla Triqui, Copala Triqui, San Martín Itunyoso Tzeltal, Bachajón Tzeltal, Oxchuc Tzotzil, Chamula Tzotzil, Chenalhó Tzotzil, Huixtán Tzotzil, San Andrés Larrainzar Tzotzil, Venustiano Carranza Tzotzil, Zinacantán Yaqui Yucatec Maya Sign Language Zapotec, Aloápam Zapotec, Amatlán Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec, Ayoquesco Zapotec, Cajonos Zapotec, Chichicapan Zapotec, Choapan Zapotec, Coatecas Altas Zapotec, Coatlán Zapotec, El Alto Zapotec, Elotepec Zapotec, Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec, Güilá Zapotec, Isthmus Zapotec, Lachiguiri Zapotec, Lachirioag Zapotec, Lachixío Zapotec, Loxicha Zapotec, Mazaltepec Zapotec, Miahuatlán Zapotec, Mitla Zapotec, Mixtepec Zapotec, Ocotlán Zapotec, Ozolotepec Zapotec, Petapa Zapotec, Quiavicuzas Zapotec, Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec, Rincón Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec, San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec, San Juan Guelavía Zapotec, San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec, San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec, Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec, Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec, Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec, Santiago Lapaguía Zapotec, Santiago Xanica Zapotec, Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec, Sierra de Juárez Zapotec, Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec, Southern Rincon Zapotec, Tabaa Zapotec, Tejalapan Zapotec, Texmelucan Zapotec, Tilquiapan Zapotec, Tlacolulita Zapotec, Totomachapan Zapotec, Xadani Zapotec, Xanaguía Zapotec, Yalálag Zapotec, Yareni Zapotec, Yatee Zapotec, Yatzachi Zapotec, Yautepec Zapotec, Zaachila Zapotec, Zaniza Zapotec, Zoogocho Zoque, Chimalapa Zoque, Copainalá Zoque, Francisco León Zoque, Rayón Zoque, Tabasco
Capital city:
Mexico city
Meaning country name:
After the Mexica branch of the Aztecs. The origin of the term "Mexxica" remains uncertain. Some take it as the old Nahuatl word for the sun. Others say it derived from the name of the leader Mexitli. Yet others simply ascribe it to a type of weed that grows in Lake Texcoco. Leon Portilla suggests that it means "navel of the moon" from Nahuatl metztli (moon) and xictli (navel). Alternatively, it could mean "navel of the maguey" (Nahuatl metl).
Description Flag:
The Flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence. The current flag was adopted in 1968, but the overall design has been used since 1821 when the First National Flag was created. The current law of national symbols, Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem, that governs the use of the national flag has been in place since 1984.
Throughout history, the flag has changed 4 times, as the design of the coat of arms and the length-width ratios of the flag have been modified. However, the coat of arms has had the same features throughout: an eagle, holding a serpent in its talon, is perched on top of a prickly pear cactus; the cactus is situated on a rock that rises above a lake. The coat of arms is derived from an Aztec legend that their gods told them to build a city where they spot an eagle and a serpent, which is now Mexico City. The current national flag, the Fourth National Flag, is also used as the Mexican naval ensign by ships registered in Mexico.
The Bandera Nacional is a rectangle divided into three vertical stripes of identical measures, with the colors placed in the following order from hoist to fly: green, white, and red. Centered in the white stripe, the National Coat of Arms has a diameter of three-fourths the width of the white stripe. The proportion of the flag is four to seven (Ratio 4:7). It could carry a rope or tie of the same colors below the truck.
Coat of arms:
The Coat of Arms is charged in the center of the flag, and was inspired by an Aztec legend regarding the founding of Tenochtitlán. According to popular legend, the Aztec people, then a nomadic tribe, were wandering throughout Mexico in search of a sign that would indicate the precise spot upon which they were to build their capital. The war god Huitzilopochtli had commanded them to find an eagle perched atop a prickly pear cactus (nopal in Spanish) growing on a rock submerged in a lake. The eagle would have a serpent trapped in its mouth that it had presently snatched. After two hundred years of wandering, they found the promised sign on a small island in the swampy Lake Texcoco. Here they founded their new capital, Tenochtitlán, which later became known as Mexico City, the current capital of Mexico.
The current coat of arms, which was redesigned in 1968, was designed by Francisco Eppens Helguera and approved by President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz.
Motto:
" Nuestra Historia, Nuestra Lucha "
National Anthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano
Mexicanos, al grito de guerra
el acero aprestad y el bridón
y retiemble en sus centros la tierra
al sonoro rugir del cañón.
Ciña ¡oh Patria! tus sienes de oliva
de la paz el arcángel divino
que en el cielo tu eterno destino
por el dedo de Dios se escribió.
Mas si osare un extraño enemigo
profanar con su planta tu suelo
piensa ¡oh Patria querida! que el cielo
un soldado en cada hijo te dio.
En sangrientos combates los viste
por tu amor palpitando sus senos,
arrostrar la metralla serenos,
y la muerte o la gloria buscar.
Si el recuerdo de antiguas hazañas,
de tus hijos inflama la mente.
Los laureles del triunfo tu frente
volverán inmortales a ornar.
Como al golpe del rayo la encina
se derrumba hasta el hondo torrente
la discordia vencida, impotente
a los pies del arcángel cayó.
Ya no más de tus hijos la sangre
se derrumbé en contienda de hermanos,
solo encuentre el acero en sus manos
quien tu nombre sagrado insultó.
Del guerrero inmortal de Zempoala
te defiende la espada terrible
y sostiene su brazo invencible
tu sagrado pendón tricolor.
El será feliz mexicano
en la paz y en la guerra el caudillo,
porque el supo sus armas de brillo
circundar en los campos de honor.
¡Guerra, guerra sin tregua al que intente
de la patria manchar los blasones!
¡Guerra, guerra! los patrios pendones
en las olas de sangre empapad.
¡Guerra, guerra! en el monte, en el valle
los cañones horrísonos truenen,
y los ecos sonoros resuenen
con las voces de ¡Unión! ¡Libertad!
Antes, patria, que inermes tus hijos
bajo el yugo su cuello dobleguen,
tus campiñas con sangre se rieguen,
sobre sangre se estampe su pie.
Y tus templos, palacios y torres
se derrumben con hórrido estruendo
y sus ruinas existan diciendo:
de mil héroes la patria aquí fue.
Si a la lid contra hueste enemiga
nos convoca la trompa guerrera
de Iturbide la sacra bandera
¡mexicanos! valientes seguid.
Y a los fieros bridones les sirvan
las vencidas enseñas de alfombra
los laureles del triunfo den sombra
a la frente del bravo adalid.
Vuelva altivo a los patrios hogares
el guerrero a contar su victoria,
ostentando las palmas de gloria
que supiera en la lid conquistar.
Tornaránse sus lauros sangrientos
en guirnaldas de mirtos y rosas,
que el amor de las hijas y esposas
también sabe a los bravos premiar.
Y el que al golpe de ardiente metralla
de la Patria en las aras sucumba,
obtendrá en recompensa una tumba
donde brille de gloria la luz.
Y de Iguala la enseña querida,
a su espada sangrienta enlazada,
de laurel inmortal coronada
formará de su fosa la cruz.
¡Patria! ¡Patria! tus hijos te juran
exhalar en tus aras su aliento
sí el clarín con su bélico acento
los convoca a lidiar con valor.
¡Para ti las guirnaldas de oliva!
¡Un recuerdo para ellos de gloria!
¡Un laurel para ti de victoria!
¡Un sepulcro para ellos de honor!
English
Mexicans, at the cry of war,
make ready the steel and the steed,
and may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon.
And may the earth tremble its centers
at the resounding roar of the cannon
First Stanza:
Let gird, oh country, your brow with olive
by the divine archangel of peace,
for in heaven your eternal destiny
was written by the finger of God.
But if some enemy outlander should dare
to profane your ground with his step,
think, oh beloved country, that heaven
has given you a soldier in every son.
Stanza V:
War, war without quarter to any who dare
to tarnish the country's coat of arms!
War, war! Let the national banners
be soaked in waves of blood.
War, war! In the mountain, in the valley,
let the cannons thunder in horrid unison
and may the sonorous echoes resound
with cries of Union! Liberty!
Stanza VI:
Oh country, ere your children, defenseless
bend their neck beneath the yoke,
may your fields be watered with blood,
may they leave their footprints in blood.
And may your temples, palaces and towers
collapse with horrid clamor,
and their ruins continue on, saying:
Of a thousand heroes, this country was.
Stanza X:
Oh, country, country, your children swear to you
to breathe their last for your sake,
if the bugle with its warlike accent
should call them to fight with courage.
For you the olive wreathes!
A memory for them of glory!
For you a laurel of victory!
A tomb for them of honor!
Internet Page: www.presidencia.gob.mx
Mexico in diferent languages
eng | dan | hau | ina | lim | nld | nor | roh | rup: Mexico
afr | cor | epo | fao | fin | fry | hrv | ibo | jav | sme | som | swa | tpi: Meksiko
ces | dsb | eus | hsb | lin | slk | swe: Mexiko
lav | lit | mlg | sqi | tur | zza: Meksika
aze | crh | kaa | tuk | uzb: Meksika / Мексика
ast | glg | por: México
deu | ltz | nds: Mexiko / Mexiko
fra | frp | jnf: Mexique
bos | slo: Meksiko / Мексико
hat | wol: Meksik
kin | run: Megiziko
oci | ron: Mexic
pol | szl: Meksyk
scn | srd: Mèssicu
too | tzz: Mejiko
arg: Mexico; México; Méjico
bam: Mɛkisiki
bre: Mec’hiko
cat: Mèxic
cos: Messicu
cym: Mecsico
est: Mehhiko
fur: Messic
gla: Meigseago; Meagsago
gle: Meicsiceo / Meicsiceo
glv: Meksico
haw: Mekiko
hch: Mekiku
hun: Mexikó
ind: Meksiko / ميكسيكو
isl: Mexíkó
ita: Messico
kmr: Meksîka / Мәксика / مەکسیکا; Mêksîk / Мексик / مێکسیک
kur: Meksîka / مەکسیکا
lat: Mexicum; Mexica
lld: Messich
mfe: Lameksik
mlt: Messiku
mol: Mexic / Мексик
mri: Mēhiko
msa: Mexico / ميكسيكو
nah: Anawak; Mexihko
nrm: Messique
orm: Maksiiko; Meeksikoo
oto: M’onda
pap: Mèksiko
pua: Mejiku
que: Mishiku; Mihiku
rmy: Mexiko / मेख़िको
sag: Mekisîka
slv: Mehika
smg: Meksėka
smo: Mekisiko
sot: Meksikho
spa: México; Méjico
tet: Méxiku
tgl: Meksiko; Mehiko
ton: Mekisikou
vie: Mễ Tây Cơ; Mê-hi-cô
vol: Mäxikän
vor: Mehhigo
wln: Mecsike
yor: Mesiko
yua: Meejiko
zap: Méxicu
zul: iMekisiko
abq | alt | che | chm | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Мексика (Meksika)
bak | tat: Мексика / Meksika
bul | mkd: Мексико (Meksiko)
bel: Мексіка / Mieksika; Мэксыка / Meksyka
chv: Мексикӑ (Meksikă)
kaz: Мексика / Meksïka / مەكسيكا
kbd: Мексикэ (Meksikă)
mon: Мексик (Meksik)
oss: Мексикӕ (Meksikä)
srp: Мексико / Meksiko
tgk: Мексика / مکسیکه / Meksika
ukr: Мексика (Meksyka)
ara: المكسيك (al-Maksīk)
fas: مکزیک / Mekzik
prs: مکزیک (Mekzīk); مکسیکو (Meksīkō)
pus: مکزيک (Makzīk); مېکزيک (Mekzīk); مکسيکو (Maksīko)
uig: مېكسىكا / Méksika / Мексика
urd: میکسیکو (Mæksīko)
div: މެކްސިކޯ (Meksikō)
syr: ܡܩܣܝܩܘ (Meqsīqō)
heb: מקסיקו (Meqsîqô); מכסיקו (Meksîqô)
lad: מיכיקו / Mexiko
yid: מעקסיקע (Meksike)
tzm: ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽⵓ / Miksiku
amh: ሜክሲኮ (Meksiko)
ell-dhi: Μεξικό (Mexikó)
ell-kat: Μεξικόν (Mexikón)
hye: Մեքսիկա (Meḳsika)
kat: მექსიკა (Meḳsika)
mar | nep | san: मेक्सिको (Meksiko)
hin: मेक्सिको (Meksiko); मैक्सिको (Mæksiko)
asm: মেক্সিকো (Meksiko)
ben: মেক্সিকো (Meksiko)
guj: મેક્સિકો (Meksiko)
mni: meCsiko (Meksiko)
pan: ਮੈਕਸਿਕੋ (Mæksiko); ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ (Mæksīko)
sin: මෙක්සිකෝ (Meksikō)
kan: ಮೆಕ್ಸಕೊ (Meksiko); ಮೆಕ್ಸಿಕೋ (Meksikō)
mal: മെക്സിക്കോ (Meksikkō); മേക്സിക്കോ (Mēksikkō)
tam: மெக்சிகோ (Mekčikō)
tel: మెక్సికో (Meksikō)
zho: 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē)
yue: 墨西哥 (Mahksāigō)
jpn: メキシコ (Mekishiko)
kor: 멕시코 (Maeksiko)
bod: མེག་སི་ཀོ་ (Meg.si.ko.); མེག་སི་ཁོ་ (Meg.si.kʰo.)
dzo: མེཀསི་ཀོ་ (Meksi.ko.)
mya: မက္ကဆီကုိ (Meʿksʰiko)
tha: เม็กซิโก (Meksikō)
lao: ເມັດຊີໂກ (Metsīkō)
khm: ម៉ិចស៊ិក (Mičsik); ម៉ិចស្សឹក (Mičssʉk); ម៉ិកស៊ិកូ (Miksikū)
chr: ᎠᏂᏍᏊᏩᏂᏱ / Anisquuwaniyi
cre: ᒣᐠᓯᑯ (Mèsiko)
iku: ᒪᒃᓯᑯ / Maksiku