كؤماری / Iraq / اَلْعِرَاق / Iraque

Is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.

Iraq is bordered by Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (35 miles) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد‎ Baġdād), is in the center-east of the country.

Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the centre of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.

Historically, the territory comprising Iraq was known in Europe by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers). Iraq has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing and the wheel.

Throughout its long history, Iraq has been the center of the Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid and Abbasid empires, and part of the Achaemenid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Ottoman and British empires. The Kingdom of Iraq was founded in 1932.

Beginning with an invasion in 2003, Iraq came under military occupation by a multinational coalition of forces, mainly American and British.

The occupation ended when sovereignty was transferred to the Iraqi Interim Government June 2004. As of January 2010, 112,000 US troops remain in the country. A new Constitution of Iraq has since been approved by referendum and a new Government of Iraq has been elected. There is a deadline for the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq by 31 December 2011.

 

History

Please go to :

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iraq

 

Geography

The geography of Iraq is diverse and falls into four main regions: the desert (west of the Euphrates River), Upper Mesopotamia (between the upper Tigris and Euphrates rivers), the northern highlands of Iraqi Kurdistan, and Lower Mesopotamia, the alluvial plain at the head of the Persian Gulf.

The mountains in the northeast are an extension of the alpine system that runs eastward from the Balkans through southern Turkey, northern Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, eventually reaching the Himalayas. The desert is in the southwest and central provinces along the borders with Saudi Arabia and Jordan and geographically belongs with the Arabian Peninsula.

Iraq holds a special distinction in the history of geography: a clay tablet generally accepted as "the earliest known map" was unearthed in 1930 during the excavation of Ga-Sur at Nuzi Yorghan Tepe, near the towns of Harran and Kirkuk, 200 miles (322 km) north of the site of Babylon. The tablet, measuring 6.8 in × 7.6 in (173 mm × 193 mm), is usually dated from the dynasty of Sargon of Akkad between 2,300-2,500 BC; an even earlier date for the tablet was promulgated by archeologist Leo Bagrow, placing it in the Agade Period (3,800 BC).

 

Other Info

Oficial Name:

جمهوريّة العراق-Jumhūriyyat ul-ʿIrāq

Jomhūrī-ye Īrāq

kur: کۆمارا ئیراقێ / Komara Îraqê

 

Independence:

Ottoman Empire, October 1, 1919

- from the United Kingdom, October 3, 1932

 

Area:

434.128km2

 

Inhabitants:

26.900.000

 

Languages:

Adyghe [ady] 19,000 in Iraq (1993). Alternate names: West Circassian, Adygey. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Circassian

More information.

 

Arabic, Gulf Spoken [afb] 40,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries: 2,338,600. In and around Zubair and on the Fau Peninsula. Also spoken in Bahrain, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Alternate names: Khaliji, Gulf Arabic. Dialects: Zubair-Faau Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Arabic, Judeo-Iraqi [yhd] 100 to 150 in Iraq (1992 H. Mutzafi). Most in Israel. Alternate names: Iraqi Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Iraqi-Baghdadi Arabic, Arabi, Yahudic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken [acm] 11,500,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries: 15,100,000. Tigris and Euphrates clusters are in Iraq. Also spoken in Iran, Jordan, Syria, Turkey (Asia). Alternate names: Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic, Baghdadi Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Furati. Dialects: Anatolian Cluster, Tigris Cluster, Euphrates Cluster. Geographical and sectarian divisions correlate with Iraqi dialects. The vernacular standard is forming based on Baghdad speech. There are also Bedouin dialects. Nearly unintelligible to speakers of certain other vernacular Arabic varieties. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Arabic, Najdi Spoken [ars] 900,000 in Iraq. Central Najdi is spoken by Bedouin in the western desert, North Najdi by Bedouin in the south between the rivers up to the Syrian border. Dialects: North Najdi (Shammar), Central Najdi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Arabic, North Mesopotamian Spoken [ayp] 5,400,000 in Iraq (1992). Population total all countries: 6,300,000. Along most of the Tigris and part of the Euphrates valleys north of Baghdad. Also spoken in Jordan, Syria, Turkey (Asia). Alternate names: Syro-Mesopotamian Vernacular Arabic, Moslawi, Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic. Dialects: Very close to Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, but there are important sociolinguistic differences. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Arabic, Standard [arb] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

More information.

 

Armenian [hye] 60,000 in Iraq. Dialects: Western Armenian. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian

More information.

 

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic [aii] 30,000 in Iraq (1994). Population total all countries: 210,231. Ethnic population: 4,250,000 (1994). Northern Iraq, Baghdad, Basrah, Karkuk, Arbil. Also spoken in Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia (Europe), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey (Asia), United Kingdom, USA. Alternate names: Lishana Aturaya, Suret, Sooreth, Sureth, Suryaya Swadaya, Assyrian, Neo-Syriac, Assyriski, Aisorski, Assyrianci. Dialects: Close linguistically to other Northeastern Aramaic varieties. Inherent intelligibility is hard to estimate due to intense exposure of most speakers throughout the Assyrian diaspora to many dialects, especially to Urmi and Iraqi Koine. Only because of this exposure is actual intelligibility between different dialects as high as 80% to 90%. Subdialects of the Urmian group: Urmi, Sipurghan, Solduz; of the Northern Group: Salamas, Van, Jilu, Gavar, Qudshanis, Upper Barwari, Dez, Baz; of the Central Group: Mar Bishu, Nochiya (Shamezdin), Tergawar, Anhar; of the Western Group: Tkhuma, Lower Barwari, Tal, Lewin. The Sapna cluster includes Aradhin, Tina, Daudiya, Inishke, Benatha. Standard literary Assyrian is based on Urmi. Many speakers have left the original areas and have developed a common spoken and written form based on the prestigious Urmi dialect as spoken by those from Iraq living in Baghdad, Chicago, and elsewhere (Iraqi Koine). Most Christians understand it. The Urmi subdialect of this language is different from the Urmi subdialect of Lishán Didán. All dialects of Western, Northern, and Central Assyrian are spoken in Syria. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern

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Azerbaijani, South [azb] 300,000 to 900,000 in Iraq (1982). Kirkuk City, Arbil, Rowanduz, towns and villages southeast from Kirkuk as far as Al Miqdadiyah, Khanaqin, and Mandali; also several places in the Mosul Region. Dialects: Kirkuk. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani

More information.

 

Bajelani [bjm] 20,000 (1976 Sara). Qasr-e Shirin, Zohab, Bin Qudra, Quratu, north of Khanaqin, also in Mosul Province. Since late 1980s, many have become displaced. Alternate names: Bajalani, Gurani, Chichamachu, Bajoran, Bejwan. Dialects: In the Gurani and Zaza group. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

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Chaldean Neo-Aramaic [cld] 100,000 to 120,000 in Iraq (1994 Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 206,000. Originally in central western and northern Iraqi Kurdistan and some in bordering Turkey. Now in Mosul, Baghdad, Basrah, southeastern Iraqi Kurdistan. Also spoken in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Lebanon, Netherlands, Sweden, Syria, Turkey (Asia), USA. Alternate names: Chaldean, Kildani, Kaldaya, Neo-Chaldean, Modern Chaldean, Sureth, Soorith, Soorath, Suras, Lishana Kaldaya, Fellihi, Fallani. Dialects: Mangesh, Alqosh, Tel Kepe, Tisqopa, Bartille, Shirnak-Chizre (Bohtan), Dihok. High intelligibility of Lishana Deni and Ashirat (western dialect group of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic); little or no intelligibilty with other Northeastern Aramaic varieties. Comprehension among all of these improves with contact. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern

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Domari [rmt] 22,946 in Iraq (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Middle Eastern Romani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom

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Farsi, Western [pes] 227,000 in Iraq (1993). Alternate names: Persian. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian

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Gurani [hac] 21,099 in Iraq (2000 WCD). Several hundred thousand for group of Gurani speakers in both Iraq and Iran (Blau 1989). Population total all countries: 44,047. Near Halabja, east of Suleimaniye, Topzawa near Tawuq, pockets ('islands') from Mosul to Khanaqin. Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: Hawrami, Hewrami, Hawramani, Gorani, Macho. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

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Koy Sanjaq Surat [kqd] 800 to 1,000 (1995 H. Mutzafi). Northern Iraq, town of Koi-Sanjaq, and nearby village of Armota. Alternate names: Koi Sanjaq Soorit, Koy Sanjaq Soorit, Koi-Sanjaq Sooret, Koy Sanjaq Sooret. Dialects: Related in certain morphological and lexical respects to Senaya. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern

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Kurdish, Central [ckb] 462,000 in Iraq (2004). Population total all countries: 3,712,000. South of the Great Zab River, in Suleimaniye, Arbil, Kirkuk, and Khanaqin and Mandali provinces. Speakers have also been displaced. Diaspora communities in other areas, including western Europe, USA. Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: Kurdi, Sorani. Dialects: Hewleri (Arbili), Xoshnaw, Pizhdar, Suleimani (Silemani), Warmawa, Rewandiz, Bingird, Mukri, Kerkuki, Garmiyani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish

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Kurdish, Northern [kmr] 2,800,000 in Iraq (2004). Northern Kurdish is spoken north of the Great Zab River, in Dohuk and Mosul provinces. Speech varieties, such as Surchi, sharing elements of both Northern and Central Kurdish, are spoken near the Great Zab River. Many speakers have been displaced since the late 1980s. Alternate names: Behdini, Bahdini, Badinani, Kirmanciya Jori, Kurmanji. Dialects: Surchi, Akre, Amadiye, Barwari Jor, Gulli, Zakho, Sheikhan. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish

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Kurdish, Southern [sdh] South of Xanaqin, Kirind, and Qorwaq. Dialects: Kolyai, Kermanshahi (Kermanshani), Kalhori, Sanjabi, Maleksh ahi (Maleksh ay), Bayray, Kordali, Feyli, Luri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish

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Sarli [sdf] Fewer than 20,000. North of Mosul, also in Kirkuk Province, many are displaced. Alternate names: Sarliya. Dialects: In the Gurani (Gorani) and Zaza group. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

More information.

 

Shabak [sdb] 10,000 to 20,000 (1989 Blau). In villages of Ali Rach, Yangija, Khazna, Talara, north of Mosul, but since late 1980s, many have become displaced. Dialects: In the Gurani (Gorani) and Zaza group. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

More information.

 

 

Extinct languages

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic [tmr] Extinct. Alternate names: Babylonian Talmudic Aramaic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern

 

Capital city:

Bagdad

 

Meaning country name:

From the city of Erech/Uruk (also known as "Warka") near the river Euphrates. Some archaeologists regard Uruk as the first major Sumerian city. Another theory suggests that Iraq derives from Irak, which in older Iranian languages meant the Lesser Iran. Note that the natives of the western part of today's Iran also called their area "the Persian Iraq" for many centuries.

Mesopotamia (ancient name and Greek variant): a loan-translation (Greek meso- (between) and potamos (river)) of the ancient Semitic Beth-Nahrin, "Between the Rivers", a reference to the Tigris and Euphrates.

 

Description Flag:

The flag of Iraq (Arabic: علم العراق) has had four different designs since the establishment of Iraq in 1921. While the current situation is not entirely clear, the version in use at present is a minor variation of the design adopted under the Saddam Hussein government in 1991.

A new national flag was proposed in April 2004 but was never adopted. At the ceremony on 28 June 2004 when the new interim government of Iraq was sworn into office, the stage was backed with a row of flags similar to the 1991 pattern, but wider, with the stars and the Arabic script more loosely spread across the width of the flag. The Arabic text (reading "Allahu Akbar") was also more stylized, in the Arabic Kufic script, unlike the previous text which had been loose handwriting, supposedly that of Saddam Hussein himself. This flag was raised at the Iraqi embassy in Washington, D.C. on 30 June 2004.

Note that, as with other flags containing Arabic script, the flag is displayed with the hoist side on the right, not the left

 

Coat of arms:

The Coat of arms of Iraq includes the golden Eagle of Saladin associated with 20th-century pan-Arabism, with a shield of the Iraqi flag, and holding a scroll below with the Arabic words الجمهورية العراقية (al-Jumhuriya al-`Iraqiya or "The Iraqi Republic)". The original Coat of arms in 1965, did not have the kufic script between the stars and the flag was placed vertically. This version remained in use until replaced by the present version in 2004.

 

Motto:

"Allahu Akbar"- الله أكبر

 

National Anthem: Mawtini : موطني ,“My Homeland”

 

Arab

مَــوطِــنــي مَــوطِــنِــي

الجـلالُ والجـمالُ والسَّــنَاءُ والبَهَاءُ

فـــي رُبَــاكْ فــي رُبَـــاكْ

 

والحـياةُ والنـجاةُ والهـناءُ والر جـاءُ

فــي هـــواكْ فــي هـــواكْ

هـــــلْ أراكْ هـــــلْ أراكْ

سـالِماً مُـنَـعَّـماً غانما مكرما سالما منعما غانما مكرما

هـــــلْ أراكْ فـي عُـــلاكْ

تبـلُـغُ السِّـمَـاكْ تبـلـغُ السِّـمَاك

مَــوطِــنِــي مَــوطِــنِــي

 

مَــوطِــنِــي مَــوطِــنِــي

الشبابُ لنْ يكِلَّ هَمُّهُ أنْ تستَقِـلَّ أو يَبيدْ

نَستقي منَ الـرَّدَى ولنْ نكونَ للعِــدَى

كالعَـبـيـــــدْ كالعَـبـيـــــدْ

 

لا نُريــــــدْ لا نُريــــــدْ

ذُلَّـنَـا المُـؤَبَّـدا وعَيشَـنَا المُنَكَّـدا

لا نُريــــــدْ بـلْ نُعيــــدْ

مَـجـدَنا التّـليـدْ مَـجـدَنا التّليـدْ

مَــوطِــنــي مَــوطِــنِــي

 

مَــوطِــنِــي مَــوطِــنِــي

الحُسَامُ و اليَـرَاعُ لا الكـلامُ والنزاعُ

رَمْــــــزُنا رَمْــــــزُنا

مَـجدُنا و عـهدُنا وواجـبٌ منَ الوَفا

يهُــــــزُّنا يهُــــــزُّنا

 

عِـــــــزُّنا عِـــــــزُّنا

غايةٌ تُـشَــرِّفُ و رايـةٌ ترَفـرِفُ

يا هَـــنَــاكْ فـي عُـــلاكْ

قاهِراً عِـــداكْ قاهِـراً عِــداكْ

مَــوطِــنِــي مَــوطِــنِــي

 

Transliteration

 

mawṭinī mawṭinī

al-ǧalālu wa-l-ǧamālu wa-s-sanā'u wa-l-bahā'u

fī rubāk fī rubāk

wa-l-ḥayātu wa-n-naǧātu wal-hanā'u wa-r-raǧā'u

fī hawāk fī hawāk

hal arāk hal arāk

sālimān munaʿamān wa ġānimān mukarramān

sālimān munaʿamān wa ġānimān mukarramān

hal arāk fī ʿulāk

tabluġu s-simāk tabluġu s-simāk

mawṭinī mawṭinī

mawṭinī mawṭinī

aš-šabābu lan yakilla hammahu an yastaqilla aw yabīd, aw yabid

nastaqī mina r-radá wa lan nakūna li-l-ʿidā' kālʿabīd, kālʿabīd

lā nurīd lā nurīd

ḏullanā mu'abbada wa ʿayšanā munakkada

ḏullanā mu'abbada wa ʿayšanā munakkada

lā nurīd bal nuʿīd

maǧdanā t-talīd maǧdanā t-talīd

mawṭinī mawṭinī

mawṭinī mawṭinī

al-ḥusāmu wa-l-yarāʿu lā l-kalām wa-n-nizāʿu

ramzunā ramzunā

maǧdunā wa ʿahdunā wa wāǧibun ilá l-wafā'

yahuzzunā yahuzzunā

ʿizzunā ʿizzunā

ġāyâtun tušarrifu wa rāyâtun turafrifu

ġāyâtun tušarrifu wa rāyâtun turafrifu

yā hanāk fī ʿulāk

qāhirān ʿidāk qāhirān ʿidāk

mawṭinī mawṭinī

 

English

 

My homeland, My homeland

Majesty and beauty, sublimity and splendor,

Are in your hills, Are in your hills,

Life and deliverance, pleasure and hope

Are in your air, Are in your air

Will I see you? Will I see you?

Safe and comforted, Sound and honored

Will I see you in your eminence?

Reaching to the stars, Reaching to the stars

My homeland, My homeland

My homeland, My homeland

The youth will not tire, 'till your independence

Or they die, Or they die

We will drink from death

And we will not be to our enemies

Like slaves, Like slaves

We do not want, We do not want

An eternal humiliation

Nor a miserable life,

We do not want

But we will bring back

Our great glory, Our great glory

My homeland, My homeland

The sword and the pen

Not the talk nor the quarrel

Are our symbols, Are our symbols

Our glory and our covenant

And a duty to be faithful

Arouse us, Arouse us

Our glory, Our glory

Is an honorable cause

And a waving standard

O, behold you

In your eminence

Victorious over your enemies

Victorious over your enemies

My homeland, My homeland

 

Internet Page:www.iraqigovernment.org

www.iraqimage.com

www.iraqtourism.org

 

Iraq in diferent languages

 

eng | ast | cat | frp | glg | ita | jnf | lld | mlt | que | scn | spa | zza: Iraq

afr | bre | cor | csb | dan | dsb | eus | fao | fin | fry | hat | hrv | hsb | hun | ibo | jav | lim | lin | nld | nor | pol | ron | slk | slv | sme | swe | szl | tgl | tpi | tur | wln: Irak

bam | kin | run | smo | swa: Iraki

arg | fra | ina | oci: Iraq; Irak

cym | fur | roh | rup: Irac

deu | ltz | nds: Irak / Irak

est | vor | wol: Iraak

bos | mol: Irak / Ирак

gag | kaa: İrak / Ирак

aze: İraq / Ираг

ces: Irák

cos: Iraccu

crh: Iraq / Ыракъ

epo: Irako

gla: Ioràc; Iarac; Iraq

gle: An Iaráic / An Iaráic; An Iráic / An Iráic

glv: Yn Earack

hau: Iraƙ; Iraq; Bagdaza

haw: ʻIlaka

ind: Irak / عراق

isl: Írak

kmr: Eraq / Әраq / ئەراق; Îraq / Ираq / ئیراق

kur: Îraq / ئیراق; Iraq / ئراق

lat: Iracia; Iraquia; Mesopotamia

lav: Irāka

lit: Irakas

mfe: Lirak

mlg: Iraka

msa: Iraq / عراق

nrm: Babylonîn; Iraq

por: Iraque

rmy: Irak / इराक

slo: Irakia / Иракиа

smg: Ėraks

som: Ciraaq

sqi: Iraku

srd: Iràq

tet: Irake

ton: ʻIulaki

tuk: Yrak / Ырак

uzb: Iroq / Ироқ

vie: I-rắc

vol: Lirakän

abq | alt | bul | che | chm | chv | kbd | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | mkd | mon | oss | rus | tyv | udm: Ирак (Irak)

ava: ГӀиракъ (ʿIraq̇)

bak: Ирак / İrak

bel: Ірак / Irak

kaz: Ирак / Ïrak / يراك; Ирақ / Ïraq / يراق

lbe: Иракьул (Iraq̇ul)

srp: Ирак / Irak

tab: Иракь (Iraq̇)

tat: Гыйрак / Ğıyraq

tgk: Ироқ / عراق / Iroq

ukr: Ірак (Irak)

ara: العراق (al-ʿIrāq)

ckb: عیڕاق / ʿÎṟaq; عێڕاق / ʿÊṟaq; ئیڕاق / Îṟaq; ئێڕاق / Êṟaq; عیراق / ʿÎraq; عێراق / ʿÊraq

fas: عراق / Erâq

prs: عراق (ʿErāq)

pus: عراق (ʿIrāq)

snd: عراق (ʿIrāqu)

uig: ئىراق / Iraq / Ирақ

urd: عراق (ʿIrāq)

div: އިރާގް (Irāg)

syr: ܥܪܩ (ʿIraq); ܥܝܪܐܩ (ʿĪrāq)

heb: ערק (ʿIraq); עראק (ʿIrâq); עירק (ʿÎraq); עיראק (ʿÎrâq)

lad: איראק / Irak

yid: איראַק (Irak)

amh: ኢራቅ (Iraḳ)

ell-dhi: Ιράκ (Irák)

ell-kat: Ἰράκ (Irák)

hye: Իրաք (Iraḳ)

kat: ერაყი (Eraqi)

hin: इराक़ (Irāq); इराक (Irāk)

mar: इराक (Irāk)

ben: ইরাক (Irāk)

pan: ਇਰਾਕ (Irāk)

kan: ಇರಾಕ್ (Irāk)

mal: ഇറാഖ് (Iṟākʰ); ഇറാക്ക് (Iṟākk)

tam: ஈராக் (Īrāk); இராக் (Irāk)

tel: ఇరాక్ (Irāk)

zho: 伊拉克 (Yīlākè)

yue: 伊拉克 (Yīlāaihāk)

jpn: イラク (Iraku)

kor: 이라크 (Irakeu)

bod: ཨི་རག་ (I.rag.); ཡི་རག་ (Yi.rag.); ཡི་ལའ་ཁོ་ (Yi.la'.kʰo.)

dzo: ཨི་རཀ་ (I.rak.)

mya: အီရတ္ (Iẏaʿ)

tha: อิรัก (Irâk)

lao: ອີຣັກ (Īlâk)

khm: អ៊ីរ៉ាក់ (Īrak)

 

Done