C’hall / Frantziako / Frankriich / farāni / France / França
is a member state of the European Union located in its western region, with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents.[13] France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as L’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is bordered (clockwise from the north) by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain and Andorra. France's overseas departments and collectivities also share land borders with Brazil and Suriname (bordering French Guiana), and the Netherlands Antilles (bordering Saint-Martin). France is linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel.
France is the largest state in the European Union by area and the third largest in Europe behind Russia and Ukraine. It would be second if its extra-European territories like French Guiana were included. France has been a major power for many centuries with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Pacific islands.
France is one of the most developed countries and possesses the fifth largest economy by nominal GDP and seventh largest economy by purchasing power parity. France enjoys a high standard of living, although its quality of life index rating ranks it 25th in the world behind that of Greece, Belgium and Portugal. The country has a high public education level, it's one of the most globalised nations, has 2009's second best international reputation and has also one of the world's highest life expectancy. It is the most visited country in the world, receiving 82 million foreign tourists annually. France is one of the founding members of the European Union. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of the Francophonie, the G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO and the Latin Union. It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, possesses the third largest number of nuclear weapons in the world and the largest number of nuclear power plants in the European Union.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France
Geography
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_France
Other info
Oficial name:
(Native names)
République française
+ bre: Republik C’hall
cat: República Francesa
cos: Repubblica Francesa
eus: Frantziako Errepublika
gsw: Republik Frankriich / Republik Frankriich
nld-vls: Franse Republiek
oci: Republica francesa
tah: Repupirita farāni
Formation: French State 843 (Treaty of Verdun)
- Current constitution 1958 (5th Republic)
Sup:
543.965 km2
Inhabitants:
63.587.700
Capital city:
Paris
Languages:
Française, Breton, Corse, Deutsch, Basque, Catalan and Valam
Alemannisch [gsw] 1,500,000 in France (1988 Hawkins in B. Comrie). Northeastern France, Alsace. Alternate names: Alemannic. Dialects: Alsatian (Alsacien, Elsaessisch). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Upper German, Alemannic
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Auvergnat [auv] 1,315,000 (2004). Auvergne; Haut-Auvergnat in Cantal and south of Haute-Loire; Bas-Auvergnat in the north of Haute-Loire and in Puy-de-Dome. Alternate names: Auvernhas, Auverne, Occitan. Dialects: Haut-Auvergnat, Bas-Auvergnat. Highly fragmented dialect situation, with limited intelligibility between northern and southern varieties. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Basque, Navarro-Labourdin [bqe] 67,500 (1991). Population includes 45,000 Labourdin, 22,500 Lower Navarro. Total Basque speakers in France estimated at 80,000. Ethnic population: 730,000 (1993 Johnstone). French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Labourd (Lapurdi), and Basse-Navarre departments. Alternate names: Navarro-Labourdin. Dialects: Labourdin (Lapurdiera), Eastern Low Navarrese (Benaffarera, Bajo Navarro Oriental), Western Low Navarrese (Bajo Navarro Occidental). Navarro-Labourdin is diverse from other Basque dialects, and needs separate literature. Classification: Basque
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Basque, Souletin [bsz] 8,700 (1991). French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Soule, Pyrénées Atlantiques Province. Alternate names: Souletin, Souletino, Suletino, Xiberoera, Zuberoera, Suberoan. Dialects: Souletin is more diverse and speakers have difficulty understanding other varieties, especially for complex and abstract discourse. Separate literature desired and needed. Classification: Basque
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Breton [bre] 500,000 in France (1989 ICDBL). 1,200,000 know Breton who do not regularly use it. Population total all countries: 532,722. Western Brittany, and dispersed in Eastern Brittany and Breton emigrant communities throughout the world. Also spoken in USA. Alternate names: Brezhoneg. Dialects: Leonais, Tregorrois, Vannetais, Cornouaillais. Classification: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular, Brythonic
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Caló [rmr] 21,580 in France (2000 WCD). Southern France. Alternate names: Gitano, Iberian Romani. Dialects: Basque Calo, Catalonian Calo, Spanish Calo. Classification: Mixed Language, Iberian-Romani
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Catalan-Valencian-Balear [cat] 100,000 in France (1996). Catalonian France. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, East Iberian
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Corsican [cos] 341,000 in Corsica (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 402,000. Corsica, Paris, Marseilles. Also spoken in Bolivia, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela. Alternate names: Corsu, Corso, Corse, Corsi. Dialects: Sartenais, Vico-Ajaccio, Northern Corsican (Cape Cors, Bastia), Venaco. Corsican is in the Tuscan group of Italian varieties. Southern Corsican is closer to Northern Sardinian or Gallurese than other Corsican dialects (R. A. Hall, Jr.). Lexical similarity 79% to 89% among dialects of Bastia, Venaco, Vico, and Sartene. Bonifacio on the southern tip of the island has 78% lexical similarity (highest) with Bastia at extreme north. Ajaccio dialect is central and prestigious. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Southern, Corsican
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Dutch [nld] 80,000 in Westhoek. Westhoek in the northeast corner of France between the Artois Hills and the Belgium border. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian
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Esperanto [epo] 200 to 2,000 (1996). Speakers in about 115 countries, used most widely in central and eastern Europe, China and other countries in eastern Asia, certain areas of South America, and southwest Asia. Alternate names: La Lingvo Internacia. Classification: Artificial language
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Franco-Provençal [frp] Population total all countries: 77,000. Savoie, Fribourg, and Valais, southeastern France, near the Italian and Switzerland borders. Also spoken in Italy, Switzerland. Alternate names: Patois, Arpitan. Dialects: Dauphinois, Lyonnais, Neuchatelais, Savoyard. Structurally separate language from Provençal, French, Piemontese, and Lombard (F. B. Agard). In Switzerland, every canton has its own dialect, with no standardization. Difficult intelligibility among the dialects, and especially with Fribourg. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, Southeastern
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French [fra] 51,000,000 in France. Population total all countries: 64,858,311. Also spoken in Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Guadeloupe, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Monaco, Morocco, New Caledonia, Niger, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna. Alternate names: Français. Dialects: Standard French, Norman (Normand), Angevin, Berrichon, Bourbonnais, Bourguignon, Franc-Comtois, Gallo, Poitevin, Santongeais, Lorraine. Lexical similarity 89% with Italian, 80% with Sardinian, 78% with Rheto-Romance, 75% with Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish, 29% with German, 27% with English. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
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French Sign Language [fsl] 50,000 to 100,000 primary users in France (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). 1,000 users of Marseille Sign Language (1975 Sallagooty). Southern FSL is used in Marseille, Toulon, La Ciotat, and Salon de Provence. Also used in Togo. Alternate names: Langue des Signes Française, LSF, FSL. Dialects: Marseille Sign Language (Southern French Sign Language). Many sign languages have been influenced by this, but are not necessarily intelligible with it. Reported to be partially intelligible with sign languages from Austria, Czech Republic, and Italy, at least. Lexical similarity 43% with American Sign Language in an 872-wordlist. Classification: Deaf sign language
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Gascon [gsc] 250,000 in France (1990 P. Blanchet). Population total all countries: 253,814. Ethnic population: 400,000 (1982) in the Béarn region of southern Gasconha, France; 51% speak Gascon, 70% understand it, 85% are in favor of saving it. Gascogne Province, from Médoc to the Pyrénées, from the Atlantic to the Catalan area. Béarnese is spoken by a strong majority in the Béarn. Also spoken in Spain. Alternate names: Occitan. Dialects: Landais, Béarnais (Biarnese), Ariégeois, Aranese. Gascon, Languedocien, and Limousin are structurally separate languages (F.B. Agard). Gascon speakers have some comprehension of Provençal; some or limited comprehension of Languedocien (reports differ). Inherently intelligible with Aranese Gascon in Spain, which is a dialect. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Greek [ell] Cargese, Corsica. Dialects: Cargese. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic
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Interlingua [ina] Alternate names: Interlingua de Iala. Classification: Artificial language
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Italian [ita] 1,000,000 in France (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian
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Languedocien [lnc] 5,000. Languedoc Province, from Montpellier to Toulouse, Bordeaux, Rodez, and Albi. Alternate names: Lengadoucian, Languedoc, Langadoc, Occitan, Occitani. Dialects: Bas-Languedocien, Languedocien Moyen, Haut-Languedocien, Guyennais. A separate language from Provençal (P. Blanchet 1990). Gascon speakers have limited intelligibility of Languedocien. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Ligurian [lij] Bonifacio, Corsica, and between the Italian border and Monaco. Alternate names: Ligure. Dialects: Genoese (Genoan, Genovese). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italian
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Limousin [lms] 10,000. Limousin Province. Haut-Limousin around Limoges, Guéret, and Nontron in Charente; Bas-Limousin around Correze and Périgord. Alternate names: Lemosin, Occitan. Dialects: Haut-Limousin, Bas-Limousin. Limousin, Languedocien, and Gascon are structurally separate languages (F. B. Agard). Partially intelligible to Provençal. In the north of the province people use a transition dialect with certain Oïl (north French) features. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Luxembourgeois [ltz] 40,000 in France (2001 J. Nousse). Spoken along the border with Germany and Luxemburg in the Moselle Department, Thionville, France. Alternate names: Frankish, Platt. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, West Middle German, Moselle Franconian
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Lyons Sign Language [lsg] Dialects: 250 miles from Paris, but difficult and little intelligibility of French Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language
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Picard [pcd] Most of the Region de Picardie (Amiens, Abbeville, Beauvais, St. Quentin), the Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Lille, Douai, Cambrai, Arras, Valenciennes, Boulogne sur Mer, Calais), except the Dunkerque District, and a little eastern zone (border with Picardie of the Region de Haute Normandie near Dieppe). Also spoken in Belgium. Alternate names: Rouchi, Chtimi. Dialects: Ponthieu, Vimeu, Hainaut, Artois, Lillois, Boulonnais, Santerre, Calaisis, Cambresis, Vermandois, Amienois (Amies). All dialects, including those in Belgium, are inherently intelligible to speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
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Portuguese [por] 750,000 in France (1989 National Geographic). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician
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Provençal [prv] 250,000 in France (1990 P. Blanchet). Population total all countries: 354,500. Southeastern France, province of Provence, south of Dauphiné, region of Nimes in Languedoc. Also spoken in Italy, Monaco. Alternate names: Prouvençau, Mistralien. Dialects: Transalpin, Niçard (Niçois), Maritime Provençal (Marseillais, Toulonnais, Varois), Gavot (Alpin, Valeien, Gapian, Forcalquieren), Rhodanien (Nimois), Dauphinois (Dromois). Gascon, Languedocien, and Limousin are structurally separate languages (F. Agard). Provençal and Languedocien (Occitan) are separate languages (P. Blanchet 1990). No Provençal variety is universally accepted as the standard literary form. Niçard and Northern Gavot (Valeien and Gapian) are more difficult for other dialect speakers to understand. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Romani, Balkan [rmn] 10,500 in France. Population includes 10,000 Arlija, 500 Dzambazi. Dialects: Arlija, Dzambazi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
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Romani, Sinte [rmo] 28,434 in France (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Sinti, Rommanes, Tsigane. Dialects: Manouche (Manuche, Manush). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
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Romani, Vlax [rmy] 10,000 in France. Population includes 8,000 Kalderash, 2,000 Lovari. Alternate names: Romenes, Rom, Tsigane, Vlax. Dialects: Kalderash, Lovari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
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Spanish [spa] Alternate names: Castillan. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian
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Vlaams [vls] 10,000 in France (1984 Menheere, 1993 Evenhuis). Westhoek (French Flanders). Alternate names: Flamand, Flemish, Vlaemsch. Dialects: Frans Vlaams (Vlaemsch). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian
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Extinct languages
Shuadit [sdt] Extinct. Department of Vaucluse in southern France, and city of Avignon. Alternate names: Shuadi, Judeo-Provençal, Judeo-Comtadine. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Zarphatic [zrp] Extinct. Alternate names: Judeo-French. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
Meaning country name: French derivation of Francia, "Land of the Franks". A frankon was a spear used by the early Franks, thus giving them their name. The term "Frank" later became associated with "free" as the Franks were the only truly freemen, since they subjugated the Romanized Gauls.
Gallia (Latin) from the name of a Celtic tribe. Many Celtic groups used similar names: compare Gaul and Galatia.
Description Flag:
In brief we can accept that the colours are basically those of Paris as used on the day of the storming of the Bastille, mixed with the Royal white. It is thought that the Marquis de Lafayette was responsible for inventing the red, white and blue cockade which soon became compulsory for Revolutionaries in 1789. We don't have to believe that the combination arose because the King placed a red-blue cockade in his hat next to a Royal white one, but combinations of Revolutionary and Royal emblems were common at that time.
The flag was created in 1790 but with the colours the reverse of what they are today, i.e. with red at the hoist, and revised in 1794 to the modern form. The 1790 flag existed only as part of the jack and ensign of the navy.
The flag went out of use with Napoléon I's defeat at Waterloo, but was brought back in 1830 (again by Lafayette) and has remained in use ever since. Although significances have been attached to the colours these are all spurious and invented after the fact. The red and blue of Paris were the livery colours of the coat of arms and natural ones for use by the militia.
The colors of the French flag "combine" different symbols, invented after the fact:
Blue is the color of Saint Martin, a rich Gallo-Roman officer who ripped his blue coat with his sword to give one half of it to a poor who was begging him in the snow. This is the symbol of care, of the duty that the rich had to help the poor.
White is the color of the Virgin Mary, to whom the Kingdom of France was consecrated by Louis XIII in the 17th century; it is also the color of Joan of Arc, under whose banner the English were finally driven out of the Kingdom (15th century). It became logically the color of Royalty. The King's vessels carried plain white flags at sea.
Red is the color of Saint Denis, the saint patron of Paris. The original oriflamme (war banner) of the Kings was the red oriflamme of Saint Denis.
Coat of arms:
The current coat of arms of France has been a symbol of France since 1953, although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms. It appears on the cover of French passports and was originally adopted by the French Foreign Ministry as a symbol for use by diplomatic and consular missions in 1912 using a design drawn up by the sculptor Jules-Clément Chaplain.
In 1953, France received a request from the United Nations for a copy of the national coat of arms to be displayed alongside the coats of arms of other member states in its assembly chamber. An interministerial commission requested Robert Louis (1902–1965), heraldic artist, to produce a version of the Chaplain design. This did not, however, constitute an adoption of an official coat of arms by the Republic.
Technically speaking, it is an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not respect heraldic rules—heraldry being seen as an aristocratic art, and therefore associated with the Ancien Régime. The emblem consists of:
The symbol is used on plaques marking French consulatesA wide shield with lion-head terminal bears a monogram "RF" standing for République Française (French Republic).
An olive branch symbolises peace.
An oak branch symbolises perenity or wisdom.
The fasces is a symbol associated with justice (from Roman lictor's axes, in this case not fascism).
Motto:
" Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité "
National Anthem: La Marselleise
Allons enfants de la Patrie,
Le jour de gloire est arrivé
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L'étendard sanglant est levé.
L'étendard sanglant est levé:
Entendez-vous dans les campagnes
Mugir ces féroces soldats!
Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras
Égorger vos fils et vos compagnes.
Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu'un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons
Que veut cette horde d'esclaves
De traîtres, de rois conjurés?
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves
Ces fers dès longtemps préparés
Ces fers dès longtemps préparés
Français, pour nous, Ah quel outrage
Quel transport il doit exciter!
C'est nous qu'on ose méditer
De rendre à l'antique esclavage
Quoi! Des cohortes étrangères
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers!
Quoi! Ces phalanges mercenaires
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers.
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers.
Grand Dieu! Par des mains enchaînées
Nos fronts, sous le joug, se ploieraient.
De vils despotes deviendraient
Les maîtres de nos destinées
Tremblez tyrans, et vous perfides
L'opprobe de tous les partis.
Tremblez, vos projets parricides
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix!
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix!
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre.
S'ils tombent nos jeunes héros,
La terre en produit de nouveaux
Contre vous, tous prêts à se battre
Français en guerriers magnanimes
Portez ou retenez vos coups.
Épargnez ces tristes victimes
A regrets s'armant contre nous!
A regrets s'armant contre nous!
Mais ce despote sanguinaire
Mais les complices de Bouillé
Tous les tigres qui sans pitié
Déchirent le sein de leur mère!
Amour Sacré de la Patrie
Conduis, soutiens nos braves vengeurs.
Liberté, Liberté chérie
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire
Accoure à tes mâles accents
Que tes ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et nous, notre gloire
(« Couplet des enfants »)
Nous entrerons dans la carrière
Quand nos aînés n'y seront plus
Nous y trouverons leur poussière
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre
Que de partager leur cercueil.
Nous aurons le sublime orgueil
De les venger ou de les suivre
Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu'un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons
English
Arise, children of the fatherland
The day of glory has arrived!
Against us, the tyranny's
Bloody banner is raised. (repeat)
Do you hear in the fields
The howling of these savage soldiers?
They are coming into your midst
To cut the throats of your sons, your wives!
To arms, citizens!
Form your battalions!
Let us march, let us march!
May tainted blood
Water our fields!
What does this horde of slaves,
Traitors, and plotting kings want?
For whom these vile chains
These long-prepared irons? (repeat)
Frenchmen, for us, ah! What outrage,
What fury it must arouse!
It is us they dare plan
To return to the old slavery!
To arms, citizens...
What! These foreign cohorts!
They would make laws in our homes!
What! These mercenary phalanxes
Would cut down our proud warriors! (repeat)
Good Lord! By chained hands
Our brow would yield under the yoke
The vile despots would become
The masters of our destinies!
To arms, citizens...
Tremble, tyrants and traitors
The shame of all good men
Tremble! Your parricidal schemes
Will receive their just reward! (repeat)
Against you, we are all soldiers
If our young heroes fall,
The earth will bear new ones,
Ready to join the fight against you!
To arms, citizens...
Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors,
Bear or hold back your blows!
Spare these sad victims
That they may regret taking up arms against us (repeat)
But not these bloody despots
These accomplices of Bouillé
All these tigers who mercilessly
Ripped out their mother's breast!
To arms, citizens...
Sacred patriotic love,
Lead and support our avenging arms
Liberty, cherished liberty,
Fight back with your defenders! (repeat)
Under our flags, let victory
Hurry to your manly tone,
So that your enemies, in their last breath,
See your triumph and our glory!
To arms, citizens...
(Children's Verse)
We shall enter the career
When our elders will no longer be there
There we shall find their dust
And the mark of their virtues (repeat)
Much less jealous of surviving them
Than of sharing their coffins,
We shall have the sublime pride
Of avenging or following them!
To arms, citizens...
Internet Page: www.franceguide.com
France in diferent languages
eng | fra | frp | fur | jnf | wln: France
ast | cos | glg | ina | ita | lld-bad | scn | spa: Francia
cat | oci | por: França
tet | tur | zza: Fransa
afr | fry: Frankryk
arg | lld-grd: Franzia
est | vor: Prantsusmaa
hat | ibo: Frans
ind | msa: Perancis / ڤرانچيس
isl | non: Frakkland
kaa | uzb: Frantsiya, Fransiya / Франция
kin | run: Ubufaransa
lav | slv: Francija
lim | stq: Frankriek
nor | swe: Frankrike
nso | sot: Foranse
roh-enb | roh-gri: Frantscha
acf: Lafwans; Fwans
aze: Fransa / Франса
bam: Faransi
bos: Francuska / Француска
bre: Bro-C’hall; Frañs
ces: Francie
cor: Pow Frynk
crh: Frenkistan / Френкистан
csb: Frańcëskô; Francëjô
cym: Ffrainc
dan: Frankrig
deu: Frankreich / Frankreich
dsb: Francojska
epo: Francujo; Francio
eus: Frantzia
fao: Frakland
fin: Ranska
gag: Franţiya / Франция
gla: An Fhraing
gle: An Fhrainc / An Ḟrainc
glv: Yn Rank
hau: Faransi; Faransai
haw: Palani; Farani
hrv: Francuska
hsb: Francoska
hun: Franciaország
jav: Perancis
kab: Fransa / ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ
kal: Franskit Nunaat (France); Frankrigi
kmr: Fransî / Франси / فرانسی; Fransê / Франсе / فرانسێ; Fransizîstan / Франсьзистан / فرانسزیستان
kur: Fransa / فرانسا
lat: Gallia; Francogallia; Francia
lin: Falansia
lit: Prancūzija
liv: Prantsūzmō
ltz: Frankräich / Frankräich
lug: Bufaransa
mfe: Lafrans
mlg: Frantsa
mlt: Franza
mol: Franţa / Франца
mri: Wīwī
nds: Frankriek / Frankriek
nld: Frankrijk
nrm: Fraunce
pap: Fransha
pol: Francja
que: Phransya
rmo: Váltši
rmy: Frančiya / क़्रान्चिया
roh-eno: Frauntscha
roh-srs: Frontscha
ron: Franţa
rup: Gallia; Frantsia
sag: Farânzi
sco: Fraunce
slk: Francúzsko
slo: Francia / Франциа; Franczem / Францзем
sme: Fráŋkriikka
smg: Prancūzėjė
smo: Farani
som: Faransiis; Faransa
sqi: Franca
srd: Frantza
swa: Ufaransa
szl: Francyjo
tah: Farāni
tgl: Pransya; Pransiya
tly: Fırəng / Фырәнг; Fırəngıston / Фырәнгыстон
ton: Falanise
tpi: Pranis
tuk: Fransiýa / Франция
vie: Pháp
vol: Fransän
wol: Faraas
xho: iFransi
zul: iFulansi
chu: Франкія (Frankīja)
abq | alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Франция (Francija)
ady | kbd: Францие (Francie)
che | chv: Франци (Franci)
mon | oss: Франц (Franc)
bak: Франция / Franciya
bel: Францыя / Francyja
chm: Франций (Francij)
kaz: Франция / Francïya / فرانتسيا
mkd: Франција (Francija)
srp: Француска / Francuska
tat: Франция / Fransiä
tgk: Фаронса / فرانسه / Faronsa; Франсия / فرنسیه / Fransija
ukr: Франція (Francija)
xal: Пранц (Pranc)
ara: فرنسا (Faransā)
ckb: فەڕەنسا / Feṟensa; فەرەنسا / Ferensa
fas: فرانسه (Farānse)
prs: فرانسه (Frānsâ)
pus: فرانسه (Frānsâ); فرانس (Frāns)
snd: فرانس (Frānsa)
swb: فَرًتْسَ / Farantsa
uig: فرانسىيە / Fransiye / Франция
urd: فرانس (Farāns)
div: ފްރާންސް (Frāns); ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް (Faransēsivilāt)
syr: ܦܪܢܣܐ (Pransā)
heb: צרפת (Tsarəfat)
lad: פ'ראנסיה / Fransia
yid: פֿראַנקרײַך (Frankrayḫ)
amh: ፈረንሣይ (Färänśay); ፈረንሳይ (Färänsay); ፍራንስ (Frans)
tir: ፈረንሳ (Färänsa)
ell: Γαλλία (Gallía)
hye: Ֆրանսիա (Fransia)
kat: საფრანგეთი (Saṗrangeṭi)
mar | nep: फ्रान्स (Pʰrāns)
hin: फ़्रांस (Frāṁs); फ्रांस (Pʰrāṁs); फ़्राँस (Frā̃ns)
ben: ফ্রান্স (Pʰrāns)
guj: ફ્રાંસ (Pʰrāṁs); ફ્રાઁસ (Pʰrā̃s)
pan: ਫਰਾਂਸ (Pʰrā̃s)
sin: ප්රංශය (Praṁšaya)
kan: ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ (Pʰrāns); ಪ್ರಾಂಸ್ (Prāṁs)
mal: ഫ്രാന്സ് (Pʰrāns)
tam: பிரான்ஸ் (Pirāṉs); பிரெஞ்சு (Pireñču); பிரான்சு (Pirāṉču)
tel: ఫ్రాన్స్ (Pʰrāns)
zho: 法國/法国 (Fǎguó); 法蘭西/法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)
yue: 法國/法国 (Faatgwok); 法蘭西/法兰西 (Faatlāahnsāi)
jpn: フランス (Furansu)
kor: 프랑스 (Peurangseu)
bod: ཕ་རན་སི་ (Pʰa.ran.si.); ཧྥ་རན་ས་ (Hpʰa.ran.sa.); ཧྥ་གོ་ (Hpʰa.go.)
dzo: ཕརཱནསི་ (Pʰrānsi.)
mya: ပ္ရင္သစ္ (Pẏĩṯiʿ)
tha: ฝรั่งเศส (Farầṅsēt)
lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (Falầṅ); ຝຣັ່ງ (Frầṅ)
khm: បារាំង (Bārāṁṅ); បារាំងសែស (Bārāṁṅsæs)
C’hall / Frantziako / Frankriich / farāni / France / França
is a member state of the European Union located in its western region, with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents.[13] France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as L’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is bordered (clockwise from the north) by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain and Andorra. France's overseas departments and collectivities also share land borders with Brazil and Suriname (bordering French Guiana), and the Netherlands Antilles (bordering Saint-Martin). France is linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel.
France is the largest state in the European Union by area and the third largest in Europe behind Russia and Ukraine. It would be second if its extra-European territories like French Guiana were included. France has been a major power for many centuries with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Pacific islands.
France is one of the most developed countries and possesses the fifth largest economy by nominal GDP and seventh largest economy by purchasing power parity. France enjoys a high standard of living, although its quality of life index rating ranks it 25th in the world behind that of Greece, Belgium and Portugal. The country has a high public education level, it's one of the most globalised nations, has 2009's second best international reputation and has also one of the world's highest life expectancy. It is the most visited country in the world, receiving 82 million foreign tourists annually. France is one of the founding members of the European Union. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of the Francophonie, the G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO and the Latin Union. It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, possesses the third largest number of nuclear weapons in the world and the largest number of nuclear power plants in the European Union.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France
Geography
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_France
Other info
Oficial name:
(Native names)
République française
+ bre: Republik C’hall
cat: República Francesa
cos: Repubblica Francesa
eus: Frantziako Errepublika
gsw: Republik Frankriich / Republik Frankriich
nld-vls: Franse Republiek
oci: Republica francesa
tah: Repupirita farāni
Formation: French State 843 (Treaty of Verdun)
- Current constitution 1958 (5th Republic)
Sup:
543.965 km2
Inhabitants:
63.587.700
Capital city:
Paris
Languages:
Française, Breton, Corse, Deutsch, Basque, Catalan and Valam
Alemannisch [gsw] 1,500,000 in France (1988 Hawkins in B. Comrie). Northeastern France, Alsace. Alternate names: Alemannic. Dialects: Alsatian (Alsacien, Elsaessisch). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Upper German, Alemannic
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Auvergnat [auv] 1,315,000 (2004). Auvergne; Haut-Auvergnat in Cantal and south of Haute-Loire; Bas-Auvergnat in the north of Haute-Loire and in Puy-de-Dome. Alternate names: Auvernhas, Auverne, Occitan. Dialects: Haut-Auvergnat, Bas-Auvergnat. Highly fragmented dialect situation, with limited intelligibility between northern and southern varieties. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Basque, Navarro-Labourdin [bqe] 67,500 (1991). Population includes 45,000 Labourdin, 22,500 Lower Navarro. Total Basque speakers in France estimated at 80,000. Ethnic population: 730,000 (1993 Johnstone). French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Labourd (Lapurdi), and Basse-Navarre departments. Alternate names: Navarro-Labourdin. Dialects: Labourdin (Lapurdiera), Eastern Low Navarrese (Benaffarera, Bajo Navarro Oriental), Western Low Navarrese (Bajo Navarro Occidental). Navarro-Labourdin is diverse from other Basque dialects, and needs separate literature. Classification: Basque
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Basque, Souletin [bsz] 8,700 (1991). French-Spanish border, 800 square miles surrounding Bayonne, Soule, Pyrénées Atlantiques Province. Alternate names: Souletin, Souletino, Suletino, Xiberoera, Zuberoera, Suberoan. Dialects: Souletin is more diverse and speakers have difficulty understanding other varieties, especially for complex and abstract discourse. Separate literature desired and needed. Classification: Basque
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Breton [bre] 500,000 in France (1989 ICDBL). 1,200,000 know Breton who do not regularly use it. Population total all countries: 532,722. Western Brittany, and dispersed in Eastern Brittany and Breton emigrant communities throughout the world. Also spoken in USA. Alternate names: Brezhoneg. Dialects: Leonais, Tregorrois, Vannetais, Cornouaillais. Classification: Indo-European, Celtic, Insular, Brythonic
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Caló [rmr] 21,580 in France (2000 WCD). Southern France. Alternate names: Gitano, Iberian Romani. Dialects: Basque Calo, Catalonian Calo, Spanish Calo. Classification: Mixed Language, Iberian-Romani
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Catalan-Valencian-Balear [cat] 100,000 in France (1996). Catalonian France. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, East Iberian
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Corsican [cos] 341,000 in Corsica (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 402,000. Corsica, Paris, Marseilles. Also spoken in Bolivia, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela. Alternate names: Corsu, Corso, Corse, Corsi. Dialects: Sartenais, Vico-Ajaccio, Northern Corsican (Cape Cors, Bastia), Venaco. Corsican is in the Tuscan group of Italian varieties. Southern Corsican is closer to Northern Sardinian or Gallurese than other Corsican dialects (R. A. Hall, Jr.). Lexical similarity 79% to 89% among dialects of Bastia, Venaco, Vico, and Sartene. Bonifacio on the southern tip of the island has 78% lexical similarity (highest) with Bastia at extreme north. Ajaccio dialect is central and prestigious. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Southern, Corsican
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Dutch [nld] 80,000 in Westhoek. Westhoek in the northeast corner of France between the Artois Hills and the Belgium border. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian
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Esperanto [epo] 200 to 2,000 (1996). Speakers in about 115 countries, used most widely in central and eastern Europe, China and other countries in eastern Asia, certain areas of South America, and southwest Asia. Alternate names: La Lingvo Internacia. Classification: Artificial language
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Franco-Provençal [frp] Population total all countries: 77,000. Savoie, Fribourg, and Valais, southeastern France, near the Italian and Switzerland borders. Also spoken in Italy, Switzerland. Alternate names: Patois, Arpitan. Dialects: Dauphinois, Lyonnais, Neuchatelais, Savoyard. Structurally separate language from Provençal, French, Piemontese, and Lombard (F. B. Agard). In Switzerland, every canton has its own dialect, with no standardization. Difficult intelligibility among the dialects, and especially with Fribourg. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, Southeastern
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French [fra] 51,000,000 in France. Population total all countries: 64,858,311. Also spoken in Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Guadeloupe, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Monaco, Morocco, New Caledonia, Niger, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna. Alternate names: Français. Dialects: Standard French, Norman (Normand), Angevin, Berrichon, Bourbonnais, Bourguignon, Franc-Comtois, Gallo, Poitevin, Santongeais, Lorraine. Lexical similarity 89% with Italian, 80% with Sardinian, 78% with Rheto-Romance, 75% with Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish, 29% with German, 27% with English. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
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French Sign Language [fsl] 50,000 to 100,000 primary users in France (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). 1,000 users of Marseille Sign Language (1975 Sallagooty). Southern FSL is used in Marseille, Toulon, La Ciotat, and Salon de Provence. Also used in Togo. Alternate names: Langue des Signes Française, LSF, FSL. Dialects: Marseille Sign Language (Southern French Sign Language). Many sign languages have been influenced by this, but are not necessarily intelligible with it. Reported to be partially intelligible with sign languages from Austria, Czech Republic, and Italy, at least. Lexical similarity 43% with American Sign Language in an 872-wordlist. Classification: Deaf sign language
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Gascon [gsc] 250,000 in France (1990 P. Blanchet). Population total all countries: 253,814. Ethnic population: 400,000 (1982) in the Béarn region of southern Gasconha, France; 51% speak Gascon, 70% understand it, 85% are in favor of saving it. Gascogne Province, from Médoc to the Pyrénées, from the Atlantic to the Catalan area. Béarnese is spoken by a strong majority in the Béarn. Also spoken in Spain. Alternate names: Occitan. Dialects: Landais, Béarnais (Biarnese), Ariégeois, Aranese. Gascon, Languedocien, and Limousin are structurally separate languages (F.B. Agard). Gascon speakers have some comprehension of Provençal; some or limited comprehension of Languedocien (reports differ). Inherently intelligible with Aranese Gascon in Spain, which is a dialect. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Greek [ell] Cargese, Corsica. Dialects: Cargese. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic
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Interlingua [ina] Alternate names: Interlingua de Iala. Classification: Artificial language
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Italian [ita] 1,000,000 in France (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian
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Languedocien [lnc] 5,000. Languedoc Province, from Montpellier to Toulouse, Bordeaux, Rodez, and Albi. Alternate names: Lengadoucian, Languedoc, Langadoc, Occitan, Occitani. Dialects: Bas-Languedocien, Languedocien Moyen, Haut-Languedocien, Guyennais. A separate language from Provençal (P. Blanchet 1990). Gascon speakers have limited intelligibility of Languedocien. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Ligurian [lij] Bonifacio, Corsica, and between the Italian border and Monaco. Alternate names: Ligure. Dialects: Genoese (Genoan, Genovese). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italian
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Limousin [lms] 10,000. Limousin Province. Haut-Limousin around Limoges, Guéret, and Nontron in Charente; Bas-Limousin around Correze and Périgord. Alternate names: Lemosin, Occitan. Dialects: Haut-Limousin, Bas-Limousin. Limousin, Languedocien, and Gascon are structurally separate languages (F. B. Agard). Partially intelligible to Provençal. In the north of the province people use a transition dialect with certain Oïl (north French) features. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Luxembourgeois [ltz] 40,000 in France (2001 J. Nousse). Spoken along the border with Germany and Luxemburg in the Moselle Department, Thionville, France. Alternate names: Frankish, Platt. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, West Middle German, Moselle Franconian
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Lyons Sign Language [lsg] Dialects: 250 miles from Paris, but difficult and little intelligibility of French Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language
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Picard [pcd] Most of the Region de Picardie (Amiens, Abbeville, Beauvais, St. Quentin), the Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Lille, Douai, Cambrai, Arras, Valenciennes, Boulogne sur Mer, Calais), except the Dunkerque District, and a little eastern zone (border with Picardie of the Region de Haute Normandie near Dieppe). Also spoken in Belgium. Alternate names: Rouchi, Chtimi. Dialects: Ponthieu, Vimeu, Hainaut, Artois, Lillois, Boulonnais, Santerre, Calaisis, Cambresis, Vermandois, Amienois (Amies). All dialects, including those in Belgium, are inherently intelligible to speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
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Portuguese [por] 750,000 in France (1989 National Geographic). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician
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Provençal [prv] 250,000 in France (1990 P. Blanchet). Population total all countries: 354,500. Southeastern France, province of Provence, south of Dauphiné, region of Nimes in Languedoc. Also spoken in Italy, Monaco. Alternate names: Prouvençau, Mistralien. Dialects: Transalpin, Niçard (Niçois), Maritime Provençal (Marseillais, Toulonnais, Varois), Gavot (Alpin, Valeien, Gapian, Forcalquieren), Rhodanien (Nimois), Dauphinois (Dromois). Gascon, Languedocien, and Limousin are structurally separate languages (F. Agard). Provençal and Languedocien (Occitan) are separate languages (P. Blanchet 1990). No Provençal variety is universally accepted as the standard literary form. Niçard and Northern Gavot (Valeien and Gapian) are more difficult for other dialect speakers to understand. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Romani, Balkan [rmn] 10,500 in France. Population includes 10,000 Arlija, 500 Dzambazi. Dialects: Arlija, Dzambazi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan
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Romani, Sinte [rmo] 28,434 in France (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Sinti, Rommanes, Tsigane. Dialects: Manouche (Manuche, Manush). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
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Romani, Vlax [rmy] 10,000 in France. Population includes 8,000 Kalderash, 2,000 Lovari. Alternate names: Romenes, Rom, Tsigane, Vlax. Dialects: Kalderash, Lovari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
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Spanish [spa] Alternate names: Castillan. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian
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Vlaams [vls] 10,000 in France (1984 Menheere, 1993 Evenhuis). Westhoek (French Flanders). Alternate names: Flamand, Flemish, Vlaemsch. Dialects: Frans Vlaams (Vlaemsch). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian
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Extinct languages
Shuadit [sdt] Extinct. Department of Vaucluse in southern France, and city of Avignon. Alternate names: Shuadi, Judeo-Provençal, Judeo-Comtadine. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc
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Zarphatic [zrp] Extinct. Alternate names: Judeo-French. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
Meaning country name: French derivation of Francia, "Land of the Franks". A frankon was a spear used by the early Franks, thus giving them their name. The term "Frank" later became associated with "free" as the Franks were the only truly freemen, since they subjugated the Romanized Gauls.
Gallia (Latin) from the name of a Celtic tribe. Many Celtic groups used similar names: compare Gaul and Galatia.
Description Flag:
In brief we can accept that the colours are basically those of Paris as used on the day of the storming of the Bastille, mixed with the Royal white. It is thought that the Marquis de Lafayette was responsible for inventing the red, white and blue cockade which soon became compulsory for Revolutionaries in 1789. We don't have to believe that the combination arose because the King placed a red-blue cockade in his hat next to a Royal white one, but combinations of Revolutionary and Royal emblems were common at that time.
The flag was created in 1790 but with the colours the reverse of what they are today, i.e. with red at the hoist, and revised in 1794 to the modern form. The 1790 flag existed only as part of the jack and ensign of the navy.
The flag went out of use with Napoléon I's defeat at Waterloo, but was brought back in 1830 (again by Lafayette) and has remained in use ever since. Although significances have been attached to the colours these are all spurious and invented after the fact. The red and blue of Paris were the livery colours of the coat of arms and natural ones for use by the militia.
The colors of the French flag "combine" different symbols, invented after the fact:
Blue is the color of Saint Martin, a rich Gallo-Roman officer who ripped his blue coat with his sword to give one half of it to a poor who was begging him in the snow. This is the symbol of care, of the duty that the rich had to help the poor.
White is the color of the Virgin Mary, to whom the Kingdom of France was consecrated by Louis XIII in the 17th century; it is also the color of Joan of Arc, under whose banner the English were finally driven out of the Kingdom (15th century). It became logically the color of Royalty. The King's vessels carried plain white flags at sea.
Red is the color of Saint Denis, the saint patron of Paris. The original oriflamme (war banner) of the Kings was the red oriflamme of Saint Denis.
Coat of arms:
The current coat of arms of France has been a symbol of France since 1953, although it does not have any legal status as an official coat of arms. It appears on the cover of French passports and was originally adopted by the French Foreign Ministry as a symbol for use by diplomatic and consular missions in 1912 using a design drawn up by the sculptor Jules-Clément Chaplain.
In 1953, France received a request from the United Nations for a copy of the national coat of arms to be displayed alongside the coats of arms of other member states in its assembly chamber. An interministerial commission requested Robert Louis (1902–1965), heraldic artist, to produce a version of the Chaplain design. This did not, however, constitute an adoption of an official coat of arms by the Republic.
Technically speaking, it is an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not respect heraldic rules—heraldry being seen as an aristocratic art, and therefore associated with the Ancien Régime. The emblem consists of:
The symbol is used on plaques marking French consulatesA wide shield with lion-head terminal bears a monogram "RF" standing for République Française (French Republic).
An olive branch symbolises peace.
An oak branch symbolises perenity or wisdom.
The fasces is a symbol associated with justice (from Roman lictor's axes, in this case not fascism).
Motto:
" Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité "
National Anthem: La Marselleise
Allons enfants de la Patrie,
Le jour de gloire est arrivé
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L'étendard sanglant est levé.
L'étendard sanglant est levé:
Entendez-vous dans les campagnes
Mugir ces féroces soldats!
Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras
Égorger vos fils et vos compagnes.
Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu'un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons
Que veut cette horde d'esclaves
De traîtres, de rois conjurés?
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves
Ces fers dès longtemps préparés
Ces fers dès longtemps préparés
Français, pour nous, Ah quel outrage
Quel transport il doit exciter!
C'est nous qu'on ose méditer
De rendre à l'antique esclavage
Quoi! Des cohortes étrangères
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers!
Quoi! Ces phalanges mercenaires
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers.
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers.
Grand Dieu! Par des mains enchaînées
Nos fronts, sous le joug, se ploieraient.
De vils despotes deviendraient
Les maîtres de nos destinées
Tremblez tyrans, et vous perfides
L'opprobe de tous les partis.
Tremblez, vos projets parricides
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix!
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix!
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre.
S'ils tombent nos jeunes héros,
La terre en produit de nouveaux
Contre vous, tous prêts à se battre
Français en guerriers magnanimes
Portez ou retenez vos coups.
Épargnez ces tristes victimes
A regrets s'armant contre nous!
A regrets s'armant contre nous!
Mais ce despote sanguinaire
Mais les complices de Bouillé
Tous les tigres qui sans pitié
Déchirent le sein de leur mère!
Amour Sacré de la Patrie
Conduis, soutiens nos braves vengeurs.
Liberté, Liberté chérie
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire
Accoure à tes mâles accents
Que tes ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et nous, notre gloire
(« Couplet des enfants »)
Nous entrerons dans la carrière
Quand nos aînés n'y seront plus
Nous y trouverons leur poussière
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Et la trace de leur vertus!
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre
Que de partager leur cercueil.
Nous aurons le sublime orgueil
De les venger ou de les suivre
Aux armes citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons.
Marchons! Marchons!
Qu'un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons
English
Arise, children of the fatherland
The day of glory has arrived!
Against us, the tyranny's
Bloody banner is raised. (repeat)
Do you hear in the fields
The howling of these savage soldiers?
They are coming into your midst
To cut the throats of your sons, your wives!
To arms, citizens!
Form your battalions!
Let us march, let us march!
May tainted blood
Water our fields!
What does this horde of slaves,
Traitors, and plotting kings want?
For whom these vile chains
These long-prepared irons? (repeat)
Frenchmen, for us, ah! What outrage,
What fury it must arouse!
It is us they dare plan
To return to the old slavery!
To arms, citizens...
What! These foreign cohorts!
They would make laws in our homes!
What! These mercenary phalanxes
Would cut down our proud warriors! (repeat)
Good Lord! By chained hands
Our brow would yield under the yoke
The vile despots would become
The masters of our destinies!
To arms, citizens...
Tremble, tyrants and traitors
The shame of all good men
Tremble! Your parricidal schemes
Will receive their just reward! (repeat)
Against you, we are all soldiers
If our young heroes fall,
The earth will bear new ones,
Ready to join the fight against you!
To arms, citizens...
Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors,
Bear or hold back your blows!
Spare these sad victims
That they may regret taking up arms against us (repeat)
But not these bloody despots
These accomplices of Bouillé
All these tigers who mercilessly
Ripped out their mother's breast!
To arms, citizens...
Sacred patriotic love,
Lead and support our avenging arms
Liberty, cherished liberty,
Fight back with your defenders! (repeat)
Under our flags, let victory
Hurry to your manly tone,
So that your enemies, in their last breath,
See your triumph and our glory!
To arms, citizens...
(Children's Verse)
We shall enter the career
When our elders will no longer be there
There we shall find their dust
And the mark of their virtues (repeat)
Much less jealous of surviving them
Than of sharing their coffins,
We shall have the sublime pride
Of avenging or following them!
To arms, citizens...
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France in diferent languages
eng | fra | frp | fur | jnf | wln: France
ast | cos | glg | ina | ita | lld-bad | scn | spa: Francia
cat | oci | por: França
tet | tur | zza: Fransa
afr | fry: Frankryk
arg | lld-grd: Franzia
est | vor: Prantsusmaa
hat | ibo: Frans
ind | msa: Perancis / ڤرانچيس
isl | non: Frakkland
kaa | uzb: Frantsiya, Fransiya / Франция
kin | run: Ubufaransa
lav | slv: Francija
lim | stq: Frankriek
nor | swe: Frankrike
nso | sot: Foranse
roh-enb | roh-gri: Frantscha
acf: Lafwans; Fwans
aze: Fransa / Франса
bam: Faransi
bos: Francuska / Француска
bre: Bro-C’hall; Frañs
ces: Francie
cor: Pow Frynk
crh: Frenkistan / Френкистан
csb: Frańcëskô; Francëjô
cym: Ffrainc
dan: Frankrig
deu: Frankreich / Frankreich
dsb: Francojska
epo: Francujo; Francio
eus: Frantzia
fao: Frakland
fin: Ranska
gag: Franţiya / Франция
gla: An Fhraing
gle: An Fhrainc / An Ḟrainc
glv: Yn Rank
hau: Faransi; Faransai
haw: Palani; Farani
hrv: Francuska
hsb: Francoska
hun: Franciaország
jav: Perancis
kab: Fransa / ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ
kal: Franskit Nunaat (France); Frankrigi
kmr: Fransî / Франси / فرانسی; Fransê / Франсе / فرانسێ; Fransizîstan / Франсьзистан / فرانسزیستان
kur: Fransa / فرانسا
lat: Gallia; Francogallia; Francia
lin: Falansia
lit: Prancūzija
liv: Prantsūzmō
ltz: Frankräich / Frankräich
lug: Bufaransa
mfe: Lafrans
mlg: Frantsa
mlt: Franza
mol: Franţa / Франца
mri: Wīwī
nds: Frankriek / Frankriek
nld: Frankrijk
nrm: Fraunce
pap: Fransha
pol: Francja
que: Phransya
rmo: Váltši
rmy: Frančiya / क़्रान्चिया
roh-eno: Frauntscha
roh-srs: Frontscha
ron: Franţa
rup: Gallia; Frantsia
sag: Farânzi
sco: Fraunce
slk: Francúzsko
slo: Francia / Франциа; Franczem / Францзем
sme: Fráŋkriikka
smg: Prancūzėjė
smo: Farani
som: Faransiis; Faransa
sqi: Franca
srd: Frantza
swa: Ufaransa
szl: Francyjo
tah: Farāni
tgl: Pransya; Pransiya
tly: Fırəng / Фырәнг; Fırəngıston / Фырәнгыстон
ton: Falanise
tpi: Pranis
tuk: Fransiýa / Франция
vie: Pháp
vol: Fransän
wol: Faraas
xho: iFransi
zul: iFulansi
chu: Франкія (Frankīja)
abq | alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Франция (Francija)
ady | kbd: Францие (Francie)
che | chv: Франци (Franci)
mon | oss: Франц (Franc)
bak: Франция / Franciya
bel: Францыя / Francyja
chm: Франций (Francij)
kaz: Франция / Francïya / فرانتسيا
mkd: Франција (Francija)
srp: Француска / Francuska
tat: Франция / Fransiä
tgk: Фаронса / فرانسه / Faronsa; Франсия / فرنسیه / Fransija
ukr: Франція (Francija)
xal: Пранц (Pranc)
ara: فرنسا (Faransā)
ckb: فەڕەنسا / Feṟensa; فەرەنسا / Ferensa
fas: فرانسه (Farānse)
prs: فرانسه (Frānsâ)
pus: فرانسه (Frānsâ); فرانس (Frāns)
snd: فرانس (Frānsa)
swb: فَرًتْسَ / Farantsa
uig: فرانسىيە / Fransiye / Франция
urd: فرانس (Farāns)
div: ފްރާންސް (Frāns); ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް (Faransēsivilāt)
syr: ܦܪܢܣܐ (Pransā)
heb: צרפת (Tsarəfat)
lad: פ'ראנסיה / Fransia
yid: פֿראַנקרײַך (Frankrayḫ)
amh: ፈረንሣይ (Färänśay); ፈረንሳይ (Färänsay); ፍራንስ (Frans)
tir: ፈረንሳ (Färänsa)
ell: Γαλλία (Gallía)
hye: Ֆրանսիա (Fransia)
kat: საფრანგეთი (Saṗrangeṭi)
mar | nep: फ्रान्स (Pʰrāns)
hin: फ़्रांस (Frāṁs); फ्रांस (Pʰrāṁs); फ़्राँस (Frā̃ns)
ben: ফ্রান্স (Pʰrāns)
guj: ફ્રાંસ (Pʰrāṁs); ફ્રાઁસ (Pʰrā̃s)
pan: ਫਰਾਂਸ (Pʰrā̃s)
sin: ප්රංශය (Praṁšaya)
kan: ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ (Pʰrāns); ಪ್ರಾಂಸ್ (Prāṁs)
mal: ഫ്രാന്സ് (Pʰrāns)
tam: பிரான்ஸ் (Pirāṉs); பிரெஞ்சு (Pireñču); பிரான்சு (Pirāṉču)
tel: ఫ్రాన్స్ (Pʰrāns)
zho: 法國/法国 (Fǎguó); 法蘭西/法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)
yue: 法國/法国 (Faatgwok); 法蘭西/法兰西 (Faatlāahnsāi)
jpn: フランス (Furansu)
kor: 프랑스 (Peurangseu)
bod: ཕ་རན་སི་ (Pʰa.ran.si.); ཧྥ་རན་ས་ (Hpʰa.ran.sa.); ཧྥ་གོ་ (Hpʰa.go.)
dzo: ཕརཱནསི་ (Pʰrānsi.)
mya: ပ္ရင္သစ္ (Pẏĩṯiʿ)
tha: ฝรั่งเศส (Farầṅsēt)
lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (Falầṅ); ຝຣັ່ງ (Frầṅ)
khm: បារាំង (Bārāṁṅ); បារាំងសែស (Bārāṁṅsæs)