Bahrain / اَلْبَحْرَيْن / Barém

Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين‎, Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn, literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.

 

The planned Qatar Bahrain Causeway will link Bahrain and Qatar as the longest fixed link in the world. Bahrain is also known for its oil and pearls. The country is also the home of many popular structures such as the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour, and also the home of many skyscrapers, including the proposed 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high supertall Murjan Tower. The Bahrain International Circuit is also located here, and is the place where the popular Bahrain F1 Grand Prix takes place.

 

History

Pre-Islamic

 

Bahrain is the Arabic term for "two seas", referring to the freshwater springs that are found within the salty seas surrounding it. Bahrain has been inhabited since ancient times. Its strategic location in the Persian Gulf has brought rule and influence from the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and the Arabs, under whom the island became Islamic. Bahrain may have been associated with Dilmun which is mentioned by Mesopotamian civilizations.

During its history it was called by different names such as Awal, then Mishmahig, when it was a part of the Persian Empire. From the 3rd to 6th century BC, Bahrain was included in Persian Empire by Achaemenians, an Iranian dynasty. From the 3rd century BC to the arrival of Islam in the 7th century AD, Bahrain was controlled by two other Iranian dynasties of Parthians and Sassanids. By about 250 BC, the Parthian dynasty brought the Persian Gulf under its control and extended its influence as far as Oman.

Because they needed to control the Persian Gulf trade route, the Parthians established garrisons in the southern coast of Persian Gulf. In the 3rd century AD, the Sassanids succeeded the Parthians and held the area until the rise of Islam four centuries later. Ardashir, the first ruler of the Iranian Sassanian dynasty marched forward on Oman and Bahrain, and defeated Sanatruq. At this time, Bahrain incorporated the southern Sassanid province covering the Persian Gulf's southern shore plus the archipelago of Bahrain.

The southern province of the Sassanid Empire was subdivided into the three districts of Haggar (now al-Hafuf province, Saudi Arabia), Batan Ardashir (now al-Qatif province, Saudi Arabia), and Mishmahig (which in Middle-Persian/Pahlavi means "ewe-fish"). Until Bahrain adopted Islam in 629 AD, it was a center of Nestorian Christianity. Early Islamic sources describe it as being inhabited by members of the Abdul Qays, Tamim, and Bakr tribes, worshiping the idol Awal.

Islamic conversion and Portuguese control

In 899 AD, a millenarian Ismaili sect, the Qarmatians, seized the country and sought to create a utopian society based on reason and the distribution of all property evenly among the initiates. The Qarmatians caused disruption throughout the Islamic world; they collected tribute from the caliph in Baghdad, and in 930 AD sacked Mecca and Medina, bringing the sacred Black Stone back to their base in Ahsa, in medieval Bahrain where it was held to ransom. According to the historian Al-Juwayni, the Stone was returned twenty-two years later, in 951, under mysterious circumstances; wrapped in a sack, it was thrown into the Friday mosque of Kufa accompanied by a note saying "By command we took it, and by command we have brought it back." The Black Stone's abduction and removal caused further damage, breaking the stone into seven pieces.

The Qarmatians were defeated in 976 AD by the Abbasids. The final end of the Qarmatians came at the hand of the Arab Uyunid dynasty of al-Hasa, who took over the entire Bahrain region in 1076. They controlled the Bahrain islands until 1235, when the islands were briefly occupied by the ruler of Fars. In 1253, the Bedouin Usfurids brought down the Uyunid dynasty and gained control over eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain. In 1330, the islands became tributary to the rulers of Hormuz, though locally the islands were controlled by the Shi'ite Jarwanid dynasty of Qatif.

Until the late Middle Ages, "Bahrain" referred to the larger historical region of Bahrain that included Ahsa, Qatif (both now within the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia) and the Awal Islands (now the Bahrain Islands). The region stretched from Basrah to the Strait of Hormuz in Oman. This was Iqlīm al-Bahrayn "Bahrayn Province". The exact date at which the term "Bahrain" began to refer solely to the Awal archipelago is unknown. In the mid-15th century, the islands came under the rule of the Jabrids, a Bedouin dynasty that was also based in al-Ahsa and ruled most of eastern Arabia.

The Portuguese invaded Bahrain in 1521 in alliance with Hormuz, seizing it from the Jabrid ruler Migrin ibn Zamil, who was killed in battle. Portuguese rule lasted for nearly 80 years, during which they depended mostly on Sunni Persian governors. The Portuguese were expelled from the islands in 1602 by Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, who instituted Shi'ism as the official religion in Bahrain. The Iranian rulers retained sovereignty over the islands, with some interruptions, for nearly two centuries. For most of that period, they resorted to governing Bahrain indirectly, either through Bushehr or through immigrant Sunni Arab clans, such as the Huwala, who where returning to Arabian side of the Gulf from the Persian territories in the north, namely Lar[disambiguation needed] and Bushehr (whence the name, Hawilah, "the returnees"). During this period, the islands suffered two serious invasions by the Ibadhis of Oman in 1717 and 1738. In 1753, the Huwala clan of Al Madhkur invaded Bahrain on behalf of the Iranians, restoring direct Iranian rule.

 

Origin of the Bani Utbah tribe

The Al Bin Ali tribe are the original descendants of Bani Utbah tribe being that they are the only tribe to carry the last name Al-Utbi in their Ownership's documents of Palm gardens in Bahrain as early as the year 1699–1111 Hijri. They are specifically descendants of their great grand father Ali Al-Utbi who is a descendant of their great grand father Utbah hence the name Bani Utbah which means sons of Utbah. Utbah is the great grandfather of the Bani Utbah which is a section of Khafaf from Bani Sulaim bin Mansoor from Mudhar from Adnan. The plural word for Al-Utbi is Utub and the name of the tribe is Bani Utbah.

In 1783, Nasr Al-Madhkur lost the islands of Bahrain to Bani Utbah tribe to which Shaikh Isa Bin Tarif, Chief of Al Bin Ali belongs. Shaikh Isa Bin Tarif was a descendant of the original uttoobee conquerors of Bahrain This took place after the defeat of Nasr Al-Madhkur to the Bani Utbah in the battle of Zubarah that took place in the year 1782 between the Al Bin Ali from the Bani Utbah tribe and the army of Nasr Al-Madhkur, ruler of Bahrain and Bushire. Zubarah was originally the center of power of the Bani Utbah in which the Al Bin Ali Tribe in Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and U.A.E derives from. The Al Bin Ali were the Arabs that were occupying Zubarah, they were the original dominant group of Zubarah.

The islands of Bahrain were not new to the Bani Utbah, they were always connected to this island, whether by settling in it during summer season or by purchasing date palm gardens. The Al Bin Ali were a politically important group that moved backwards and forwards between Qatar and Bahrain. The Bani Utbah had been present in the banks of Bahrain in the seventeenth century. During that time, they started purchasing date palm gardens in Bahrain. One of the documents which belongs to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al Utbi, one of the Shaikh's of the Al Bin Ali, backs this statement about the presence of the Bani Utbah in Bahrain in the seventeenth century. It states that Mariam Bint Ahmed Al Sindi, a shia women has sold a Palm Garden in the Island Of Sitra at Bahrain to Shaikh Salama Bin Saif Al Utbi dating to the year 1699–1111 Hijri before the arrival of Al-Khalifa to Bahrain by more than 90 years..

 

Rising power of Bani Utbah

After the Bani Utbah gained power in 1783, the Al Bin Ali had a practically independent status in Bahrain as a self governed tribe. They used a flag with four red and three white stripes, called the Al-Sulami flag in Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Eastern province in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was raised on their ships during wartime and in the pearl season and on special occasions such as weddings and during Eid and in the "Ardha of war". Al Bin Ali were known for their courage, persistence, and abundant wealth.

Later, different Arab family clans and tribes mostly from Qatar moved to Bahrain to settle there since the Persian sovereignty there had come to an end with the fall of the Zand Dynasty of Persia. These families and tribes included the Al Khalifa, Al-Ma'awdah, Al-Fadhil, Al-Mannai, Al-Noaimi, Al-Sulaiti, Al-Sadah, Al-Thawadi, and other families and tribes.

Most of these tribes settled in Muharraq, the capital of Bahrain and the center of power at that time since the Al Bin Ali lived there. There is still a neighborhood in Muharraq city named Al Bin Ali. It is the oldest and biggest neighborhood in Muharraq, members of this tribe lived in this area for more than three centuries.

Al Khalifa ascendancy to Bahrain and their treaties with the British

Fourteen years later after gaining power of Bani Utbah, the Al Khalifa family moved to Bahrain in 1797 as settlers in Jaww, and later moved to Riffa. They were originally from Kuwait but had left it in 1766. According to a tradition preserved by the Al-Sabah family, the reason why the ancestors of their section and those of the Al-Khalifa section came to Kuwait was that they had been expelled by the Turks from Umm Qasr upon Khor Zubair, an earlier seat from which they had been accustomed to prey as brigands upon the caravans of Basra and as pirates upon the shipping of the Shatt Al Arab.

In the early nineteenth centuriy, Bahrain was invaded by both the Omanis and the Al Sauds, and in 1802 it was governed by a twelve year old child, when the Omani ruler Sayyid Sultan installed his son, Salim, as Governor in the Arad Fort.

In 1820, the Al Khalifa rule to Bahrain became active, but it was buttressed when it entered into a treaty relationship with Britain, which was by then the dominant military power in the Persian Gulf. This treaty granted the Al Khalifa the title of Rulers of Bahrain. It was the first of several treaties including the 1861 Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship, which was further revised in 1892 and 1951. In the 19th century, the Al-Khalifas controlled the main archipelago of Bahrain, the Hawar Islands and the section of the Qatar peninsula around Zubarah called the Zubarah Bloc. The Al Bin Ali played a part in helping the Al Khalifa to retain possession of their new territory in the early days. Between 1869 and 1872 Midhat Pasha brought the islands nominally under the authority of the Ottoman Empire with coordination with the British and Ottoman ships starting appearing in the area.

 

This treaty was similar to those entered into by the British Government with the other Persian Gulf principalities. It specified that the ruler could not dispose of any of his territory except to the United Kingdom and could not enter into relationships with any foreign government without British consent. In return the British promised to protect Bahrain from all aggression by sea and to lend support in case of land attack. More importantly the British promised to support the rule of the Al Khalifa in Bahrain, securing its unstable position as rulers of the country. According to SOAS academic, Nelida Fuccaro:

 

From this perspective state building under the Al Khalifa shayks should not be considered exclusively as the result of Britain's informal empire in the Persian Gulf. In fact, it was a long process of strategic negotiation with different sections of the local population in order to establish a pre-eminence of their particularly artistic Sunni/Bedouin tradition of family rule.

Peace and trade brought a new prosperity. Bahrain was no longer dependent upon pearling, and by the mid-19th century it became the pre-eminent trading centre in the Persian Gulf, overtaking rivals Basra, Kuwait, and finally in the 1870s, Muscat. At the same time, Bahrain's socio-economic development began to diverge from the rest of the Persian Gulf: it transformed itself from a tribal trading centre in to a modern state. This process was spurred by the attraction of large numbers of Persian, Huwala, and Indian merchant families who set up businesses on the island, making it the hub of a web of trade routes across the Persian Gulf, Persia and the Indian sub-continent. A contemporary account of Manama in 1862 found:

 

Mixed with the indigenous population [of Manamah] are numerous strangers and settlers, some of whom have been established here for many generations back, attracted from other lands by the profits of either commerce or the pearl fishery, and still retaining more or less the physiognomy and garb of their native countries. Thus the gay-coloured dress of the southern Persian, the saffron-stained vest of Oman, the white robe of Nejed, and the striped gown of Bagdad, are often to be seen mingling with the light garments of Bahreyn, its blue and red turban, its white silk-fringed cloth worn Banian fashion round the waist, and its frock-like overall; while a small but unmistakable colony of Indians, merchants by profession, and mainly from Guzerat, Cutch, and their vicinity, keep up here all their peculiarities of costume and manner, and live among the motley crowd, ‘among them, but not of them’.

—WG Palgrave, Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1862–3), [44]

Palgrave's description of Manama's coffee houses in the mid-19th century portrays them as cosmopolitan venues in contrast to what he describes as the ‘closely knit and bigoted universe of central Arabia’.[45] Palgrave describes a people with an open – even urbane – outlook: "Of religious controversy I have never heard one word. In short, instead of Zelators and fanatics, camel-drivers and Bedouins, we have at Bahrain [Manama] something like ‘men of the world, who know the world like men’ a great relief to the mind; certainly it was so to mine."[46]

 

The great trading families that emerged during this period have been compared to the Borgias and Medicis[47] and their great wealth – long before the oil wealth the region would later be renown for – gave them extensive power, and among the most prominent were the Persian Al Safar family, who held the position of Native Agents of Britain in 19th Century.[48] The Al Safar enjoyed an 'exceptionally close'[49] relationship with the Al Khalifa clan from 1869, although the al-Khalifa never intermarried with them – it has been speculated that this could be related to political reasons (to limit the Safars’ influence with the ruling family) and possibly for religious reasons (because the Safars were Shia).

 

Bahrain's trade with India saw the cultural influence of the subcontinent grow dramatically, with styles of dress, cuisine, and education all showing a marked Indian influence. According to Exeter University's James Onley "In these and countless other ways, eastern Arabia's ports and people were as much a part of the Indian Ocean world as they were a part of the Arab world."[50]

 

Bahrain underwent a period of major social reform between 1926 and 1957, under the de facto rule of Charles Belgrave, the British advisor to Shaikh Hamad ibn Isa Al-Khalifa (1872-1942). The country's first modern school was established in 1919, with the opening of the Al-Hiddaya Boys School, while the Arab Persian Gulf's first girls' school opened in 1928. The American Mission Hospital, established by the Dutch Reform Church, began work in 1903. Other reforms include the abolition of slavery, while the pearl diving industry developed at a rapid pace.

 

These reforms were often opposed vigorously by powerful groups within Bahrain including sections within the ruling family, tribal forces, the religious authorities and merchants. In order to counter conservatives, the British removed the Emir, Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa, replacing him with his son in 1923. Some Sunni tribes such as the al Dossari were forcibly removed from Bahrain and sent to mainland Arabia, while clerical opponents of social reforms were exiled to Saudi and Iran, and the heads of some merchant and notable families were likewise exiled. The Britain's interest in pushing Bahrain's development was motivated by concerns about Saudi-Wahabbi and Iranian ambitions.

 

Discovery of petroleum

Oil was discovered in 1932 and brought rapid modernization to Bahrain. This discovery made relations with the United Kingdom closer, as evidenced by the British establishing more bases there. British influence would continue to grow as the country developed, culminating with the appointment of Charles Belgrave as an advisor; Belgrave established modern education systems in Bahrain. After World War II, increasing anti-British sentiment spread throughout the Arab World and led to riots in Bahrain. The riots focused on the Jewish community, which counted among its members distinguished writers and singers, accountants, engineers and middle managers working for the Oil Company, textile merchants with business all over the peninsula, and free professionals.

Following the events of 1947, most members of Bahrain's Jewish community abandoned their properties and evacuated to Bombay, later settling in Palestine (later Israel – Tel Aviv's Pardes Chana neighborhood) and the United Kingdom. As of 2007, 36 Jews remained in the country. The issue of compensation was never settled. In 1960, the United Kingdom put Bahrain's future to international arbitration and requested that the United Nations Secretary-General take on this responsibility.

In 1970, Iran laid claim to Bahrain and the other Persian Gulf islands. However, in an agreement with the United Kingdom it agreed "not to pursue" its claims on Bahrain if its other claims were realized. The following plebiscite saw Bahrainis confirm their Arab identity and independence from Britain. Bahrain to this day remains a member of the Arab League and Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf. The British withdrew from Bahrain on 16 December 1971, making Bahrain an independent emirate.

The oil boom of the 1970s greatly benefited Bahrain, but its downturn hurt. However, the country had already begun to diversify its economy, and had benefited from the Lebanese Civil War that began in the 1970s; Bahrain replaced Beirut as the Middle East's financial hub as Lebanon's large banking sector was driven out of the country by the war. After the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, Bahraini Shī'a fundamentalists in 1981 orchestrated a failed coup attempt under the auspices of a front organization, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain. The coup would have installed a Shī'a cleric exiled in Iran, Hujjatu l-Islām Hādī al-Mudarrisī, as supreme leader heading a theocratic government. In 1994, a wave of rioting by disaffected Shīa Islamists was sparked by women's participation in a sporting event.

During the mid-1990s, the Kingdom was badly affected by sporadic violence between the government and the cleric-led opposition in which over forty people were killed. In March 1999, King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah succeeded his father as head of state and instituted elections for parliament, gave women the right to vote, and released all political prisoners. These moves were described by Amnesty International as representing an "historic period of human rights". The country was declared a kingdom in 2002. It formerly was considered a State and officially called a "Kingdom".

 

Geography

Bahrain is a generally flat and arid archipelago, consisting of a low desert plain rising gently to a low central escarpment, in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia. The highest point is the 134 m (440 ft) Jabal ad Dukhan. Bahrain has a total area of 665 km2 (257 sq mi), which is slightly larger than the Isle of Man, though it is smaller than the nearby King Fahd International Airport near Dammam, Saudi Arabia (780 km2 (301 sq mi)).

 

As an archipelago of thirty-three islands, Bahrain does not share a land boundary with another country but does have a 161 km (100 mi) coastline and claims a further 22 km (12 nmi) of territorial sea and a 44 km (24 nmi) contiguous zone. Bahrain's largest islands are Bahrain Island, Muharraq Island, Umm an Nasan, and Sitrah. Bahrain has mild winters and very hot, humid summers. Bahrain's natural resources include large quantities of oil and natural gas as well as fish stocks. Arable land constitutes only 2.82% of the total area.

Desert constitutes 92% of Bahrain, and periodic droughts and dust storms are the main natural hazards for Bahrainis. Environmental issues facing Bahrain include desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, distribution stations, and illegal land reclamation at places such as Tubli Bay. The agricultural and domestic sectors' over-utilization of the Dammam Aquifer, the principal aquifer in Bahrain, has led to its salinization by adjacent brackish and saline water bodies.

 

Other infos

 

Oficial Name:

مَمْلَكَةُ البَحْرَين

Mamlakat al Bahrayn

 

Independence:

15 August 1971

 

Area:

716km2

 

Inhabitants:

690.000

 

Languages:

Arabic, Baharna Spoken [abv] 300,000 in Bahrain (1995). Population total all countries: 310,000. Also spoken in Oman. Alternate names: Bahraini Shi'ite Arabic, Baharnah, Baharna. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Arabic, Gulf Spoken [afb] 100,000 in Bahrain (1995). Alternate names: Khaliji, Gulf Arabic. Dialects: Bahraini Gulf Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Arabic, Standard [arb] Middle East, North Africa. Alternate names: Modern Literary Arabic, Fasih, High Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Capital city:

Al-Manama

 

Meaning of the country name:

From Arabic. The exact referents of the "two seas" remain a matter of debate. Bahrain lies in a bay formed by the Arabian mainland and the peninsula of Qatar, and some identify the "two seas" as the waters of the bay on either side of the island. Others believe that the name refers to Bahrain's position as an island in the Persian Gulf, separated by "two seas" from the Arabian coast to the south and Iran to the north. Yet another claim suggests that the first sea surrounds Bahrain and the second "sea" metaphorically represents the abundant natural spring waters under the island itself.

 

Description Flag:

The national flag of Bahrain (Arabic: علم البحرين) consists of a white band on the left, separated from a red area on the right by five triangles that serve as a serrated line.

Red is the traditional color for flags of the Persian Gulf states. The white is on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam.

The oldest known flags of Bahrain were simply red. But during the nineteenth century, a white stripe was added to indicate truces made with neighboring countries, and the serrated triangles were added to distinguish the flag of Bahrain from that of its neighbors. The flag originally had eight white points, but this was reduced to five in 2002, so that the points could stand for the Five Pillars of Islam.

 

Coat of arms:

The Coat of Arms of Bahrain (Arabic: شعار البحرين) was designed in the 1930s by the British advisor to the King of Bahrain (then emir). The coat of arms contains the same design as that found on the national flag located on a shield in the center, red and white mantling surrounds the shield. The five white indendentations represent the five pillars of Islam.

 

National Anthem:Bahrainona, نشيد البحرين الوطني

 

Arabic

 

بحريننا

 

مليكنا

رمز الوئام

دستورها عالي المكانة والمقام

ميثاقها نهج الشريعة والعروبة والقيم

عاشت مملكة البحرين

بلد الكرام

مهد السلام

دستورها عالي المكانة والمقام

ميثاقها نهج الشريعة والعروبة والقيم

عاشت مملكة البحرين

 

Original words transliterated

 

Bahrainona,

Maleekuna,

Ramz-ul-wi'am,

Dustooruha 'alil-makanati wal-maqam;

Meethaqoha nahjush-shari'ati wal-uroobati wal-qiyam,

'Ashat mamlakat-ul-bahrain,

Baladol kiram,

Mahdos-salam,

Dustooruha 'alil-makanati wal-maqam;

Meethaqoha nahjush-shari'ati wal-uroobati wal-qiyam,

'Ashat mamlakat-ul-bahrain

 

English translation of the original words

 

Our Bahrain

Our King

A symbol of the harmony

Its constitution is high in the place and the position

Its charter is the way of (method of) sharia, Arabism and the values

Long live the kingdom of Bahrain

Country of nobles

Cradle of peace

Its constitution is high in the place and the position

Its charter is the way of (method of) sharia, Arabism and the values

Long live the kingdom of Bahrain

 

Internet Page:

www.bahraintourism.com

www.bahrain.com

 

Bahrein in diferent languages

 

eng | cat | cym | dan | dsb | eus | fao | fin | glg | glv | hsb | jav | jnf | nor | scn | sme | spa | srd | swa | swe: Bahrain

afr | bre | est | hau | hrv | hun | ina | ita | lim | lin | lld | nld | roh | ron | rup | vor: Bahrein

fry | fur | isl | oci | tet: Barein

csb | pol | slv: Bahrajn

deu | ltz | nds: Bahrein / Bahrein; Bahrain / Bahrain

ces | slk: Bahrejn; Bahrajn

crh | gag: Bahreyn / Бахрейн

ind | msa: Bahrain / بحرين

kin | run: Bahrene

arg: Bahrein; Bajrein

ast: Bahráin

aze: Bəhreyn / Бәһрејн

bam: Barɛyini

bos: Bahrein / Бахреин

cor: Bahreyn

epo: Barejno

fra: Bahreïn

frp: Bahreyin

gla: Bachrain; Bairean; Bairèin; Bahrain

gle: Báiréin / Báiréin

hat: Barayn

haw: Baharaina

ibo: Baren

kaa: Baxreyn / Бахрейн

kmr: Beḧrêyn / Бәһ’рейн / بەحرێین

kur: Baẖreyn / باحرەین

lat: Insula Baharina; Bachrania

lav: Bahreina

lit: Bachreinas; Bahreinas

mlt: Baħrajn; Baħrejn

mol: Bahrein / Бахрейн

nrm: Bahène

por: Barém; Bahrain; Barain; Baraine; Barein; Bareine; Baharem

que: Bahrayn

rmy: Bahrain / बाह्राइन

slo: Bahrain / Бахраин

smg: Bahreins

smo: Pareini

som: Baxrayn; Baxreyn

sqi: Bahraini

ton: Pāleini

tuk: Bahreýn / Бахрейн

tur: Bahreyn; Bahreyin

uzb: Bahrayn / Баҳрайн

vie: Ba-ren

vol: Bahareän

wln: Bareyn

wol: Bahrayin

zza: Behreyn

abq | alt | bul | che | chm | chv | kbd | kir | kjh | kom | krc | mon | oss | rus | tyv | udm | ukr: Бахрейн (Baĥrejn)

bel: Бахрэйн / Bachrejn

bak: Бахрейн / Baĥreyn

kaz: Бахрейн / Baxreyn / باحرەين

kum: Багьрайн (Bahrajn); Бахрейн (Baĥrejn)

mkd: Бахреин (Bahrein)

srp: Бахреин / Bahrein

tat: Бахрейн / Bahrein; Бахрәйн / Bahräin

tgk: Баҳрайн / بحرین / Bahrajn

ara: البحرين (al-Baḥrayn)

fas: بحرین (Baḥrein)

prs: بحرین (Baḥrain)

pus: بحرين (Baḥrayn)

uig: بەھرېيىن / Behréyin / Бахрейн

urd: بحرین (Baḥræn)

div: ބަޙްރޭން (Baḥrēn); ބަޙްރައިން (Baḥra'in)

syr: ܒܚܪܝܢ (Baḥrayn)

heb: בחרין / בחריין (Baḥrayn)

lad: באהריין / Bahrein

yid: באַהרײַן (Bahrayn)

amh: ባህሬን (Bahren)

ell-dhi: Μπαχρέιν (Mpaĥréin)

ell-kat: Μπαχρέϊν (Mpaĥréïn)

hye: Բահրեյն (Bahreyn)

kat: ბაჰრეინი (Bahreini)

hin: बहरैन (Bahræn); बेहरेन (Behren); बहरीन (Bahrīn)

mar: बहरैन (Bahræn)

nep: बहराइन (Bahrāin)

ben: বাহরাইন (Bāhrāin); বাহরেন (Bāhren)

guj: બહરૈન (Bahrain)

pan: ਬਹਰਾਇਨ (Bahrāin)

kan: ಬಹರೈನ್ (Baharain)

mal: ബഹറിന് (Bahaṟin); ബഹ്റൈന് (Bahṟain)

tam: பஹ்ரைன் (Pahraiṉ); பஹ்ரேய்ன் (Pahrēyṉ); பஹ்ரெய்ன் (Pahreyṉ)

tel: బహ్రయిన్ (Bahrayin); బహ్రెయిన్ (Bahreyin)

zho: 巴林 (Bālín)

jpn: バハレーン (Baharēn); バーレーン (Bārēn)

kor: 바레인 (Baraein)

dzo: བཧ་རེན་ (Bah.ren.)

mya: ဘာရိန္း (Bʰaẏeĩ̀)

tha: บาห์เรน (Bā[h]rēn)

khm: បារ៉ែន (Bāræn)

 

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