Belarus / Беларусь / Biełaruś / Bielorussia
Is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of the country is forested,[4] and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the Belarusians lacked the opportunity to create a distinctive national identity because for centuries the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several ethnically different countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the short-lived Belarusian People’s Republic (1918–19), Belarus became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Byelorussian SSR.
The final unification of Belarusian lands within its modern borders took place in 1939, when the ethnically Belarusian-Russian lands held by the Second Polish Republic (interwar Poland) were annexed into the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact,[5] and attached to Soviet Belarus. The territory and its nation were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources;[6] the republic was redeveloped in the post-war years.
The parliament of the republic declared the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991. Alexander Lukashenko has been the country's president since 1994. During his presidency, Lukashenko has implemented Soviet-era policies, such as state ownership of the economy, despite objections from Western governments. Since 2000, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty for greater cooperation, with some hints of forming a Union State.
Most of Belarus's population of 9.85 million reside in the urban areas surrounding Minsk and other oblast (regional) capitals.[7] More than 80% of the population are native Belarusians, with sizable minorities of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians. Since a referendum in 1995, the country has had two official languages: Belarusian and Russian. The Constitution of Belarus does not declare an official religion, although the primary religion in the country is Russian Orthodox Christianity. The second most popular, Roman Catholicism, has a much smaller following by comparison, but both Orthodox and Catholic Christmas and Easter are officially respected as national holidays.
Etymology
The name Belarus derives from the term White Rus, which first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature. The Latin term for the area was Alba Ruthenia. Historically, the country was referred to in English as White Ruthenia. It is also claimed that White Ruthenia describes the area of Eastern Europe populated by Slavic people or the states that occupied the area.[8] The first known use of White Russia to refer to Belarus was in the late-16th century by Englishman Sir Jerome Horsey.[9] During the 17th century, Russian tsars used White Rus', asserting that they were trying to recapture their heritage from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[9]
Belarus was named Byelorussia (Russian: Белоруссия) in the days of Russian Empire, and the Russian tsar was usually styled Tsar of All the Russias—Great, Little, and White. Byelorussia was the only Russian language name of the country (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) until 1991, when the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic decreed by law that the new independent republic should be called Belarus (Беларусь) in Russian and in all other language transcriptions of its name. The change was made to reflect adequately the Belarusian language form of the name.[10]
Accordingly, the name Byelorussia was replaced by Belarus in English,[11] and, to some extent, in Russian (although the traditional name still persists in that language as well); likewise, the adjective Belorussian or Byelorussian was replaced by Belarusian in English (though Russian has not developed a new adjective). Belarusian intelligentsia in the Stalin era attempted to change the name from Byelorussia to a form of Krivia because of the supposed connection with Russia.[12] Some nationalists also object to the name for the same reason.[13][14] However, several popular newspapers published locally still retain the old name of the country in Russian in their names, for example Komsomolskaya Pravda v Byelorussii, which is the localized publication of a popular Russian tabloid. Also, those who wish for Belarus to be reunited with Russia continue to use Byelorussia.[14] Officially, the full name of the country is Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Byelarus')
History
The region that is now modern-day Belarus was first settled by Slavic tribes in the 6th century. They gradually came into contact with the Varangians, a band of warriors consisting of Scandinavians and Slavs from the Baltics.[16] Though defeated and briefly exiled by the local population, the Varangians were later asked to return[16] and helped to form a polity—commonly referred to as the Kievan Rus'—in exchange for tribute. The Kievan Rus' state began in about 862 around the city of Kiev or alternatively around the present-day city of Novgorod,
Upon the death of Kievan Rus' ruler, Prince Yaroslav the Wise, the state split into independent principalities. These Ruthenian principalities were badly affected by a Mongol invasion in the 13th century, and many were later incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Of the principalities held by the Duchy, nine were settled by ancestors of the Belarusian people. During this time, the Duchy was involved in several military campaigns, including fighting on the side of Poland against the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410; the joint victory allowed the Duchy to control the northwestern border lands of Eastern Europe.
On 2 February 1386, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland were joined in a personal union through a marriage of their rulers. This union set in motion the developments that eventually resulted in the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569. The Russians, led by Tsar Ivan the III, began military conquests in 1486 in an attempt to acquire the Kievan Rus' lands, specifically the territories of modern day Belarus and Ukraine. Despite Russian attempts at conquest, the territories of modern day Belarus remained an integral part of the Polish-Lithuanina Commonwealth for over 400 years, with the local traditions and languages being supported by the Polish Crown. The union between Poland and Lithuania ended in 1795 with the partitioning of Poland by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria.During this time the territories of modern day Belarus were acquired by the Russian Empire, under the reign of Catherine II and held until their occupation by German Empire during World War I.
During the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Belarus first declared independence on 25 March 1918, forming the Belarusian People’s Republic. The Germans supported the BPR, which lasted for about ten months. Soon after the Germans were defeated, the BPR fell under the influence of the Bolsheviks and the Red Army and became the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1919. After Russian occupation of eastern and northern Lithuania, it was merged into the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Following the Polish–Soviet War the lands of modern day Belarus were split between Poland and the Soviet Union, and the recreated Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.
A set of agricultural reforms, culminating in the Belarusian phase of Soviet collectivization, began in the 1920s. A process of rapid industrialization was undertaken during the 1930s, following the model of Soviet five-year plans.
In 1939, West Belarus, the territory of modern day Belarus that Poland had acquired from the Soviets pursuant to Treaty of Riga two decades earlier, was annexed by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The area was a part of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. The decision was made by the Soviet controlled Belarusian People Council on October 28, 1939 in Białystok
Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 – the Brest Fortress in western Belarus receiving one of the fiercest of the war's opening blows, with its notable defense in 1941 coming to be remembered as an act of heroism in countering the German aggression. Statistically, Byelorussia was the hardest hit Soviet Republic in the war and remained in Nazi hands until 1944. During that time, Germany destroyed 209 out of 290 cities in the republic, 85% of the republic's industry, and more than one million buildings. Casualties were estimated to between two and three million (about a quarter to one-third of the total population), while the Jewish population of Byelorussia was devastated during the Holocaust and never recovered. The population of Belarus did not regain its pre-war level until 1971. After the war ended, Byelorussia was officially among the 51 founding countries of the United Nations Charter in 1945. Intense post-war reconstruction was initiated promptly. During this time, the Byelorussian SSR became a major center of manufacturing in the western region of the USSR, increasing jobs and bringing an influx of ethnic Russians into the republic. The borders of Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn to a point known as the Curzon Line.
Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. This policy involved sending Russians from various parts of the Soviet Union and placing them in key positions in the Byelorussian SSR government. The official use of the Belarusian language and other cultural aspects were limited by Moscow. After Stalin died in 1953, successor Nikita Khrushchev continued this program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism." The Byelorussian SSR was significantly exposed to nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant in neighboring Ukrainian SSR in 1986. In June 1988 at the rural site of Kurapaty near Minsk, archaeologist Zianon Pazniak, the leader of Christian Conservative Party of the BPF, discovered mass graves which contained about 250,000 bodies of victims executed in 1937–1941. Some nationalists contend that this discovery is proof that the Soviet government was trying to erase the Belarusian people, causing Belarusian nationalists to seek independence.
Two years later, in March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. Though the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front took only 10% of the seats, the populace was content with the selection of the delegates. Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990, by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. With the support of the Communist Party, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus on 25 August 1991. Stanislav Shushkevich, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991, in Belavezhskaya Pushcha to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. A national constitution was adopted in March 1994, in which the functions of prime minister were given to the president.
Two-round elections for the presidency (24 June 1994 and 10 July 1994) resulted in the politically unknown Alexander Lukashenko winning more than 45% of the vote in the first round and 80% in the second round, beating Vyacheslav Kebich who got 14%. Lukashenko was reelected in 2001 and in 2006.
Geography
Belarus is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. According to a 2005 estimate by the United Nations, 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. Many streams and 11,000 lakes are found in Belarus. Three major rivers run through the country: the Neman, the Pripyat, and the Dnepr. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnepr; the Dnepr flows southward towards the Black Sea. Belarus's highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill) at 345 metres (1,132 ft), and its lowest point is on the Neman River at 90 metres (295 ft). The average elevation of Belarus is 525 feet (160 m) above sea level. The climate ranges from harsh winters, with average January temperatures at −6 °C (21.2 °F), to cool and moist summers with an average temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F). Belarus has an average annual rainfall of 550 to 700 mm (21.7 to 27.6 in). The country experiences a yearly transition from a continental climate to a maritime climate.
Belarus's natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. About 70% of the radiation from neighboring Ukraine's 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster entered Belarusian territory, and as of 2005 about a fifth of Belarusian land (principally farmland and forests in the southeastern provinces) continues to be affected by radiation fallout. The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137.
Belarus is bordered by Latvia on the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and east and Ukraine to the south. Treaties in 1995 and 1996 demarcated Belarus's borders with Latvia and Lithuania, but Belarus failed to ratify a 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border. Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007.
Other Info
Oficial name:
Рэспубліка Беларусь/ Respublika Biełaruś
Республика Беларусь/Respublika Belarus
Independence:
Declared July 27, 1990
- Established August 25, 1991
- Completed December 25, 1991
Area:
207.600 km2
Inhabitants:
10.500.000
Languages:
беларуская мова, "Biełaruskaja mova" and русский (Russien)
Belarusan [bel] 6,715,000 in Belarus (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 9,081,102. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Canada, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia (Europe), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Belarusian, Belorussian, Bielorussian, White Russian, White Ruthenian, Byelorussian. Dialects: Northeast Belarusan (Polots, Viteb-Mogilev), Southwest Belarusan (Grodnen-Baranovich, Slutsko-Mozyr, Slutska-Mazyrski), Central Belarusan. Linguistically between Russian and Ukrainian, with transitional dialects to both. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
Capital city:
Minsk
Meaning of the country name:
From Belarusian, meaning "White Rus'", "White Ruthenia". Formerly known as Byelorussia, a transliteration from the Russian name meaning "White Russia". (See Russia below.) The name changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union to emphasize the historic and ongoing separate distinctness of the nations of Belarus and Russia. (See Belarus: Name for more.) The exact original meaning conveyed by the term "Bela" or 'White' remains uncertain. Early cultures commonly employed the concept of "whiteness" as representing the qualities of freedom, purity, or nobility. On the other hand, it may simply have originated as a totem color of convenience. Note that part of the western territory of modern Belarus historically bore the name of "Chernarossija" or 'Black Rus'. The term "Black" most commonly applied to landscapes featuring especially rich and productive soils. How this may reflect on the origin of the term 'White Rus' remains as yet unexplored. Yet another region in present-day western Ukraine historically had the name "Red Russia" or "Red Ruthenia". Note also that colors represented cardinal directions in Mongol and Tatar culture.
Description Flag:
The flag does not differ significantly from the flag of the Byelorussian SSR, other than the removal of the hammer and sickle and the red star, and the reversal of red and white in the hoist pattern. The standards of how to make the national flag are laid out in a document, numbered РСТ Беларуси 911-91.
The red color of the flag signifies the past history of Belarus, as the color used by the Belarusian forces at the Battle of Grunwald, and of the Red Army when they were fighting Nazi Germany during World War II. Green stands for the bright future ahead of Belarus, and also represents the many forests located in the country. While the colors of the flag are red, green, and white, the exact shades have not been determined by either law or decree. The publication Album des pavillons nationaux et des marques distinctives gave an estimate of what the colors are in the Pantone color process
Coat of arms:
Design
In the center of the emblem sits a green outline of Belarus, superimposed over the rays of a golden sun. The sun is partially covered by a globe, with the landmass (part of Eurasia) in purple and waters in blue. Lining the left and right sides of the emblem are stalks of wheat, superimposed with flowers. Clovers adorn the left wheat stalks; flax flowers adorn the right. Wrapped around the wheat stalks is a red and green ribbon bearing the colors of the flag of Belarus; the ribbon meets at the base of the emblem, where the name Republic of Belarus (Рэспублiка Беларусь) is inscribed in gold in the Belarusian language. At the top of the emblem rests a five-pointed red star. The designer of the emblem is not known.
Symbolism
The elements that comprise the state emblem are not tied to any "official" symbolism. It has been suggested that the emblem signifies the "historical adherence of the Belarusian people to constructive labor, their faith in the triumph of justice, and attainment of a worthy place in the world community." The design of the emblem of the Byelorussian SSR was used as the basis for the current Belarusian emblem; the primary difference between the two is that the Byelorussian SSR emblem contains certain references to Communism, such as the Communist symbol of hammer and sickle, which the modern emblem does not.
National Anthem: Мы, беларусы , My Belarusy
Мы, беларусы - мірныя людзі,
Сэрцам адданыя роднай зямлі,
Шчыра сябруем, сілы гартуем
Мы ў працавітай, вольнай сям'і.
Прыпеў:
Слаўся, зямлі нашай светлае імя,
Слаўся, народаў братэрскі саюз!
Наша любімая маці-Радзіма,
Вечна жыві і квітней, Беларусь!
Разам з братамі мужна вякамі
Мы баранілі родны парог,
У бітвах за волю, бітвах за долю
Свой здабывалі сцяг перамог!
Прыпеў
Дружба народаў - сіла народаў -
Наш запаветны, сонечны шлях.
Горда ж узвіся ў ясныя высі,
Сцяг пераможны - радасці сцяг!
Прыпеў
Transliteration
My, Biełarusy – mirnyja ludzi,
Sercam addanyja rodnaj ziamli.
Ščyra siabrujem, siły hartujem
My ŭ pracavitaj, volnay siamji!
Chorus:
Słaŭsia ziamli našaj śvietłaje imia,
Słaŭsia, narodaŭ braterski sajuz!
Naša lubimaja maci-Radzima,
Večna žyvi i kvitniey, Biełaruś!
Razam z bratami mužna viakami
My baranili rodny paroh,
Ŭ bitvach za volu, bitvach za dolu
Svoj zdabyvali ściah pieramoh!
Chorus
Družba narodaŭ – siła narodaŭ –
Naš zapavietny, soniečny šlach.
Horda ž uzvijsia ŭ jasnyja vysi,
Ściah pieramožny – radaści ściah!
Chorus
English
We, Belarusians, are peaceful people,
Whole-heartedly devoted to our Motherland.
We are faithful friends, growing up and
Living in a hardworking and independent family.
Refrain
Glory to the blessed name of our land!
Glory to the brotherly union of peoples!
Long live and prosper,
Our beloved Motherland – Belarus!
Together with our brothers, for centuries we
Courageously defended our home’s threshold.
We won our banners of victory
In battles for freedom and our lot!
Refrain
Peoples’ friendship is peoples’ strength and
Our sacred sunlit way.
Fly proudly in the clear skies,
The banner of victory, the banner of sunshine!
Refrain
Internet Page:
Belarus in diferent languages
eng | cym | jav | swa: Belarus
ast | eus | glg: Bielorrusia
crh | gag: Belarus / Беларусь
dsb | hsb: Běłoruska
kaa | uzb: Belarus / Беларусь; Belorussiya / Белоруссия
kin | run: Belaruse
roh-enb | roh-gri: Bielorussia; Russia alba
roh-eno | roh-srs: Bielorussia; Russia alva
afr: Wit-Rusland; Belo-Rusland
arg: Belarrusia; Belorrusia; Bielorrusia
aze: Belarusiya / Беларусија; Belarus / Беларус
bam: Biyelɔrisi
bos: Bjelorusija / Бјелорусија
bre: Byelarus
cat: Bielorússia
ces: Bělorusko; Bílá Rus
cor: Belarussi
csb: Biôłorëskô
dan: Belarus; Hviderusland
deu: Weißrussland / Weißruſsland; Belarus / Belarus
epo: Belorusujo; Belorusio; Belarusio
est: Valgevene
fao: Hvítarussland
fin: Valko-Venäjä
fra: Belarus; Bélarus; Biélorussie
frp: Bièlorussie
fry: Wyt-Ruslân
fur: Bielorussie; Russie Blancje
gla: A’ Bhealaruis; Bealaruis; Bealoruisia
gle: An Bhealarúis / An Ḃealarúis
glv: Yn Velaroosh
hat: Byelorisi
hrv: Bjelorusija; Bjelarus
hun: Belarusz; Fehéroroszország
ina: Bielorussia; Belarus
ind: Belarus / بيلاروس; Belarusia / بيلاروسيا
isl: Hvíta-Rússland
ita: Bielorussia; Russia Bianca
jnf: Bêlarus
kal: Hvideruslandi
kmr: Bêlorûsî / Белор’уси / بێلۆڕووسی
kur: Rûsyaya Spî / رووسیایا سپی
lat: Russia Alba; Ruthenia Alba; Bielorussia
lav: Baltkrievija
lim: Wit-Rösland
lin: Bielorusia
lit: Gudija; Baltarusija
lld-bad: Bieloruscia; Ruscia Blanćia
lld-grd: Bieloruscia; Ruscia Blancia
ltz: Wäissrussland / Wäiſsruſsland; Belarus / Belarus
mlg: Belarosia
mlt: Bjelorussja; Belarus
mol: Belorusia / Белорусия; Belarus / Беларус
mri: Pērara
msa: Belarus / بيلاروس
nds: Wittrussland / Wittruſsland
nld: Wit-Rusland
nno: Kviterussland
nob: Hviterussland
nrm: Blaunche-Russie
oci: Bielorussia; Belarus
pol: Białoruś
por: Bielorrússia; Bielo-Rússia; Belarus
que: Bilarus
rmy: Belarus / बेलारुस
ron: Bielorusia; Belarus
rup: Arusia albã
scn: Bielorussia
slk: Bielorusko
slo: Belarusia / Беларусиа; Belaruszem / Беларусзем
slv: Belorusija
sme: Vilges-Ruošša
smg: Baltarosėjė
smo: Pelarusi
spa: Belarús; Bielorrusia; Rusia Blanca
sqi: Bjellorusia
srd: Bielorrùssia; Belarùs
swe: Vitryssland
szl: Bjouoruś
tet: Bielorúsia
tgl: Belorusya; Bielorusya
ton: Pelālusi
tuk: Belarus / Беларусь; Belorusiýa / Белорусия
tur: Beyaz Rusya; Belarus
vie: Bê-la-rút
vol: Vieta-Rusän
vor: Valgõvinne
wln: Belaruss
wol: Belaarus
zza: Rusya Sıpiye; Belarus
chu: Бѣла Рѹсь (Běla Rusĭ)
alt | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссия (Belorussija)
che | chv: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белорусси (Belorussi)
abq: Беларусь (Bełarus'); Белоруссия (Bełorussija)
bak: Беларусь / Belarus; Белоруссия / Belorussiya
bel: Беларусь / Biełaruś
bul: Беларус (Belarus)
chm: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссий (Belorussij)
kaz: Беларусь / Belarws / بەلارۋس; Белоруссия / Belorwssïya / بەلورۋسسيا
kbd: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссие (Belorussie)
mkd: Белорусија (Belorusija)
mon: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белорус (Belorus)
oss: Белорусси (Belorussi)
srp: Белорусија / Belorusija
tat: Беларусь / Belarus; Белоруссия / Belorussiä
tgk: Беларус / بلروس / Belarus; Белоруссия / بلاروسیه / Belorussija
ukr: Білорусь (Bilorus')
xal: Белорус (Belorus)
ara: بيلاروسيا (Bīlārūsiyā); روسيا البيضاء (Rūsiyā l-Bayḍāʾ); بيلوروسيا (Bīlūrūsiyā); بيلاروس (Bīlārūs); بييلوروسيا (Biyīlūrūsiyā); بلاروس (Bilārūs)
fas: روسیۀ سفید (Rūsīye-ye Sefīd); بیلاروس (Biyelārūs); بیلوروس (Biyelorūs); بلوروسی (Belorūsī); بلاروسی (Belārūsī); بلاروس (Belārūs)
prs: بیلاروس (Bēlārūs); بیلوروسیه (Bēlōrūsiyâ)
pus: بېلاروس (Belārūs); سپين روس (Spīn Rūs); بېلوروسيه (Belorūsiyâ)
uig: بېلورۇسسىيە / Bélorussiye / Белоруссия
urd: بیلاروس (Belārūs); بیلارس (Belārus)
div: ބެލަރުސް (Belarus); ބެލާރުސް (Belārus)
syr: ܪܘܣܝܐ ܚܘܪܐ (Rūsiyā Ḥwarā); ܒܠܪܘܣ (Belarūs)
heb: רוסיה הלבנה (Rûsyah ha-Ləṿanah); בלרוס (Belarûs); בלארוס (Belârûs); בילרוס / ביילרוס (Byelarûs); ביילארוס (Byelârûs); בילורוסיה / ביילורוסיה (Byelôrûsyah)
lad: בילארוס / Belarus
yid: װײַסרוסלאַנד (Vaysrusland); בעלאָרוסיע (Belorusye)
amh: ቤላሩስ (Belarus); ቤሎሩሲያ (Belorusiya); ቤሎራሻ (Beloraša)
ell-dhi: Λευκορωσία (Leykorōsía)
ell-kat: Λευκορωσσία (Leykorōssía); Λευκορωσία (Leykorōsía)
hye: Բելառուս (Belaṙous)
kat: ბელარუსი (Belarusi); ბელორუსია (Belorusia)
mar | san: बेलारूस (Belārūs)
hin: बेलारूस (Belārūs); बायलोरूस (Bāylorūs)
nep: बेलारुस (Belārus)
ben: বেলারুস (Belārus); বেলারুশ (Belāruš); বেলোরুশিয়া (Belorušiyā)
pan: ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ (Belārūs)
kan: ಬೆಲಾರೂಸ್ (Belārūs)
mal: ബെലറൂസ് (Belaṟūs)
tam: பெலாரஸ் (Pelāras); பெலாருஸ் (Pelārus); பெலாரூஸ் (Pelārūs)
tel: బెలారస్ (Belāras)
zho: 白俄羅斯/白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluōsī)
jpn: ベラルーシ (Berarūshi)
kor: 벨라루스 (Bellaruseu)
mya: ဘီလာရုဇ္ (Bʰilaẏúz)
tha: เบลารุส (Bēlārut)
lao: ເບລາລຸດ (Bēlālut)
khm: បេឡារុស្ស (Beḷāruss); បែឡារូស (Bæḷārūs)
chr: ᏇᎳᎷᏒ / Quelalusv
Belarus / Беларусь / Biełaruś / Bielorussia
Is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the north. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of the country is forested,[4] and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the Belarusians lacked the opportunity to create a distinctive national identity because for centuries the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several ethnically different countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the short-lived Belarusian People’s Republic (1918–19), Belarus became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Byelorussian SSR.
The final unification of Belarusian lands within its modern borders took place in 1939, when the ethnically Belarusian-Russian lands held by the Second Polish Republic (interwar Poland) were annexed into the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact,[5] and attached to Soviet Belarus. The territory and its nation were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources;[6] the republic was redeveloped in the post-war years.
The parliament of the republic declared the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991. Alexander Lukashenko has been the country's president since 1994. During his presidency, Lukashenko has implemented Soviet-era policies, such as state ownership of the economy, despite objections from Western governments. Since 2000, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty for greater cooperation, with some hints of forming a Union State.
Most of Belarus's population of 9.85 million reside in the urban areas surrounding Minsk and other oblast (regional) capitals.[7] More than 80% of the population are native Belarusians, with sizable minorities of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians. Since a referendum in 1995, the country has had two official languages: Belarusian and Russian. The Constitution of Belarus does not declare an official religion, although the primary religion in the country is Russian Orthodox Christianity. The second most popular, Roman Catholicism, has a much smaller following by comparison, but both Orthodox and Catholic Christmas and Easter are officially respected as national holidays.
Etymology
The name Belarus derives from the term White Rus, which first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature. The Latin term for the area was Alba Ruthenia. Historically, the country was referred to in English as White Ruthenia. It is also claimed that White Ruthenia describes the area of Eastern Europe populated by Slavic people or the states that occupied the area.[8] The first known use of White Russia to refer to Belarus was in the late-16th century by Englishman Sir Jerome Horsey.[9] During the 17th century, Russian tsars used White Rus', asserting that they were trying to recapture their heritage from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[9]
Belarus was named Byelorussia (Russian: Белоруссия) in the days of Russian Empire, and the Russian tsar was usually styled Tsar of All the Russias—Great, Little, and White. Byelorussia was the only Russian language name of the country (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) until 1991, when the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic decreed by law that the new independent republic should be called Belarus (Беларусь) in Russian and in all other language transcriptions of its name. The change was made to reflect adequately the Belarusian language form of the name.[10]
Accordingly, the name Byelorussia was replaced by Belarus in English,[11] and, to some extent, in Russian (although the traditional name still persists in that language as well); likewise, the adjective Belorussian or Byelorussian was replaced by Belarusian in English (though Russian has not developed a new adjective). Belarusian intelligentsia in the Stalin era attempted to change the name from Byelorussia to a form of Krivia because of the supposed connection with Russia.[12] Some nationalists also object to the name for the same reason.[13][14] However, several popular newspapers published locally still retain the old name of the country in Russian in their names, for example Komsomolskaya Pravda v Byelorussii, which is the localized publication of a popular Russian tabloid. Also, those who wish for Belarus to be reunited with Russia continue to use Byelorussia.[14] Officially, the full name of the country is Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Byelarus')
History
The region that is now modern-day Belarus was first settled by Slavic tribes in the 6th century. They gradually came into contact with the Varangians, a band of warriors consisting of Scandinavians and Slavs from the Baltics.[16] Though defeated and briefly exiled by the local population, the Varangians were later asked to return[16] and helped to form a polity—commonly referred to as the Kievan Rus'—in exchange for tribute. The Kievan Rus' state began in about 862 around the city of Kiev or alternatively around the present-day city of Novgorod,
Upon the death of Kievan Rus' ruler, Prince Yaroslav the Wise, the state split into independent principalities. These Ruthenian principalities were badly affected by a Mongol invasion in the 13th century, and many were later incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Of the principalities held by the Duchy, nine were settled by ancestors of the Belarusian people. During this time, the Duchy was involved in several military campaigns, including fighting on the side of Poland against the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410; the joint victory allowed the Duchy to control the northwestern border lands of Eastern Europe.
On 2 February 1386, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland were joined in a personal union through a marriage of their rulers. This union set in motion the developments that eventually resulted in the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569. The Russians, led by Tsar Ivan the III, began military conquests in 1486 in an attempt to acquire the Kievan Rus' lands, specifically the territories of modern day Belarus and Ukraine. Despite Russian attempts at conquest, the territories of modern day Belarus remained an integral part of the Polish-Lithuanina Commonwealth for over 400 years, with the local traditions and languages being supported by the Polish Crown. The union between Poland and Lithuania ended in 1795 with the partitioning of Poland by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria.During this time the territories of modern day Belarus were acquired by the Russian Empire, under the reign of Catherine II and held until their occupation by German Empire during World War I.
During the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Belarus first declared independence on 25 March 1918, forming the Belarusian People’s Republic. The Germans supported the BPR, which lasted for about ten months. Soon after the Germans were defeated, the BPR fell under the influence of the Bolsheviks and the Red Army and became the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1919. After Russian occupation of eastern and northern Lithuania, it was merged into the Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Following the Polish–Soviet War the lands of modern day Belarus were split between Poland and the Soviet Union, and the recreated Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922.
A set of agricultural reforms, culminating in the Belarusian phase of Soviet collectivization, began in the 1920s. A process of rapid industrialization was undertaken during the 1930s, following the model of Soviet five-year plans.
In 1939, West Belarus, the territory of modern day Belarus that Poland had acquired from the Soviets pursuant to Treaty of Riga two decades earlier, was annexed by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The area was a part of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. The decision was made by the Soviet controlled Belarusian People Council on October 28, 1939 in Białystok
Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 – the Brest Fortress in western Belarus receiving one of the fiercest of the war's opening blows, with its notable defense in 1941 coming to be remembered as an act of heroism in countering the German aggression. Statistically, Byelorussia was the hardest hit Soviet Republic in the war and remained in Nazi hands until 1944. During that time, Germany destroyed 209 out of 290 cities in the republic, 85% of the republic's industry, and more than one million buildings. Casualties were estimated to between two and three million (about a quarter to one-third of the total population), while the Jewish population of Byelorussia was devastated during the Holocaust and never recovered. The population of Belarus did not regain its pre-war level until 1971. After the war ended, Byelorussia was officially among the 51 founding countries of the United Nations Charter in 1945. Intense post-war reconstruction was initiated promptly. During this time, the Byelorussian SSR became a major center of manufacturing in the western region of the USSR, increasing jobs and bringing an influx of ethnic Russians into the republic. The borders of Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn to a point known as the Curzon Line.
Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. This policy involved sending Russians from various parts of the Soviet Union and placing them in key positions in the Byelorussian SSR government. The official use of the Belarusian language and other cultural aspects were limited by Moscow. After Stalin died in 1953, successor Nikita Khrushchev continued this program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism." The Byelorussian SSR was significantly exposed to nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant in neighboring Ukrainian SSR in 1986. In June 1988 at the rural site of Kurapaty near Minsk, archaeologist Zianon Pazniak, the leader of Christian Conservative Party of the BPF, discovered mass graves which contained about 250,000 bodies of victims executed in 1937–1941. Some nationalists contend that this discovery is proof that the Soviet government was trying to erase the Belarusian people, causing Belarusian nationalists to seek independence.
Two years later, in March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. Though the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front took only 10% of the seats, the populace was content with the selection of the delegates. Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990, by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. With the support of the Communist Party, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus on 25 August 1991. Stanislav Shushkevich, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991, in Belavezhskaya Pushcha to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. A national constitution was adopted in March 1994, in which the functions of prime minister were given to the president.
Two-round elections for the presidency (24 June 1994 and 10 July 1994) resulted in the politically unknown Alexander Lukashenko winning more than 45% of the vote in the first round and 80% in the second round, beating Vyacheslav Kebich who got 14%. Lukashenko was reelected in 2001 and in 2006.
Geography
Belarus is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. According to a 2005 estimate by the United Nations, 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. Many streams and 11,000 lakes are found in Belarus. Three major rivers run through the country: the Neman, the Pripyat, and the Dnepr. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnepr; the Dnepr flows southward towards the Black Sea. Belarus's highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill) at 345 metres (1,132 ft), and its lowest point is on the Neman River at 90 metres (295 ft). The average elevation of Belarus is 525 feet (160 m) above sea level. The climate ranges from harsh winters, with average January temperatures at −6 °C (21.2 °F), to cool and moist summers with an average temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F). Belarus has an average annual rainfall of 550 to 700 mm (21.7 to 27.6 in). The country experiences a yearly transition from a continental climate to a maritime climate.
Belarus's natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. About 70% of the radiation from neighboring Ukraine's 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster entered Belarusian territory, and as of 2005 about a fifth of Belarusian land (principally farmland and forests in the southeastern provinces) continues to be affected by radiation fallout. The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137.
Belarus is bordered by Latvia on the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and east and Ukraine to the south. Treaties in 1995 and 1996 demarcated Belarus's borders with Latvia and Lithuania, but Belarus failed to ratify a 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border. Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007.
Other Info
Oficial name:
Рэспубліка Беларусь/ Respublika Biełaruś
Республика Беларусь/Respublika Belarus
Independence:
Declared July 27, 1990
- Established August 25, 1991
- Completed December 25, 1991
Area:
207.600 km2
Inhabitants:
10.500.000
Languages:
беларуская мова, "Biełaruskaja mova" and русский (Russien)
Belarusan [bel] 6,715,000 in Belarus (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population total all countries: 9,081,102. Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Canada, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia (Europe), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Belarusian, Belorussian, Bielorussian, White Russian, White Ruthenian, Byelorussian. Dialects: Northeast Belarusan (Polots, Viteb-Mogilev), Southwest Belarusan (Grodnen-Baranovich, Slutsko-Mozyr, Slutska-Mazyrski), Central Belarusan. Linguistically between Russian and Ukrainian, with transitional dialects to both. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, East
Capital city:
Minsk
Meaning of the country name:
From Belarusian, meaning "White Rus'", "White Ruthenia". Formerly known as Byelorussia, a transliteration from the Russian name meaning "White Russia". (See Russia below.) The name changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union to emphasize the historic and ongoing separate distinctness of the nations of Belarus and Russia. (See Belarus: Name for more.) The exact original meaning conveyed by the term "Bela" or 'White' remains uncertain. Early cultures commonly employed the concept of "whiteness" as representing the qualities of freedom, purity, or nobility. On the other hand, it may simply have originated as a totem color of convenience. Note that part of the western territory of modern Belarus historically bore the name of "Chernarossija" or 'Black Rus'. The term "Black" most commonly applied to landscapes featuring especially rich and productive soils. How this may reflect on the origin of the term 'White Rus' remains as yet unexplored. Yet another region in present-day western Ukraine historically had the name "Red Russia" or "Red Ruthenia". Note also that colors represented cardinal directions in Mongol and Tatar culture.
Description Flag:
The flag does not differ significantly from the flag of the Byelorussian SSR, other than the removal of the hammer and sickle and the red star, and the reversal of red and white in the hoist pattern. The standards of how to make the national flag are laid out in a document, numbered РСТ Беларуси 911-91.
The red color of the flag signifies the past history of Belarus, as the color used by the Belarusian forces at the Battle of Grunwald, and of the Red Army when they were fighting Nazi Germany during World War II. Green stands for the bright future ahead of Belarus, and also represents the many forests located in the country. While the colors of the flag are red, green, and white, the exact shades have not been determined by either law or decree. The publication Album des pavillons nationaux et des marques distinctives gave an estimate of what the colors are in the Pantone color process
Coat of arms:
Design
In the center of the emblem sits a green outline of Belarus, superimposed over the rays of a golden sun. The sun is partially covered by a globe, with the landmass (part of Eurasia) in purple and waters in blue. Lining the left and right sides of the emblem are stalks of wheat, superimposed with flowers. Clovers adorn the left wheat stalks; flax flowers adorn the right. Wrapped around the wheat stalks is a red and green ribbon bearing the colors of the flag of Belarus; the ribbon meets at the base of the emblem, where the name Republic of Belarus (Рэспублiка Беларусь) is inscribed in gold in the Belarusian language. At the top of the emblem rests a five-pointed red star. The designer of the emblem is not known.
Symbolism
The elements that comprise the state emblem are not tied to any "official" symbolism. It has been suggested that the emblem signifies the "historical adherence of the Belarusian people to constructive labor, their faith in the triumph of justice, and attainment of a worthy place in the world community." The design of the emblem of the Byelorussian SSR was used as the basis for the current Belarusian emblem; the primary difference between the two is that the Byelorussian SSR emblem contains certain references to Communism, such as the Communist symbol of hammer and sickle, which the modern emblem does not.
National Anthem: Мы, беларусы , My Belarusy
Мы, беларусы - мірныя людзі,
Сэрцам адданыя роднай зямлі,
Шчыра сябруем, сілы гартуем
Мы ў працавітай, вольнай сям'і.
Прыпеў:
Слаўся, зямлі нашай светлае імя,
Слаўся, народаў братэрскі саюз!
Наша любімая маці-Радзіма,
Вечна жыві і квітней, Беларусь!
Разам з братамі мужна вякамі
Мы баранілі родны парог,
У бітвах за волю, бітвах за долю
Свой здабывалі сцяг перамог!
Прыпеў
Дружба народаў - сіла народаў -
Наш запаветны, сонечны шлях.
Горда ж узвіся ў ясныя высі,
Сцяг пераможны - радасці сцяг!
Прыпеў
Transliteration
My, Biełarusy – mirnyja ludzi,
Sercam addanyja rodnaj ziamli.
Ščyra siabrujem, siły hartujem
My ŭ pracavitaj, volnay siamji!
Chorus:
Słaŭsia ziamli našaj śvietłaje imia,
Słaŭsia, narodaŭ braterski sajuz!
Naša lubimaja maci-Radzima,
Večna žyvi i kvitniey, Biełaruś!
Razam z bratami mužna viakami
My baranili rodny paroh,
Ŭ bitvach za volu, bitvach za dolu
Svoj zdabyvali ściah pieramoh!
Chorus
Družba narodaŭ – siła narodaŭ –
Naš zapavietny, soniečny šlach.
Horda ž uzvijsia ŭ jasnyja vysi,
Ściah pieramožny – radaści ściah!
Chorus
English
We, Belarusians, are peaceful people,
Whole-heartedly devoted to our Motherland.
We are faithful friends, growing up and
Living in a hardworking and independent family.
Refrain
Glory to the blessed name of our land!
Glory to the brotherly union of peoples!
Long live and prosper,
Our beloved Motherland – Belarus!
Together with our brothers, for centuries we
Courageously defended our home’s threshold.
We won our banners of victory
In battles for freedom and our lot!
Refrain
Peoples’ friendship is peoples’ strength and
Our sacred sunlit way.
Fly proudly in the clear skies,
The banner of victory, the banner of sunshine!
Refrain
Internet Page:
Belarus in diferent languages
eng | cym | jav | swa: Belarus
ast | eus | glg: Bielorrusia
crh | gag: Belarus / Беларусь
dsb | hsb: Běłoruska
kaa | uzb: Belarus / Беларусь; Belorussiya / Белоруссия
kin | run: Belaruse
roh-enb | roh-gri: Bielorussia; Russia alba
roh-eno | roh-srs: Bielorussia; Russia alva
afr: Wit-Rusland; Belo-Rusland
arg: Belarrusia; Belorrusia; Bielorrusia
aze: Belarusiya / Беларусија; Belarus / Беларус
bam: Biyelɔrisi
bos: Bjelorusija / Бјелорусија
bre: Byelarus
cat: Bielorússia
ces: Bělorusko; Bílá Rus
cor: Belarussi
csb: Biôłorëskô
dan: Belarus; Hviderusland
deu: Weißrussland / Weißruſsland; Belarus / Belarus
epo: Belorusujo; Belorusio; Belarusio
est: Valgevene
fao: Hvítarussland
fin: Valko-Venäjä
fra: Belarus; Bélarus; Biélorussie
frp: Bièlorussie
fry: Wyt-Ruslân
fur: Bielorussie; Russie Blancje
gla: A’ Bhealaruis; Bealaruis; Bealoruisia
gle: An Bhealarúis / An Ḃealarúis
glv: Yn Velaroosh
hat: Byelorisi
hrv: Bjelorusija; Bjelarus
hun: Belarusz; Fehéroroszország
ina: Bielorussia; Belarus
ind: Belarus / بيلاروس; Belarusia / بيلاروسيا
isl: Hvíta-Rússland
ita: Bielorussia; Russia Bianca
jnf: Bêlarus
kal: Hvideruslandi
kmr: Bêlorûsî / Белор’уси / بێلۆڕووسی
kur: Rûsyaya Spî / رووسیایا سپی
lat: Russia Alba; Ruthenia Alba; Bielorussia
lav: Baltkrievija
lim: Wit-Rösland
lin: Bielorusia
lit: Gudija; Baltarusija
lld-bad: Bieloruscia; Ruscia Blanćia
lld-grd: Bieloruscia; Ruscia Blancia
ltz: Wäissrussland / Wäiſsruſsland; Belarus / Belarus
mlg: Belarosia
mlt: Bjelorussja; Belarus
mol: Belorusia / Белорусия; Belarus / Беларус
mri: Pērara
msa: Belarus / بيلاروس
nds: Wittrussland / Wittruſsland
nld: Wit-Rusland
nno: Kviterussland
nob: Hviterussland
nrm: Blaunche-Russie
oci: Bielorussia; Belarus
pol: Białoruś
por: Bielorrússia; Bielo-Rússia; Belarus
que: Bilarus
rmy: Belarus / बेलारुस
ron: Bielorusia; Belarus
rup: Arusia albã
scn: Bielorussia
slk: Bielorusko
slo: Belarusia / Беларусиа; Belaruszem / Беларусзем
slv: Belorusija
sme: Vilges-Ruošša
smg: Baltarosėjė
smo: Pelarusi
spa: Belarús; Bielorrusia; Rusia Blanca
sqi: Bjellorusia
srd: Bielorrùssia; Belarùs
swe: Vitryssland
szl: Bjouoruś
tet: Bielorúsia
tgl: Belorusya; Bielorusya
ton: Pelālusi
tuk: Belarus / Беларусь; Belorusiýa / Белорусия
tur: Beyaz Rusya; Belarus
vie: Bê-la-rút
vol: Vieta-Rusän
vor: Valgõvinne
wln: Belaruss
wol: Belaarus
zza: Rusya Sıpiye; Belarus
chu: Бѣла Рѹсь (Běla Rusĭ)
alt | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссия (Belorussija)
che | chv: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белорусси (Belorussi)
abq: Беларусь (Bełarus'); Белоруссия (Bełorussija)
bak: Беларусь / Belarus; Белоруссия / Belorussiya
bel: Беларусь / Biełaruś
bul: Беларус (Belarus)
chm: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссий (Belorussij)
kaz: Беларусь / Belarws / بەلارۋس; Белоруссия / Belorwssïya / بەلورۋسسيا
kbd: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белоруссие (Belorussie)
mkd: Белорусија (Belorusija)
mon: Беларусь (Belarus'); Белорус (Belorus)
oss: Белорусси (Belorussi)
srp: Белорусија / Belorusija
tat: Беларусь / Belarus; Белоруссия / Belorussiä
tgk: Беларус / بلروس / Belarus; Белоруссия / بلاروسیه / Belorussija
ukr: Білорусь (Bilorus')
xal: Белорус (Belorus)
ara: بيلاروسيا (Bīlārūsiyā); روسيا البيضاء (Rūsiyā l-Bayḍāʾ); بيلوروسيا (Bīlūrūsiyā); بيلاروس (Bīlārūs); بييلوروسيا (Biyīlūrūsiyā); بلاروس (Bilārūs)
fas: روسیۀ سفید (Rūsīye-ye Sefīd); بیلاروس (Biyelārūs); بیلوروس (Biyelorūs); بلوروسی (Belorūsī); بلاروسی (Belārūsī); بلاروس (Belārūs)
prs: بیلاروس (Bēlārūs); بیلوروسیه (Bēlōrūsiyâ)
pus: بېلاروس (Belārūs); سپين روس (Spīn Rūs); بېلوروسيه (Belorūsiyâ)
uig: بېلورۇسسىيە / Bélorussiye / Белоруссия
urd: بیلاروس (Belārūs); بیلارس (Belārus)
div: ބެލަރުސް (Belarus); ބެލާރުސް (Belārus)
syr: ܪܘܣܝܐ ܚܘܪܐ (Rūsiyā Ḥwarā); ܒܠܪܘܣ (Belarūs)
heb: רוסיה הלבנה (Rûsyah ha-Ləṿanah); בלרוס (Belarûs); בלארוס (Belârûs); בילרוס / ביילרוס (Byelarûs); ביילארוס (Byelârûs); בילורוסיה / ביילורוסיה (Byelôrûsyah)
lad: בילארוס / Belarus
yid: װײַסרוסלאַנד (Vaysrusland); בעלאָרוסיע (Belorusye)
amh: ቤላሩስ (Belarus); ቤሎሩሲያ (Belorusiya); ቤሎራሻ (Beloraša)
ell-dhi: Λευκορωσία (Leykorōsía)
ell-kat: Λευκορωσσία (Leykorōssía); Λευκορωσία (Leykorōsía)
hye: Բելառուս (Belaṙous)
kat: ბელარუსი (Belarusi); ბელორუსია (Belorusia)
mar | san: बेलारूस (Belārūs)
hin: बेलारूस (Belārūs); बायलोरूस (Bāylorūs)
nep: बेलारुस (Belārus)
ben: বেলারুস (Belārus); বেলারুশ (Belāruš); বেলোরুশিয়া (Belorušiyā)
pan: ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ (Belārūs)
kan: ಬೆಲಾರೂಸ್ (Belārūs)
mal: ബെലറൂസ് (Belaṟūs)
tam: பெலாரஸ் (Pelāras); பெலாருஸ் (Pelārus); பெலாரூஸ் (Pelārūs)
tel: బెలారస్ (Belāras)
zho: 白俄羅斯/白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluōsī)
jpn: ベラルーシ (Berarūshi)
kor: 벨라루스 (Bellaruseu)
mya: ဘီလာရုဇ္ (Bʰilaẏúz)
tha: เบลารุส (Bēlārut)
lao: ເບລາລຸດ (Bēlālut)
khm: បេឡារុស្ស (Beḷāruss); បែឡារូស (Bæḷārūs)
chr: ᏇᎳᎷᏒ / Quelalusv