Bosnia and herzegovina / Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина / Bósnia-Herzegovina

Is a country in South-East Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina (also: Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia and Hercegovina) is almost landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of Adriatic Sea coastline, centered on the town of Neum. The interior of the country is mountainous centrally and to the south, hilly in the northwest, and flatland in the northeast. Inland is the larger geographic region with a moderate continental climate, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plane topography.

The country is home to three ethnic groups so-called "constituent peoples", a term unique for Bosnia-Herzegovina. These are: Bosniaks, the largest population group of three, with Bosnian Serbs in second and Bosnian Croats in third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as a Bosnian. The term Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, while Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. The country is politically decentralized and comprises two governing entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with District Brčko.

Formerly one of the six federal units constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Bosnia and Herzegovina can be described as a Parliamentary democracy that is transforming its economy into a market-oriented system, and it is a potential candidate for membership in the European Union and NATO. Additionally, the nation has been a member of the Council of Europe since 24 April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment on 13 July 2008.

 

History

Pre-Slavic Period (until 958)

Bosnia has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic age. The earliest Neolithic population became known in the Antiquity as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the fourth century BC were also notable. Concrete historical evidence for this period is scarce, but overall it appears that the region was populated by a number of different peoples speaking distinct languages. Conflict between the Illyrians and Romans started in 229 BC, but Rome would not complete its annexation of the region until AD 9.

It was precisely in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina that Rome fought one of the most difficult battles in its history since the Punic Wars, as described by the Roman historian Seutonius. This was the Roman campaign against the revolt of indigenous communities from Illyricum, known in history as the Great Illyrian Revolt, known also as Pannonian revolt, or Bellum Batonianum, the latter named after the name of two leaders of the revolting Illyrian communities, Bato/Baton of the Daesitiates, and Bato of the Breuci. The Great Illyrian revolt was a revolt of Illyrians against the Romans, more specifically Illyrian revolt against Tiberius' attempt to recruit Illyrians for his war against the Germans. The Illyrians put up a fierce resistance to the most powerful army on earth at the time (the Roman Army) for four years (AD 6 to AD 9). The revolting Illyrians were finally subdued by Rome in AD 9, with Roman side suffering heavy losses. The last Illyrian stronghold, in which Illyrian defence caused admiration of Roman historians is said to have been Arduba. Bato of Daesitiates was captured and taken to Italy. It is alleged that when Tiberius asked Bato and the Daesitiates why they had rebelled, Baton was reputed to have answered: "You Romans are to blame for this; for you send as guardians of your flocks, not dogs or shepherds, but wolves." Bato spent the rest of his life in the Italian town of Ravenna.

In the Roman period, Latin-speaking settlers from all over the Roman Empire settled among the Illyrians, and Roman soldiers were encouraged to retire in the region.

The land was originally part of the Illyria up until the Roman occupation. Following the split of the Roman Empire between 337 and 395, Dalmatia and Pannonia became parts of the Western Roman Empire. Some claim that the region was conquered by the Ostrogoths in 455. It subsequently changed hands between the Alans and Huns. By the sixth century, Emperor Justinian had reconquered the area for the Byzantine Empire. The Illyrians were conquered by the Avars in the sixth century

 

Medieval Bosnia (958–1463)

Modern knowledge of the political situation in the west Balkans during the Early Middle Ages is patchy and confusing. Upon their arrival, the Slavs brought with them a tribal social structure which probably fell apart and gave way to Feudalism only with Frankish penetration into the region in the late ninth century. It was also around this time that the Illyrians were Christianized. Bosnia and Herzegovina, because of its geographic position and terrain, was probably one of the last areas to go through this process, which presumably originated from the urban centers along the Dalmatian coast. Nothing is known on the governing affairs in the ninth and tenth century, but by the High Middle Ages political circumstance led to the area being contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine Empire. Following another shift of power between the two in the early twelfth century, Bosnia found itself outside the control of both and emerged as an independent state under the rule of local bans.

The first Bosnian monarch was Ban Borič. The second was Ban Kulin whose rule marked the start of a controversy with the Bosnian Church, an indigenous Christian sect considered heretical by the Roman Catholic church, which he allowed access in the country. In response to Hungarian attempts to use church politics regarding the issue as a way to reclaim sovereignty over Bosnia, Kulin held a council of local church leaders to renounce the heresy and embraced Catholicism in 1203. Despite this, Hungarian ambitions remained unchanged long after Kulin's death in 1204, waning only after an unsuccessful invasion in 1254.

Bosnian history from then until the early fourteenth century was marked by the power struggle between the Šubić and Kotromanić families. This conflict came to an end in 1322, when Stephen II Kotromanić became Ban. By the time of his death in 1353, he was successful in annexing territories to the north and west, as well as Zahumlje and parts of Dalmatia. He was succeeded by his nephew Tvrtko who, following a prolonged struggle with nobility and inter-family strife, gained full control of the country in 1367. Tvrtko crowned himself on 26 October 1377 as Stephen Tvrtko I the King of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, the Seaside.

Based on archaeological evidence, he was crowned in the in Mile near Visoko in the church which was built in the time of Stephen II Kotromanić's reign, where he was also buried alongside his uncle Stjepan II. Following his death in 1391 however, Bosnia fell into a long period of decline. The Ottoman Empire had already started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the fifteenth century. Finally, after decades of political and social instability, the Kingdom of Bosnia ceased to exist in 1463.

 

Ottoman Era (1463–1878)

The Ottoman conquest of Bosnia marked a new era in the country's history and introduced drastic changes in the political and cultural landscape of the region. Although the kingdom had been crushed and its high nobility executed and replaced by elite Sephardic Jews inported from Spain in 1492 who quickly converted to Islam in exchange for nobility titles of Beys and Aghas, the Ottomans allowed for the preservation of Bosnia's identity by incorporating it as an integral province of the Ottoman Empire with its historical name and territorial integrity — a unique case among subjugated states in the Balkans. Also unique was the fact that they leveled to the ground virtually all of Bosnia's 500 castles and forts, destroying evidence of its statehood. Within of Bosnia, the Ottomans introduced a number of key changes in the territory's socio-political administration; including a new landholding system, a reorganization of administrative units, and a complex system of social differentiation by class and religious affiliation.

The three centuries of Ottoman rule also had a drastic impact on Bosnia's population make-up, which changed several times as a result of the empire's conquests, frequent wars with European powers, forced and economimc migrations, and epidemics. A native Slavic-speaking Muslim community emerged and eventually became the largest of the ethno-religious groups (mainly as a result of a gradually rising number of conversions to Islam), and conversions-for-gain. The Bosnian Christian communities also experienced major changes. The Bosnian Franciscans (and the Catholic population as a whole) were to some minor extent protected by official imperial decree. The Orthodox community in Bosnia – initially confined to Herzegovina and Podrinje – spread throughout the country during this period and went on to experience relative prosperity until the nineteenth century. Meanwhile, the schismatic Bosnian Church disappeared altogether.

As the Ottoman Empire continued their rule in the Balkans (Rumelia), Bosnia was somewhat relieved of the pressures of being a frontier province, and experienced a period of general welfare. A number of cities, such as Sarajevo and Mostar, were established and grew into regional centers of trade and urban culture and were then visited by Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1648. Within these cities, various Ottoman Sultans financed the construction of many works of Bosnian architecture such as the country's first library in Sarajevo, madrassa's, school of Sufi philosophy, and clock tower (Sahat Kula), along with numerous other important cultural structures, bridges such as the Stari Most and the Tsar's Mosque and the Gazi Husrev-beg's Mosque. Furthermore, some Bosnians played influential roles in the Ottoman Empire's cultural and political history during this time. Bosnian recruits formed a large component of the Ottoman ranks in the battles of Mohács and Krbava field, while numerous other Bosnians rose through the ranks of the Ottoman military to occupy the highest positions of power in the Empire, including admirals such as Matrakçı Nasuh; generals such as Isa-Beg Isaković, Gazi Husrev-beg and Telli Hasan Pasha; administrators such as Ferhat-paša Sokolović and Osman Gradaščević; and Grand Viziers such as the influential Mehmed Paša Sokolović. Some Bosnians emerged as Sufi mystics, scholars such as Ali Džabič; and poets in the Turkish, Albanian, Arabic, and Persian languages.However, by the late seventeenth century the Empire's military misfortunes caught up with the country, and the conclusion of the Great Turkish War with the treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 once again made Bosnia the Empire's westernmost province. The following century was marked by further military failures, numerous revolts within Bosnia, and several outbursts of plague. The Porte's false efforts at modernizing the Ottoman state were met with distrust growing to become great hostility in Bosnia, where local aristocrats stood to lose much through the proposed reforms. This, combined with frustrations over political concessions to nascent Christian states in the east, culminated in a famous and ultimately unsuccessful revolt by Husein Gradaščević, in 1831 after the Turkish Sultan Mahmud II slaughtered and abolished the Janissary. Related rebellions would be extinguished by 1850, but the situation continued to deteriorate. Later agrarian unrest eventually sparked the Herzegovinian rebellion, a widespread peasant uprising, in 1875. The conflict rapidly spread and came to involve several Balkan states and Great Powers, a situation which eventually forced the Ottomans to cede administration of the country to Austria-Hungary through the treaty of Berlin in 1878.

 

Austro-Hungarian Rule (1878–1918)

Although an Austro-Hungarian side quickly came to an agreement with Bosniaks, tensions remained in certain parts of the country (particularly south) and a mass emigration of predominantly Slavic dissidents occurred. However, a state of relative stability was reached soon enough and Austro-Hungarian authorities were able to embark on a number of social and administrative reforms which intended to make Bosnia and Herzegovina into a "model colony". With the aim of establishing the province as a stable political model that would help dissipate rising South Slav nationalism, Habsburg rule did much to codify laws, to introduce new political practices, and generally to provide for modernisation. The Austro-Hungarian Empire built the three Roman Catholic churches in Sarajevo and these three churches are among only 20 Catholic churches in the state of Bosnia. Although successful economically, Austro-Hungarian policy – which focused on advocating the ideal of a pluralist and multi-confessional Bosnian nation (largely favored by the Muslims) – failed to curb the rising tides of nationalism. The concept of Croat and Serb nationhood had already spread to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Catholics and Orthodox communities from neighboring Croatia and Serbia in the mid-nineteenth century under the Ottomans, and was too well entrenched to allow for the widespread acceptance of a parallel idea of Bosnian nationhood. By the latter half of the 1910s, nationalism was an integral factor of Bosnian politics, with national political parties corresponding to the three groups dominating elections.

The idea of a unified South Slavic state, typically expected to be spear-headed by independent Serbia, became a popular political ideology in the region at this time, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian government's decision to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina formally in 1908 added to a sense of urgency among these nationalists. Russia opposed this annexation. Eventually Russia recognised Austro-Hungary's sovereignty over Bosnia in return for Austria-Hungary's promise that it would recognise Russia's right to the Dardanelles Straits in the Ottoman Empire. Unlike Russia, Austro-Hungary did not keep its side of the bargain and did nothing to encourage Russia's recognition of the straits.The political tensions caused by all this culminated on 28 June 1914, when Serb nationalist youth Gavrilo Princip assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo — an event that proved to be the spark that set off World War I. Although some Bosnians died serving in the armies of the various warring states, Bosnia and Herzegovina itself managed to escape the conflict relatively unscathed.

 

The First Yugoslavia (1918–1941)

Following the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the South Slav kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (soon renamed Yugoslavia). Political life in Bosnia at this time was marked by two major trends: social and economic unrest over property redistribution, and formation of several political parties that frequently changed coalitions and alliances with parties in other Yugoslav regions. The dominant ideological conflict of the Yugoslav state, between Croatian regionalism and Serbian centralization, was approached differently by Bosnia's major ethnic groups and was dependent on the overall political atmosphere. Even though there were over three million Bosnians in Yugoslavia, outnumbering Slovenes and Montenegrins combined, Bosnian nationhood was denied by the new Kingdom. Although the initial split of the country into 33 oblasts erased the presence of traditional geographic entities from the map, the efforts of Bosnian politicians such as Mehmed Spaho ensured that the six oblasts carved up from Bosnia and Herzegovina corresponded to the six sanjaks from Ottoman times and, thus, matched the country's traditional boundary as a whole.

The establishment of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929, however, brought the redrawing of administrative regions into banates that purposely avoided all historical and ethnic lines, removing any trace of a Bosnian entity. Serbo-Croat tensions over the structuring of the Yugoslav state continued, with the concept of a separate Bosnian division receiving little or no consideration. The famous Cvetković-Maček Agreement that created the Croatian banate in 1939 encouraged what was essentially a partition of Bosnia between Croatia and Serbia. However, outside political circumstances forced Yugoslav politicians to shift their attention to the rising threat posed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. Following a period that saw attempts at appeasement, the signing of the Tripartite Treaty, and a coup d'état, Yugoslavia was finally invaded by Germany on 6 April 1941.

 

Geography

Bosnia is located in the western Balkans, bordering Croatia (932 km) to the north and south-west, Serbia (302 km) to the east, and Montenegro (225 km) to the southeast. The country is mostly mountainous, encompassing the central Dinaric Alps. The northeastern parts reach into the Pannonian basin, while in the south it borders the Adriatic. The country has only 20 kilometers (12 mi) of coastline, around the town of Neum in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. Although the city is surrounded by Croatian peninsulas, by United Nations law, Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea. Neum has many hotels and is an important tourism destination.

The country's name comes from the two regions Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have a very vaguely defined border between them. Bosnia occupies the northern areas which are roughly four fifths of the entire country, while Herzegovina occupies the rest in the south part of the country.

The major cities are the capital Sarajevo, Banja Luka in the northwest region known as Bosanska Krajina, Bijeljina and Tuzla in the northeast, Zenica and Doboj in the central part of Bosnia and Mostar, the capital of Herzegovina.

The south part of Bosnia has Mediterranean climate and a great deal of agriculture. Central Bosnia is the most mountainous part of Bosnia featuring predominate mountains Vlašić, Čvrsnica, and Prenj. Eastern Bosnia also features mountains like Trebević, Jahorina, Igman, Bjelašnica and Treskavica. It was here that the 1984 Winter Olympics were held.

Eastern Bosnia is heavily forested along the river Drina, and overall close to 50% of Bosnia and Herzegovina is forested. Most forest areas are in Central, Eastern and Western parts of Bosnia. Northern Bosnia contains very fertile agricultural land along the river Sava and the corresponding area is heavily farmed. This farmland is a part of the Parapannonian Plain stretching into neighboring Croatia and Serbia. The river Sava and corresponding Posavina river basin hold the cities of Brčko, Bosanski Šamac, Bosanski Brod and Bosanska Gradiška.

The northwest part of Bosnia is called Bosanska Krajina and holds the cities of Banja Luka, Prijedor, Sanski Most, Cazin, Velika Kladuša and Bihać. Kozara National Park is in this forested region.

There are seven major rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sava is the largest river of the country, but it only forms its northern natural border with Croatia. It drains 76% of the country's territory into the Danube and the Black Sea.

Una, Sana and Vrbas are right tributaries of Sava river. They are located in the northwestern region of Bosanska Krajina.

Bosna river gave its name to the country, and is the longest river fully contained within it. It stretches through central Bosnia, from its source near Sarajevo to Sava in the north.

Drina flows through the eastern part of Bosnia, and for the most part it forms a natural border with Serbia.

Neretva is the major river of Herzegovina and the only major river that flows south, into the Adriatic Sea.

Phytogeographically, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region and Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region. According to the WWF, the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Pannonian mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Illyrian deciduous forests.

 

Oficial name:

Peпyблика Босна и Херцеговина

Republika Bosna i Hercegovina

República da Bósnia e Herzegovina

 

Area:

51.197 km2

 

Inhabitants:

4.500.000

 

Languages: Bosanski (Bosnien), Hrvastski (Croata) and српски језик--srpski jezik (Servio)

Bosnian [bos] 4,000,000 (2004). Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

 

Croatian [hrv] 469,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Dialects: Croatian, Serbian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

 

Romani, Vlax [rmy] 400,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Alternate names: Tsigene, Danubian, Gypsy, Vlax. Dialects: Serbo-Bosnian (Machwaya, Machvano), Kalderash, Southern Vlax. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax.

 

Serbian [srp] 400,000 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004). Alternate names: Montenegrin. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western

 

Capital city:

Sarajevo

 

Meaning of the country name:

The country consists of two distinct regions: the larger northern section, Bosnia, represents the name of the Bosna river. The smaller southern territory, Herzegovina takes its name from the German noble title Herzog, meaning "Duke". Frederick IV, King of the Romans, made the territory's ruler, the Grand Vojvoda Stjepan Vukcic, a duke in 1448.

 

Description Flag:

The flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag. The remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle.

The three points of the triangle are understood to stand for the three nations of Bosnia: Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs. It is also seen to represent the map of Bosnia which looks like a triangle or a heart as some people call it the 'heart-shaped nation'. The stars, representing Europe, are meant to be infinite in number and thus they continue from top to bottom. The flag features colors often associated with neutrality and peace - white, blue, and yellow. The colors yellow and blue are also seen to be taken from the flag of the European Union and signify Bosnia's gratitude to the EU for ending the conflict. They are also colors traditionally associated with Bosnia.

 

Coat of arms:

The Coat of Arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 1998, replacing an older design that had been used since 1991, when Bosnia gained independence.

The coat of arms follows the design of the national flag. The triangle shape is supposed to symbolize the three major ethnic groups of Bosnia, as well as the shape of the nation. The stars have replaced the fleur-de-lis that were found on the old coat of arms, to avoid singling out the Bosniak symbol only, and possibly to copy the flag of the European Union due to a desire of Bosnia and Herzegovina to join that body.

It is not quite certain how to blazon these arms. One proposal is Per bend enhanced or and azure, a bend of mullets palewise argent.

 

Nathional Anthem: Intermeco

On February 10, 1998, as an inclusionist measure, a new anthem was adopted for Bosnia and Hercegovina, one without words. The piece is entitled "Intermeco", yet reports are that this may not be the title of the anthem. Keep watching this space for more details.

 

Internet Page: www.bhtourism.ba

 

B.H. in diferent languages

 

eng: Bosnia and Herzegovina

deu | ltz | nds: Bosnien-Herzegowina / Bosnien-Herzegowina

kal | nor | sme: Bosnia-Hercegovina

roh-enb | roh-eno | roh-gri: Bosnia ed Erzegovina

ast | spa: Bosnia y Herzegovina

ces | slk: Bosna a Hercegovina

dsb | hsb: Bosniska a Hercegowina

est | vor: Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina

eus | jav: Bosnia-Herzegovina

afr: Bosnië en Herzegowina

arg: Bosnia y Erzegobina; Bosnia y Hercegovina

aze: Bosniya və Herseqovina / Боснија вә Һерсеговина

bam: Bɔsini ani Ɛrɛzegɔwini

bos: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина

bre: Bosnia ha Herzegovina

cat: Bòsnia i Hercegovina

cor: Bosni-Hertsegovina

crh: Bosna ve Hertsegovina / Босна ве Херцеговина

csb: Bosańskô ë Hercegòwina; Bòsnijô ë Hercegòwina

cym: Bosnia a Hertsegofina; Bosna-Hercegovina

dan: Bosnien-Hercegovina

epo: Bosnio kaj Hercegovino

fao: Bosnia-Hersegovina

fin: Bosnia ja Hertsegovina

fra: Bosnie-Herzégovine; Bosnie-et-Herzégovine

frp: Bosnie-Hèrzègovena

fry: Bosnje en Herzegowina

fur: Bosgne-Erzegovine; Bosnie-Erzegovine

gag: Bosniya hem Herţegovina / Босния хем Херцеговина

gla: Bosna agus Heartsagobhana

gle: An Bhoisnia-Heirseagaivéin / An Ḃoisnia-Heirseagaivéin

glg: Bosnia e Herzegovina; Bosnia e Hercegovina

glv: Bosnia as Herzegovina

hat: Bosni ak Erzegovin

hrv: Bosna i Hercegovina

hun: Bosznia-Hercegovina; Bosznia és Hercegovina

ibo: Bọsnia na Hasegọvina

ina: Bosnia e Herzegovina

ind: Bosnia-Herzegovina / بوسنيا هيرزيڬوۏينا

isl: Bosnía og Hersegóvína

ita: Bosnia-Erzegovina; Bosnia ed Erzegovina

jnf: Bosnie et Herzegovina

kaa: Bosniya haʻm Gertsegovina / Босния ҳәм Герцеговина

kmr: Bosnî û Hersegovîna / Босни у Һәрсәговина / بۆسنی و هەرسەگۆڤینا; Bosnî û Gersogovîn / Босни у Гәрсоговин / بۆسنی و گەرسۆگۆڤین

kur: Bosna û Hersek / بۆسنا و هەرسەک

lat: Bosnia et Herzegovina; Bosnia et Herzegovia

lav: Bosnija un Hercegovina

lim: Bosnië en Hercegovina

lin: Bosnia na Erzegovina

lit: Bosnija ir Hercegovina

lld: Bosnia y Erzegovina

mlg: Bosnia sy Herzegovina

mlt: Bosnja-Ħerzegovina

mol: Bosnia şi Herţegovina / Босния ши Херцеговина

mri: Pōngia

msa: Bosnia dan Herzegovina / بوسنيا دان هيرزيڬوۏينا

nld: Bosnië en Herzegovina

nrm: Bosnie-et-Herzégovène

oci: Bòsnia e Ercegovina

pol: Bośnia i Hercegowina

por: Bósnia-Herzegovina; Bósnia e Herzegovina

que: Busna-Hirsiquwina

rmy: Bosniya ťai Hercegovina / बोस्निया थाइ हेर्त्सेगोविना

ron: Bosnia şi Herţegovina

rup: Bosna shi Hertsegovina

scn: Bosnia-Erzegòvina

slo: Bosnia i Hercegovinia / Босниа и Херцеговиниа; Bosnia-Hercegovinia / Босниа-Херцеговиниа; Bosna i Hercegovinia / Босна и Херцеговиниа; Bosna-Hercegovinia / Босна-Херцеговиниа

slv: Bosna in Hercegovina

smg: Bosnėjė ėr Hercuogovėna

som: Boosniya iyo Heersigofiina

sqi: Bosnja dhe Hercegovina

srd: Bòsnia-Erzegòvina; Bosna-Erzegòvina; Bosna e Erzegòvina

swa: Bosnia na Herzegowina

swe: Bosnien och Hercegovina

szl: Bośńa a Hercygowina

tet: Bóznia no Erzegovina

tuk: Bosniýa we Gersegowina / Босния ве Герцеговина

tur: Bosna-Hersek; Bosna ve Hersek

uzb: Bosniya va Gertsegovina / Босния ва Герцеговина

vie: Bô-xni-a Héc-xê-gô-vi-na

vol: Bosnän e Härzegovän

wln: Bosneye eyet Herzegovine

wol: Bosni Hersegowin

zza: Bosna-Hersek; Bosna u Hersek

chu: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Ĥercegovina)

abq | kom: Босния-Герцеговина (Bosnija-Gercegovina)

alt: Босния ла Герцеговина (Bosnija la Gercegovina)

bak: Босния һәм Герцеговина / Bosniya häm Gercegovina

bel: Боснія і Герцагавіна / Bosnija i Hiercahavina; Босьнія і Гэрцагавіна / Bośnija i Hercahavina

bul: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Ĥercegovina)

che: Босни-Герцеговина (Bosni-Gercegovina)

chm: Босний да Герцеговина (Bosnij da Gercegovina)

chv: Боснипе Герцеговинӑ (Bosnipe Gercegovină)

kaz: Босния және Герцеговина / Bosnïya jäne Gercegovïna / بوسنيا جانە گەرتسەگوۆينا

kbd: Босниерэ Герцеговинэрэ (Bosnieră Gercegovinără)

kir: Босния жана Герцеговина (Bosnija ǧana Gercegovina)

kjh: Босния паза Герцеговина (Bosnija paza Gercegovina)

krc: Босния эм Герцеговина (Bosnija ėm Gercegovina)

kum: Босния ва Герцеговина (Bosnija va Gercegovina)

mkd: Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Hercegovina)

mon: Босни ба Герцеговин (Bosni ba Gercegovin)

oss: Босни ӕмӕ Герцеговинӕ (Bosni ämä Gercegovinä)

rus: Босния и Герцеговина (Bosnija i Gercegovina)

srp: Босна и Херцеговина / Bosna i Hercegovina

tat: Босния һәм Герцеговина / Bosniä häm Hersegovina

tgk: Босния у Ҳерсеговина / باسنیه و هرسگاوینه / Bosnija u Hersegovina; Босния ва Ҳерсеговина / باسنیه و هرسگاوینه / Bosnija va Hersegovina; Босния у Герсеговина / باسنیه و گرسگاوینه / Bosnija u Gersegovina; Босния ва Герсеговина / باسنیه و گرسگاوینه / Bosnija va Gersegovina

tyv: Босния биле Герцеговина (Bosnija bile Gercegovina)

udm: Босния но Герцеговина (Bosnija no Gercegovina)

ukr: Боснія і Герцеґовина (Bosnija i Hercegovyna)

xal: Боснь болнн Герцеговин (Bosn' bolnn Gercegovin)

ara: البوسنة والهرسك (al-Būsnâtu wa-l-Harsak)

fas: بوسنی و هرزگوین / وسنی و هرزگووین (Bosnī-vo Herzegovīn / Bosnī va Herzegovīn)

prs: بوسنیا و هرزیگووینا (Bōsniyā va Harzēgōvīnā)

pus: بوسنيا او هرزېګووينا (Bosniyā au Harzegowīnā)

uig: بوسنىيە ۋە ھېرسېگوۋىنا / Bosniye we Hérségowina / Босния вә Һерцеговина

urd: باسنیا و ہیرزیگووینا (Bāsniyā va Herzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہیرزیگووینا (Bosniyā va Herzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا (Bosniyā va Harzegovīnā); بوسنیا و ہرزگووینا (Bosniyā va Harzigovīnā); بوسنیا اور ہرزگووینا (Bosniyā ôr Harzigovīnā)

div: ބޮސްނިޔާ ހަރުޒެގޮވީނާ (Bosniyā Harużegovīnā)

syr: ܒܘܣܢܐ ܘ ܗܪܣܟ (Bōsnā wa Hersek)

heb: בוסניה והרצגובינה (Bôsniyah və-Hertsegôṿînah)

lad: בוסניה-הירזיגוב'ינה / Bosnia-Herzegovina

yid: באָסניע הערצעגאָװינע (Bosnye Hertsegovine)

amh: ቦስኒያ-ሄርጸጎቪና (Bosniya-Herṣägovina)

ell-dhi: Βοσνία και Ερζεγοβίνη (Vosnía kai Erzegovínī)

ell-kat: Βοσνία καὶ Ἑρζεγοβίνη (Vosnía kaì Herzegovínī)

hye: Բոսնիա և Հերցեգովինա (Bosnia yev Herc̣egovina); Բոսնիա և Հերցոգովինա (Bosnia yev Herc̣ogovina)

kat: ბოსნია და ჰერცეგოვინა (Bosnia da Herc̣egovina)

hin: बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना (Bosniyā Harzegovinā)

ben: বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা (Bôsniyā o Hārjegobʰinā)

pan: ਬੋਸਨੀਆ ਤੇ ਹਰਜ਼ੀਗੋਵੀਨਾ (Bosnīā te Harzīgovīnā)

kan: ಬಾಸ್ನಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ಹೆರ್ಜೆಗೊವಿನ (Bāsniya mattu Herjegovina)

mal: ബോസ്നിയ ഹെര്സഗോവിന (Bōsniya Hersagōvina)

tam: பொஸ்னியாவும் ஹெர்ஸகொவினாவும் (Posṉiyāvum Hersakoviṉāvum); பொசுனியாவும் எர்செகோவினாவும் (Počuṉiyāvum Erčekōviṉāvum); போஸ்னியா ஹெர்ஸிகோவினா (Pōsṉiyā Hersikōviṉā)

tel: బోస్నియా హెర్జగొవీనా (Bōsniyā Herjagovīnā)

zho: 波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維納/波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳 (Bōsīníyà hé Hēisègēwéinà)

jpn: ボスニア・ヘルツェゴヴィナ (Bosunia Herutsegovina); ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ (Bosunia Herutsegobina)

kor: 보스니아 헤르체고비나 (Boseunia Hereuchegobina)

mya: ဘော့စနီးယားန္ဟင့္ဟာဇီဂုိဗီးနား (Bʰɔ́sánìyà hnĩ́ Hazigobìnà)

tha: บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา (Bɔ̄tniya læ Hə̄[r]sēkōwīnā)

khm: បូស្ន៊ីនិងហឺហ្ស៊េហ្គោវីណា (Būsnī niṅ Hʉ̄hsehkōvīṇā); បូសស្នៀនិងហឺហ្ស៊េហ្គោវីណា (Būssnie niṅ Hʉ̄hsehkōvīṇā)

 

Done