Dzayer / Algérie / اَلْجَزَائِ / Argélia

Officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. In terms of land area, it is the largest country on the Mediterranean Sea, the second largest on the African continent after Sudan, and the eleventh-largest country in the world.

Algeria is bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, a few kilometers of the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara in the southwest, Morocco in the west and northwest, and the Mediterranean Sea in the north. Its size is almost 2,400,000 km2 with an estimated population of about 35,000,000. The capital of Algeria is Algiers.

Algeria is a member of the United Nations, African Union, OPEC. It also contributed towards the creation of the Maghreb Union.

 

Etymology

The name of the country is derived from the city of Algiers. A possible etymology links the city name to Al-jazā’ir, a truncated form of the city's older name of jazā’ir banī mazghanā, the Arabic for "the islands of Mazghanna", as used by early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

 

In Classical times northern Algeria was known as Numidia, which included parts of modern day western Tunisia and eastern Morocco.

 

History

Algeria had been inhabited since prehistoric times by indigenous peoples of northern Africa, who coalesced eventually into a distinct native population, the Berbers.

After 1000 BC, the Carthaginians began establishing settlements along the coast. The Berbers seized the opportunity offered by the Punic Wars to become independent of Carthage, and Berber kingdoms began to emerge, most notably Numidia.

In 200 BC, however, they were once again taken over, this time by the Roman Republic. When the Western Roman Empire collapsed, Berbers became independent again in many areas, while the Vandals took control over other parts, where they remained until expelled by the generals of the Byzantine Emperor, Justinian I. The Byzantine Empire then retained a precarious grip on the east of the country until the coming of the Arabs in the eighth century.

 

Middle Ages

The two branches, Sanhadja and Zanata, were also divided into tribes, with each Maghreb region made up of several tribes. Several Berber dynasties emerged during the Middle Ages.

 

Arrival of Islam

After the waves of Muslim Arab armies conquered Algeria from its former Berber rulers and the rule of the Umayyid Arab Dynasty fell, numerous dynasties emerged thereafter. Amongst those dynasties are the Almohads, Almoravids, Fatimids of Egypt and Abdelwadids.

 

Having converted the Kutama of Kabylie to its cause, the Shia Fatimids overthrew the Rustamids, and conquered Egypt, leaving Algeria and Tunisia to their Zirid vassals. When the latter rebelled, the Shia Fatimids sent in the Banu Hilal, a populous Arab tribe, to weaken them.

 

Geography

Most of the coastal area is hilly, sometimes even mountainous, and there are a few natural harbours. The area from the coast to the Tell Atlas is fertile. South of the Tell Atlas is a steppe landscape, which ends with the Saharan Atlas; further south, there is the Sahara desert.

 

The Ahaggar Mountains (Arabic: جبال هقار‎), also known as the Hoggar, are a highland region in central Sahara, southern Algeria. They are located about 1,500 km (932 mi) south of the capital, Algiers and just west of Tamanghasset.

 

Algiers, Oran, Constantine, and Annaba are Algeria's main cities.

 

Other Info

 

Nome Oficial:

الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية

Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazā’irīyah

ad-Dīmuqrāţīyah ash-Sha’bīyah

Kabile: Tagduda tamegdayt taɣerfant n Dzayer

 

Estabelecido:

Hammadid dynasty from 1014

- Ottoman rule from 1516

- French rule from 1830

- Independence from France July 5, 1962

 

Superficie:

2.381.741km2

 

Capital: Argel

 

Idiomas e dialectos:

Arabic, Algerian Saharan Spoken [aao] 100,000 in Algeria (1996). Population total all countries: 110,000. Moroccan border along the Atlas Mountains, northeast to Medea (south of Algiers), southeast to the Righ Wadi, south to 28 degrees latitude, as far as Plateau du Tademait, including some in the town of Tamanrasset. Also spoken in Niger. Alternate names: Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic. Dialects: Structurally distinct from other Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Arabic, Algerian Spoken [arq] 20,400,000 in Algeria (1996 Hunter). Population total all countries: 21,097,000. Also spoken in Belgium, France, Germany, Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Alternate names: Algerian. Dialects: Constantine, Algiers, Oran. Eastern Algerian and Tunisian dialects are close, and Western Algerian and Moroccan dialects are close. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Arabic, Standard [arb] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

 

Chenoua [cnu] 4,764 (2000 WCD). Towns are Cherchell, Hamadia, Gouraya, Damous, Oued Damous, Larhat, Marceau, Sidi Amar, Nador, Tipaza, Sidi Mousa, Ain Tagourirt. Dialects: Lexical similarity 77% with Tachawit, 76% with Kabyle. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern

 

French [fra] 110,600 in Algeria (1993). Known more in the cities. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

 

Kabyle [kab] 2,537,000 in Algeria (1995). Estimates by some sources are up to 6,000,000 in Algeria (1998). 49,000 in Belgium. Population total all countries: 3,123,000. Grande Kabylie Mt. range, western Kabylia. Also spoken in Belgium, France. Alternate names: Tamazight. Dialects: Greater Kabyle, Lesser Kabyle. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Kabyle

 

Korandje [kcy] Tabelbala oasis. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai

 

Tachawit [shy] 1,400,000 (1993). South and southeast of Grand Kabylie in the Aurès Mountains. Alternate names: Chaouia, Chawi, Shawiya, Shawia, Tacawit. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Shawiya

 

Tachelhit [shi] Southern Algeria near the Moroccan border around Tabelbala. Alternate names: Tashelhit, Tashelhait, Tashelhayt, Tasoussit, Shilha, Southern Shilha, Tachilhit. Dialects: Susiua (Sus, Sousse). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern berber

 

Tagargrent [oua] 5,000 (1995). South of Constantine, near Mzab. Ouargla and Ngouça are the main centers. Alternate names: Ouargla, Ouargli, Wargla. Dialects: Ouedghir (Wadi), Temacin, Tariyit. Related to Tumzabt, Temacine Tamazight, and Taznatit. Testing showed only moderate comprehension of Tumzabt. Tariyit is a possible dialect spoken by the Haratine (former slaves of the Ouargli people). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Mzab-Wargla

 

Tamahaq, Tahaggart [thv] 25,000 in Algeria (1987). Population includes 20,000 Hoggar, 5,000 Ghat. Population total all countries: 62,000. Hoggar dialect in south Hoggar (Ajjer) Mountain area around Tamanghasset and south to the Niger border. The Ghat dialect is in southeast Algeria around Ganet and west. Also spoken in Libya, Niger. Alternate names: Tamachek, Tamashekin, Tomachek, Tuareg, Touareg, Tourage. Dialects: Hoggar (Ahaggaren, Ajjer, Tahaggart), Ghat (Ganet, Djanet). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Northern

 

Tamazight, Central Atlas [tzm] Western Algeria mountain area of Atlas and adjacent valleys to Taza, in the vicinity of Rabat, south near the Moroccan border. Alternate names: Middle Atlas Berber, Central Shilha. Dialects: South Oran. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Atlas

 

Tamazight, Temacine [tjo] 6,000 (1995). Vicinity of Temacine, Tamelhat, Ghomra, and Meggarin. Alternate names: Tougourt, Touggourt, Tugurt. Dialects: Related to Tumzabt, Tagargrent, and Taznatit. Possibly a dialect of Tagargrent, but not likely. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Mzab-Wargla

 

Tamazight, Tidikelt [tia] 9,000 (1995). Tidikelt, in the vicinity of Salah, and Tit in southern Algeria. Dialects: Tidikelt, Tit. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Tidikelt

 

Tarifit [rif] Along the coast, eastern Alteria to Arzeu. Alternate names: Tirifie, Riff, Rifi, Ruafa, Fifia, Rif, Northern Shilha, Shilha. Dialects: Arzeu, Igzennaian, Iznacen (Beni Iznassen). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Riff

 

Taznatit [grr] 40,000 (1995). Isolated, around Timimoun, near the Touat Region and around 400 miles southwest of the Mzab. Dialects: Gourara (Gurara), Touat (Tuat, Tuwat). Related to Tumzabt, Tagargrent, Temacine Tamazight, but not as close as they are to each other. Low intelligibility of other Tamazight speech forms, including Tumzabt and Tagargrent. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Mzab-Wargla

 

Tumzabt [mzb] 70,000 (1995). Mzab Region 330 miles south of Algiers. 7 oases, Ghardaia being the principal one. Alternate names: Mzab, Mzabi, Ghardaia. Dialects: Only minor dialect variations. Related to Tagargrent, Temacine Tamazight, and Taznatit. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Northern, Zenati, Mzab-Wargla

 

Meaning of the country name:

The name Algeria is derived from the name of the city of Algiers (French Alger), from the Arabic word "الجزائر" (al-jazā’ir), which translates as the islands, referring to the four islands which lay off that city's coast until becoming part of the mainland in 1525; al-jazā’ir is itself short for the older name jazā’ir banī mazghannā, "the islands of (the tribe) Bani Mazghanna", used by early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

 

Description flag:

The national flag of Algeria (Arabic: علم الجزائر) consists of two equal vertical stripes, green and white, and in the centre bears a red star and crescent.

The flag came into order on July 3, 1962. A similar version existed during the exiled government of Algeria from 1958 to 1962.

The flag's design is inspired from the standard of Emir Abdel Kadir in the 19th century which consisted of two equal vertical bands, green and white, as well as being inspired from the flag of the Algerian Regency from the 16th to the 19th century, which consisted of a white crescent and star on a red background (the same as the modern flag of Turkey; the Algerian Regency was an autonomous member state of the Ottoman Empire).

The white colour is for peace, while the green is for Islam and the red is for the blood of the martyrs of the Algerian war of independence (1954 to 1962).

 

Coat of arms:

The Emblem of Algeria is the seal used by the government, and it is similar to the coat of arms of other nations. The current form of the emblem was adopted in 1976, but was only differentiated from previous one by the changing of the motto from French to Arabic. Contained on the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the Flag of Algeria, and is a symbol of Islam. The text that rings the emblem says in Arabic: Al Jumhūrīyah al Jazā'irīyah ad Dīmuqrāţīyah ash Sha'bīyah (in English: The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, the country's official name).

Within the actual emblem, the hand of Fatima is featured right below the rising sun. The hand of Fatima is a traditional symbol of the region, the rising sun representing a new era. The rest of the symbols relate to agriculture and industry with the plants around the mountains and buildings standing for agriculture. The buildings standing for industry. The mountains representing the Atlas Mountains.

 

Motto:

"From the people and for the people"

 

National Anthem: Kassaman, نشيد وطني جزائري

 

1

قسما بالنازلات الماحقات

والدماء الزاكيات الطاهرات

والبنود اللامعات الخافقات

في الجبال الشامخات الشاهقات

نحن ثرنا فحياة أو ممات

وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر

فاشهدو... فاشهدو... فاشهدو...

2

نحن جند في سبيل الحق ثرنا

وإلى استقلالنا بالحرب قمنا

لم يكن يصغى لنا لما نطقنا

فاتخذنا رنة البارود وزنا

وعزفنا نغمة الرشاش لحنا

وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر

فاشهدو... فاشهدو... فاشهدو...

3

يا فرنسا قد مضى وقت العتاب

وطويناه كما يطوى الكتاب

يا فرنسا إن ذا يوم الحساب

فاستعدي وخذي منا الجواب

إن في ثورتنا فصل الخطاب

وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر

فاشهدو... فاشهدو... فاشهدو...

4

نحن من أبطالنا ندفع جندا

وعلى أشلائنا نبعث مجدا

وعلى أرواحنا نصعد خلدا

وعلى هاماتنا نرفع بندا

جبهة التحرير أعطيناك عهدا

وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر

فاشهدو... فاشهدو... فاشهدو...

5

صرخة الأوطان من ساح الفداء

فاسمعوها واستجيبوا للنداء

واكتبوها بدماء الشهداء

واقرأوها لبني الجيل غدا

قد مددنا لك يا مجد يدا

وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر

فاشهدو... فاشهدو... فاشهدو...

 

Transliteration

 

Qassaman Binnazilat Ilmahiqat

Waddimaa Izzakiyat Ittahirat

Walbonood Illamiaat Ilkhafiqat

F'Iljibal Ishshamikhat Ishshahiqat

Nahno Thurna Fahayaton Aw ma maaat

Wa Aqadna Alazma An Tahya Aljazair

Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

 

Nahno Jondon Fi Sabil Il hakki Thorna

Wa Ila Isstiqlalina Bilharbi Kumna.

Lam Yakon Yossgha Lana Lamma Natakna

Fattakhathna Rannat Albaroodi Wazna.

Wa Azafna Naghamat Alrashshashi Lahna

Wa Aqadna Alazmat An Tahya Aljazair.

Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

 

Nahno min Abtalina Nadfaoo Jonda

Wa Ala Ashlaina Nassnaoo Magda.

Wa Ala Hamatina Narfao Bandaa.

Gabhato' Ltahreeri Aataynaki Ahda

Wa Aqadna Alazma An Tahya Aljazair.

Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

 

Sarkhato 'lawtani min Sah Ilfida

Issmaooha Wasstageebo Linnida

Waktobooha Bidimaa Ilshohadaa

Wakraooha Libany Iljeeli ghada.

Kad Madadna Laka Ya Majdo Yada

Wa Aqadna Alazma An Tahya Aljazair.

Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo! Fashhadoo!

 

English

 

We swear by the lightning that destroys,

By the streams of generous blood being shed,

By the bright flags that wave,

Flying proudly on the high mountains,

That we have risen up, and whether we live or die,

We are resolved that Algeria shall live -

So be our witness -be our witness - be our witness!

 

We are soldiers in revolt for truth

And we have fought for our independence.

When we spoke, none listened to us,

So we have taken the noise of gunpowder as our rhythm

And the sound of machine guns as our melody,

We are resolved that Algeria shall live -

So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!

 

From our heroes we shall make an army come to being,

From our dead we shall build up a glory,

Our spirits shall ascend to immortality

And on our shoulders we shall raise the standard.

To the nation's Liberation Front we have sworn an oath,

We are resolved that Algeria shall live -

So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!

 

The cry of the Fatherland sounds from the battlefields.

Listen to it and answer the call!

Let it be written with the blood of martyrs

And be read to future generations.

Oh, Glory, we have held out our hand to you,

We are resolved that Algeria shall live -

So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!

 

Internet Page: www.el-mouradia.dz

www.algeria.com

www.apn-dz.org/apn/english/index.htm

 

Algerie in diferent Languages

 

eng | cos | cym | fao | fin | ina | ita | lld | nor | roh | ron | sme | srd | swa: Algeria

deu | ltz | nds: Algerien / Algerien

bre | eus | lin: Aljeria

fra | jnf | nrm: Algérie

ces | slk: Alžírsko

cor | hat: Aljeri

dan | swe: Algeriet

dsb | hsb: Algeriska

fry | nld: Algerije

ind | msa: Aljazair / الجزائر; Algeria / الڬيريا

kin | run: Algeriya

tur | zza: Cezayir

afr: Algerië

arg: Alcheria; Archelia

ast: Arxelia

aze: Əlcəzair / Әлҹәзаир

bam: Alizeri

bos: Alžir / Алжир

cat: Algèria

crh: Cezair / Джезаир

csb: Algerskô

epo: Alĝerio

est: Alžeeria

frp: Alg•èrie

fur: Algjerie

gla: Aildiria; An Ailgear

gle: An Ailgéir / An Ailgéir

glg: Alxeria

glv: Yn Algear

hau: Aljeriya

haw: ʻAlekelia

hrv: Alžir

hun: Algéria

ibo: Aljiria

isl: Alsír

jav: Aljazair; Algeria

kaa: Aljir / Алжир

kab: Dzayer / ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ

kmr: Alcizaîr / Алщьзаир / ئالجزائیر; Aljîr / Алжир / ئالژیر; Cizîre / Щьзирә / جزیره; Cizîr / Щьзир / جزیر

kur: Cezayir / جەزایر; Cezayîr / جەزاییر

lat: Algeria; Algerium

lav: Alžīrija

lim: Algerieë

lit: Alžyras

mlg: Alzeria; Aljeria

mlt: Alġerija

mol: Algeria / Алӂерия

oci: Argeria

pol: Algieria

por: Argélia

que: Alhirya

rmy: Aljeriya / आल्जेरिया

rup: Algheria

scn: Algirìa

slo: Alzxeria / Алжериа

slv: Alžirija

smg: Alžīrs

smo: Aleteria

som: Aljeeriya; Jasaa’ir

spa: Argelia

sqi: Algjeria

szl: Algerja

tet: Arjélia

tgl: Alherya; Arhelya

ton: ʻAsilia

tuk: Jezaýyr / Җезайыр; Aljir / Алжир

uzb: Jazoir / Жазоир; Aljir / Алжир

vie: An-giê-ri

vol: Laljerän

vor: Alžeeriä

wln: Aldjereye

wol: Alseeri

zul: iAlijeriya

alt | bul | che | chm | chv | kjh | kom | krc | kum | mkd | oss | rus | tyv | udm: Алжир (Alžir)

kir | mon: Алжир (Alǧir)

abq: Алжир (Ałžir)

ava: Жазаир (Žazair); Алжир (Alžir)

bak: Алжир / Aljir

bel: Алжыр / Ałžyr; Альжыр / Alžyr

kaz: Алжир / Aljïr / الجير; Жезаир / Jezaïr / جەزاير

kbd: Джэзыл (Džăzəl); Алжир (Alžir)

srp: Алжир / Alžir

tat: Җәзәир / Cäzäir; Алжир / Aljir

tgk: Алҷазоир / الجزائر / Alçazoir

ukr: Алжир (Alžyr)

ara: الجزائر (al-Ǧazāʾir)

fas: الجزایر (al-Jazāyer)

prs: الجیریا (Aljīriyā); الجیریه (Aljīrīyâ)

pus: الجيريا (Aljīriyā); الجيريه (Aljīriyâ); الجزائر (al-Jazāʾir); الجزاير (al-Jazāyir)

uig: ئالجىرىيە / Aljiriye / Алҗирия

urd: الجزائر (al-Jazāʾir); الجیریا (Aljīriyā / Aljeriyā)

div: އަލްޖީރިއާ (Aljīri'ā)

heb: אלג׳יריה (Aljîryah)

lad: ארג'יליה / Ardjelia

yid: אַלזשיר (Alžir)

tzm: ⵍⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ / Ldzayer

amh: አልጄሪያ (Ăljeriya); አልጄርያ (Ăljerya)

ell-dhi: Αλγερία (Algería)

ell-kat: Ἀλγερία (Algería)

hye: Ալժիր (Alžir)

kat: ალჟირი (Alžiri)

hin: अल्जीरिया / अलजीरिया (Aljīriyā); अल्जेरिया (Aljeriyā); एलजीरिया (Eljīriyā)

ben: আলজেরিয়া (Āljeriyā); এলজিরিয়া (Eljiriyā)

pan: ਅਲਜੀਰੀਆ (Aljīrīā)

kan: ಅಲ್ಜೀರಿಯ (Aljīriya)

mal: അല്ജീറിയ (Aljīṟiya); അല്ജീരിയ (Aljīriya)

tam: அல்ஜீரியா (Aljīriyā)

tel: అల్జీరియా (Aljīriyā)

zho: 阿爾及利亞/阿尔及利亚 (Ā'ěrjílìyà)

yue: 阿爾及利亞/阿尔及利亚 (Àgèileiha)

jpn: アルジェリア (Arujeria)

kor: 알제리 (Aljeri)

bod: ཨར་གེ་རི་ཡ་ (Ar.ge.ri.ya.); ཨར་གི་རི་ཡ་ (Ar.gi.ri.ya.)

mya: အယ္ဂ္ယီးရီးယား (Ɛjìẏìyà)

tha: แอลจีเรีย (Ǣnčīriya)

lao: ອານເຍຣີ (Ānñēlī)

khm: អាល់ហ្សេរី (Alhserī)

 

Done