Scotland / Alba / Escócia
Is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland consists of over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
The Kingdom of Scotland was an independent sovereign state before 1 May 1707 when it entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain. This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite widespread protest across Scotland. Scotland's legal system continues to be separate from those of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and Scotland still constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in public and in private law.
The continued existence of legal, educational and religious institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the Union. Although Scotland is no longer a separate sovereign state, issues surrounding devolution and independence continue to be debated. After the creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, the first ever pro-independence Scottish Government was elected in 2007 when the Scottish National Party formed a minority administration.
Etymology
Scotland is from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels, people from what is now Scotland and Ireland, both pirates and the Dal Riada who had come from Ireland to reside in the Northwest of what is now Scotland, in contrast, for example, to the Picts. Accordingly, the Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Gaels) was initially used to refer to Ireland. However, by the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, both derived from the Gaelic Alba. The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages.
History
please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scotland
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland
Other info
Oficial name:
Scotland
Alba
Unification :
Lands north of Forth united under Bridei m. Beli c. 685
- Dál Riata incorporated by Óengus m. Fergusa c. 741
- Lothian and Strathclyde finally incorporated on accession of David I 1124 (confirmed Treaty of York, 1237)
- Galloway incorporated 1234/5
- Orkney and Shetland annexed 1472
Area:
78.782 km2
Inhabitants:
6.200.000
Languages:
Scotish, Gaelic, English
Capital city:
Edimbourgh
Meaning country name:
Land of the Scots, from Old English Scottas, "inhabitants of Ireland." Old English borrowed the word from late Latin Scotti, of unknown origin. It may possibly have come from an Irish term of scorn, scuit. After the departure of the Romans from Britain in 423, an Irish tribe invaded Scotland, and the name came with them. It later extended to other Irish who settled in the northern regions of Britain.
Alba (Gaelic name): The Scots- and Irish-Gaelic name for Scotland derives from the same Celtic root as the name Albion, which designates sometimes the entire island of Great Britain and sometimes the country of England, Scotland's southern neighbour. The term arguably derives from an early Indo-European word meaning 'white', generally held to refer to the cliffs of white chalk around the English town of Dover, ironically located at the furthest end of Great Britain from Scotland itself. Others take it to come from the same root as "the Alps", possibly being an ancient word for mountain.
Caledonia, an old Latin name for Scotland, deriving from the Caledonii tribe. Caledonia in Greek also means "good waters".
Description Flag:
The flag of Scotland features a white saltire, a crux decussate (X-shaped cross) representing the cross of the Christian martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, on a blue field. It is named the Saltire or the Saint Andrew's Cross. In heraldic language, it may be blazoned Azure, a saltire argent.
The flag of Scotland is one of the oldest flags in the world, traditionally dating back to the 9th century.
Coat of arms:
The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland was the official coat of arms of the monarchs of Scotland, and were used as the official coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Afterwards, the arms became an integral part of the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.
Motto:
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh" (Scottish Gaelic)
"Wha daur meddle wi me?" (Scots)
National Anthem: Flower of Scotland
O Flower of Scotland,
When will we see
Your like again,
That fought and died for,
Your wee bit Hill and Glen,
And stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
The Hills are bare now,
And Autumn leaves
lie thick and still,
O'er land that is lost now,
Which those so dearly held,
That stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
Those days are past now,
And in the past
they must remain,
But we can still rise now,
And be the nation again,
That stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
O Flower of Scotland,
When will we see
your like again,
That fought and died for,
Your wee bit Hill and Glen,
And stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
Gaelic
O Fhlùir na h-Alba,
cuin a chì sinn
an seòrsa laoich
a sheas gu bàs 'son
am bileag feòir is fraoich,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin?
Na cnuic tha lomnochd
's tha duilleach Foghair
mar bhrat air làr,
am fearann caillte
dan tug na seòid ud gràdh,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaigh
air chaochladh smaoin.
Tha 'n eachdraidh dùinte
ach air dìochuimhne
chan fheum i bhith,
is faodaidh sinn èirigh
gu bhith nar Rìoghachd a-rìs
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin.
O Fhlùir na h-Alba,
cuin a chì sinn
an seòrsa laoich
a sheas gu bàs 'son
am bileag feòir is fraoich,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin?
Internet Page: www.scotland.org
Scotland in diferent languages
eng | sco: Scotland
afr | dan | fao | isl | non: Skotland
cos | ita | lld | roh: Scozia
ast | glg | spa: Escocia
deu | ltz | nds: Schottland / Schottland
cat | oci: Escòcia
dsb | hsb: Šotiska
hrv | slv: Škotska
kaa | uzb: Shotlandiya / Шотландия
nor | swe: Skottland
tur | zza: İskoçya
arg: Escozia
aze: Şotlandiya / Шотландија
bos: Škotska / Шкотска
bre: Skos; Bro-Skos
ces: Skotsko
cor: Alban
cym: Yr Alban
epo: Skotujo; Skotio; Skotlando
est: Šotimaa
eus: Eskozia
fin: Skotlanti
fra: Écosse
frr: Schåtlönj
fry: Skotlân
gla: Alba
gle: An Albain / An Albain; Alba / Alba
glv: Nalbin
hat: Ekòs
hun: Skócia
ina: Scotia
ind: Skotlandia / سكوتلنديا
jav: Skotlandia
kmr: Şotlandî / Шотланди / شۆتلاندی; Êskotlandî / Ескотланди / ئێسکۆتلاندی
kur: Sikotlende / سکۆتلەندە; Skotland / سکۆتلاند; Îskoçya / ئیسکۆچیا
lat: Scotia; Caledonia
lav: Skotija
lim: Sjotland
lin: Ekósi
lit: Škotija
mlg: Ekôsy
mlt: Skozja
mol: Scoţia / Скоция
mri: Koterana
msa: Scotland / سكوتلند
nld: Schotland
nrm: Êcosse
pol: Szkocja
por: Escócia
que: Iskusya
ron: Scoţia
rup: Scotlandia
slk: Škótsko
slo: Sxkotia / Шкотиа; Sxkotzem / Шкотзем
sme: Skotlánda
smg: Škotėjė
sqi: Skocia; Skotlanda
ssw: iSikhwahlande
swa: Uskoti
szl: Škocyjo
tet: Eskósia
tgl: Eskosya
tpi: Skotlan
tuk: Şotlandiýa / Шотландия
vie: Tô Cách Lan; Scốt-len
vor: Sotimaa
wln: Scôsse / Sicôsse; Escôsse
xho: iSkotlani
zul: iSikhohlandi; iSikotilandi
alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv: Шотландия (Šotlandija)
abq: Шотландия (Šotłandija)
bak: Шотландия / Şotlandiya
bel: Шатландыя / Šatłandyja; Шатляндыя / Šatlandyja; Шкоцыя / Škocyja
chm: Шотландий (Šotlandij)
kaz: Шотландия / Şotlandïya / شوتلانديا
mkd: Шкотска (Škotska)
mon: Шотланд (Šotland)
oss: Шотланди (Šotlandi)
srp: Шкотска / Škotska
tat: Шотландия / Şotlandiä
tgk: Шотландия / شاتلنیه / Şotlandija
ukr: Шотландія (Šotlandija)
ara: سكوتلندا (Sikūtlandā); إسكتلندا (Iskutlandā); أسكتلندا (Askutlandā); إسكوتلندا (Iskūtlandā); إسكوتلندة (Iskūtlandâ)
fas: اسکاتلند / Eskâtland; اسکاتلاند / Eskâtlând
prs: سکاتلند (Skātland)
pus: سکاتلنډ (Skātlənḋ); سکاټلېنډ (Skāṫlenḋ)
uig: شوتلاندىيە / Shotlandiye / Шотландия
urd: اسکاچستان (Iskāčistān); سکاٹلینڈ (Sakāṫlænḋ); اسکاٹلینڈ (Iskāṫlænḋ)
heb: סקוטלנד (Sqôṭland); סקוטלאנד (Sqôṭlând)
yid: שאָטלאַנד (Šotland)
amh | tir: ስኮትላንድ (Skotland)
ell: Σκωτία (Skōtía); Σκοτία (Skotía)
hye: Շոտլանդիա (Šotlandia)
kat: შოტლანდია (Šotlandia)
hin: स्कॉट्लैंड (Skŏṭlæṁḍ)
ben: স্কটল্যান্ড (Skôṭlænḍ)
pan: ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ (Skāṭlæ̃ḍ)
kan: ಸ್ಕಾಟ್ಲೆಂಡ್ (Skāṭleṁḍ)
mal: സ്കോട്ട്ലന്റ് (Skōṭṭlanṟ)
tam: ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Skāṭlāntu)
zho: 蘇格蘭/苏格兰 (Sūgélán)
jpn: スコットランド (Sukottorando)
kor: 스코틀랜드 (Seukoteullaendeu)
bod: སུའུ་ཀེ་ལན་ (Su'u.ke.lan.)
tha: สกอตแลนด (Sakɔ̄tlǣn[d]); สก็อตแลนด (Sakɔtlǣn[d])
lao: ສະກອັດ (Sakɔt)
khm: អេកូស (Ekūs)
Scotland / Alba / Escócia
Is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland consists of over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
The Kingdom of Scotland was an independent sovereign state before 1 May 1707 when it entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain. This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite widespread protest across Scotland. Scotland's legal system continues to be separate from those of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and Scotland still constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in public and in private law.
The continued existence of legal, educational and religious institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the Union. Although Scotland is no longer a separate sovereign state, issues surrounding devolution and independence continue to be debated. After the creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, the first ever pro-independence Scottish Government was elected in 2007 when the Scottish National Party formed a minority administration.
Etymology
Scotland is from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels, people from what is now Scotland and Ireland, both pirates and the Dal Riada who had come from Ireland to reside in the Northwest of what is now Scotland, in contrast, for example, to the Picts. Accordingly, the Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Gaels) was initially used to refer to Ireland. However, by the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, both derived from the Gaelic Alba. The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages.
History
please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scotland
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland
Other info
Oficial name:
Scotland
Alba
Unification :
Lands north of Forth united under Bridei m. Beli c. 685
- Dál Riata incorporated by Óengus m. Fergusa c. 741
- Lothian and Strathclyde finally incorporated on accession of David I 1124 (confirmed Treaty of York, 1237)
- Galloway incorporated 1234/5
- Orkney and Shetland annexed 1472
Area:
78.782 km2
Inhabitants:
6.200.000
Languages:
Scotish, Gaelic, English
Capital city:
Edimbourgh
Meaning country name:
Land of the Scots, from Old English Scottas, "inhabitants of Ireland." Old English borrowed the word from late Latin Scotti, of unknown origin. It may possibly have come from an Irish term of scorn, scuit. After the departure of the Romans from Britain in 423, an Irish tribe invaded Scotland, and the name came with them. It later extended to other Irish who settled in the northern regions of Britain.
Alba (Gaelic name): The Scots- and Irish-Gaelic name for Scotland derives from the same Celtic root as the name Albion, which designates sometimes the entire island of Great Britain and sometimes the country of England, Scotland's southern neighbour. The term arguably derives from an early Indo-European word meaning 'white', generally held to refer to the cliffs of white chalk around the English town of Dover, ironically located at the furthest end of Great Britain from Scotland itself. Others take it to come from the same root as "the Alps", possibly being an ancient word for mountain.
Caledonia, an old Latin name for Scotland, deriving from the Caledonii tribe. Caledonia in Greek also means "good waters".
Description Flag:
The flag of Scotland features a white saltire, a crux decussate (X-shaped cross) representing the cross of the Christian martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, on a blue field. It is named the Saltire or the Saint Andrew's Cross. In heraldic language, it may be blazoned Azure, a saltire argent.
The flag of Scotland is one of the oldest flags in the world, traditionally dating back to the 9th century.
Coat of arms:
The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland was the official coat of arms of the monarchs of Scotland, and were used as the official coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Afterwards, the arms became an integral part of the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.
Motto:
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh" (Scottish Gaelic)
"Wha daur meddle wi me?" (Scots)
National Anthem: Flower of Scotland
O Flower of Scotland,
When will we see
Your like again,
That fought and died for,
Your wee bit Hill and Glen,
And stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
The Hills are bare now,
And Autumn leaves
lie thick and still,
O'er land that is lost now,
Which those so dearly held,
That stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
Those days are past now,
And in the past
they must remain,
But we can still rise now,
And be the nation again,
That stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
O Flower of Scotland,
When will we see
your like again,
That fought and died for,
Your wee bit Hill and Glen,
And stood against him,
Proud Edward's Army,
And sent him homeward,
Tae think again.
Gaelic
O Fhlùir na h-Alba,
cuin a chì sinn
an seòrsa laoich
a sheas gu bàs 'son
am bileag feòir is fraoich,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin?
Na cnuic tha lomnochd
's tha duilleach Foghair
mar bhrat air làr,
am fearann caillte
dan tug na seòid ud gràdh,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaigh
air chaochladh smaoin.
Tha 'n eachdraidh dùinte
ach air dìochuimhne
chan fheum i bhith,
is faodaidh sinn èirigh
gu bhith nar Rìoghachd a-rìs
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin.
O Fhlùir na h-Alba,
cuin a chì sinn
an seòrsa laoich
a sheas gu bàs 'son
am bileag feòir is fraoich,
a sheas an aghaidh
feachd uailleil Iomhair
's a ruaig e dhachaidh
air chaochladh smaoin?
Internet Page: www.scotland.org
Scotland in diferent languages
eng | sco: Scotland
afr | dan | fao | isl | non: Skotland
cos | ita | lld | roh: Scozia
ast | glg | spa: Escocia
deu | ltz | nds: Schottland / Schottland
cat | oci: Escòcia
dsb | hsb: Šotiska
hrv | slv: Škotska
kaa | uzb: Shotlandiya / Шотландия
nor | swe: Skottland
tur | zza: İskoçya
arg: Escozia
aze: Şotlandiya / Шотландија
bos: Škotska / Шкотска
bre: Skos; Bro-Skos
ces: Skotsko
cor: Alban
cym: Yr Alban
epo: Skotujo; Skotio; Skotlando
est: Šotimaa
eus: Eskozia
fin: Skotlanti
fra: Écosse
frr: Schåtlönj
fry: Skotlân
gla: Alba
gle: An Albain / An Albain; Alba / Alba
glv: Nalbin
hat: Ekòs
hun: Skócia
ina: Scotia
ind: Skotlandia / سكوتلنديا
jav: Skotlandia
kmr: Şotlandî / Шотланди / شۆتلاندی; Êskotlandî / Ескотланди / ئێسکۆتلاندی
kur: Sikotlende / سکۆتلەندە; Skotland / سکۆتلاند; Îskoçya / ئیسکۆچیا
lat: Scotia; Caledonia
lav: Skotija
lim: Sjotland
lin: Ekósi
lit: Škotija
mlg: Ekôsy
mlt: Skozja
mol: Scoţia / Скоция
mri: Koterana
msa: Scotland / سكوتلند
nld: Schotland
nrm: Êcosse
pol: Szkocja
por: Escócia
que: Iskusya
ron: Scoţia
rup: Scotlandia
slk: Škótsko
slo: Sxkotia / Шкотиа; Sxkotzem / Шкотзем
sme: Skotlánda
smg: Škotėjė
sqi: Skocia; Skotlanda
ssw: iSikhwahlande
swa: Uskoti
szl: Škocyjo
tet: Eskósia
tgl: Eskosya
tpi: Skotlan
tuk: Şotlandiýa / Шотландия
vie: Tô Cách Lan; Scốt-len
vor: Sotimaa
wln: Scôsse / Sicôsse; Escôsse
xho: iSkotlani
zul: iSikhohlandi; iSikotilandi
alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv: Шотландия (Šotlandija)
abq: Шотландия (Šotłandija)
bak: Шотландия / Şotlandiya
bel: Шатландыя / Šatłandyja; Шатляндыя / Šatlandyja; Шкоцыя / Škocyja
chm: Шотландий (Šotlandij)
kaz: Шотландия / Şotlandïya / شوتلانديا
mkd: Шкотска (Škotska)
mon: Шотланд (Šotland)
oss: Шотланди (Šotlandi)
srp: Шкотска / Škotska
tat: Шотландия / Şotlandiä
tgk: Шотландия / شاتلنیه / Şotlandija
ukr: Шотландія (Šotlandija)
ara: سكوتلندا (Sikūtlandā); إسكتلندا (Iskutlandā); أسكتلندا (Askutlandā); إسكوتلندا (Iskūtlandā); إسكوتلندة (Iskūtlandâ)
fas: اسکاتلند / Eskâtland; اسکاتلاند / Eskâtlând
prs: سکاتلند (Skātland)
pus: سکاتلنډ (Skātlənḋ); سکاټلېنډ (Skāṫlenḋ)
uig: شوتلاندىيە / Shotlandiye / Шотландия
urd: اسکاچستان (Iskāčistān); سکاٹلینڈ (Sakāṫlænḋ); اسکاٹلینڈ (Iskāṫlænḋ)
heb: סקוטלנד (Sqôṭland); סקוטלאנד (Sqôṭlând)
yid: שאָטלאַנד (Šotland)
amh | tir: ስኮትላንድ (Skotland)
ell: Σκωτία (Skōtía); Σκοτία (Skotía)
hye: Շոտլանդիա (Šotlandia)
kat: შოტლანდია (Šotlandia)
hin: स्कॉट्लैंड (Skŏṭlæṁḍ)
ben: স্কটল্যান্ড (Skôṭlænḍ)
pan: ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ (Skāṭlæ̃ḍ)
kan: ಸ್ಕಾಟ್ಲೆಂಡ್ (Skāṭleṁḍ)
mal: സ്കോട്ട്ലന്റ് (Skōṭṭlanṟ)
tam: ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Skāṭlāntu)
zho: 蘇格蘭/苏格兰 (Sūgélán)
jpn: スコットランド (Sukottorando)
kor: 스코틀랜드 (Seukoteullaendeu)
bod: སུའུ་ཀེ་ལན་ (Su'u.ke.lan.)
tha: สกอตแลนด (Sakɔ̄tlǣn[d]); สก็อตแลนด (Sakɔtlǣn[d])
lao: ສະກອັດ (Sakɔt)
khm: អេកូស (Ekūs)