Lafayette in the uniform of a major general of the Continental Army, painted by Charles Willson Peale
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette[a] (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiːˈɛt, ˌlæf-/,[2] French: [lafajɛt]), was a French aristocrat, freemason, and military officer who volunteered to join the Continental Army, led by General George Washington, in the American Revolutionary War. Lafayette was ultimately permitted to command Continental Army troops in the decisive siege of Yorktown in 1781, the Revolutionary War's final major battle that secured American independence. After returning to France, Lafayette became a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830 and continues to be celebrated as a hero in both France and the United States.
Gilbert du Motier
Marquis de Lafayette 2.jpg
Lafayette in the uniform of a major general of the Continental Army, painted by Charles Willson Peale
Personal details
Born
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette
6 September 1757
Château de Chavaniac, Auvergne Province, Kingdom of France
Died
20 May 1834 (aged 76)
Paris, Kingdom of France
Resting place
Picpus Cemetery in Paris
Political party
Liberals (1815–1824)
Doctrinaires (1824–1834)
Spouse
Adrienne de Noailles
(m. 1774; died 1807)
Children
4, including Georges Washington
Awards
Order of Saint Louis
Signature
Nickname
The Hero of the Two Worlds (Le Héros des Deux Mondes)[1]
Military service
Allegiance
Kingdom of France (1771–1777, 1781–1791, 1814/15–1830)
United States (1777–1781)
Kingdom of France (1791–1792)
French First Republic (1792)
Kingdom of France (1830)
Branch/service
French Army
Continental Army
National Guard (France)
Years of service
1771–1792
1830
Rank
Major general (U.S.)
Lieutenant Général (France)
Battles/wars
American Revolutionary War
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Gloucester
Valley Forge
Battle of Barren Hill
Battle of Rhode Island
Battle of Monmouth
Battle of Green Spring
Siege of Yorktown
French Revolution
The March on Versailles
Day of Daggers
Champ de Mars massacre
War of the First Coalition
July Revolution
Lafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American revolutionary cause was noble, and he traveled to the New World seeking glory in it. He was made a major general at age 19, but he was initially not given American troops to command. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine but still managed to organize an orderly retreat, and he served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he sailed for home to lobby for an increase in French support. He returned to America in 1780 and was given senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops under his command in Virginia blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive siege of Yorktown.
Lafayette returned to France and was appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1787, convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. After the National Constituent Assembly was formed, he helped to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen with Thomas Jefferson's assistance. This document was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence, which was authored primarily by Jefferson, and invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the democratic nation-state. He also advocated the end of slavery, in keeping with the philosophy of natural rights. After the storming of the Bastille, he was appointed commander-in-chief of France's National Guard and tried to steer a middle course through the years of revolution. In August 1792, radical factions ordered his arrest, and he fled to the Austrian Netherlands. He was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.
Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position which he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited him to the United States as the nation's guest, where he visited all 24 states in the union and met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he declined an offer to become the French dictator. Instead, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against him when the monarch became autocratic. He died on 20 May 1834 and is buried in Picpus Cemetery in Paris, under soil from Bunker Hill. He is sometimes known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds" for his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States.
Lafayette in the uniform of a major general of the Continental Army, painted by Charles Willson Peale
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette[a] (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiːˈɛt, ˌlæf-/,[2] French: [lafajɛt]), was a French aristocrat, freemason, and military officer who volunteered to join the Continental Army, led by General George Washington, in the American Revolutionary War. Lafayette was ultimately permitted to command Continental Army troops in the decisive siege of Yorktown in 1781, the Revolutionary War's final major battle that secured American independence. After returning to France, Lafayette became a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830 and continues to be celebrated as a hero in both France and the United States.
Gilbert du Motier
Marquis de Lafayette 2.jpg
Lafayette in the uniform of a major general of the Continental Army, painted by Charles Willson Peale
Personal details
Born
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette
6 September 1757
Château de Chavaniac, Auvergne Province, Kingdom of France
Died
20 May 1834 (aged 76)
Paris, Kingdom of France
Resting place
Picpus Cemetery in Paris
Political party
Liberals (1815–1824)
Doctrinaires (1824–1834)
Spouse
Adrienne de Noailles
(m. 1774; died 1807)
Children
4, including Georges Washington
Awards
Order of Saint Louis
Signature
Nickname
The Hero of the Two Worlds (Le Héros des Deux Mondes)[1]
Military service
Allegiance
Kingdom of France (1771–1777, 1781–1791, 1814/15–1830)
United States (1777–1781)
Kingdom of France (1791–1792)
French First Republic (1792)
Kingdom of France (1830)
Branch/service
French Army
Continental Army
National Guard (France)
Years of service
1771–1792
1830
Rank
Major general (U.S.)
Lieutenant Général (France)
Battles/wars
American Revolutionary War
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Gloucester
Valley Forge
Battle of Barren Hill
Battle of Rhode Island
Battle of Monmouth
Battle of Green Spring
Siege of Yorktown
French Revolution
The March on Versailles
Day of Daggers
Champ de Mars massacre
War of the First Coalition
July Revolution
Lafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American revolutionary cause was noble, and he traveled to the New World seeking glory in it. He was made a major general at age 19, but he was initially not given American troops to command. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine but still managed to organize an orderly retreat, and he served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he sailed for home to lobby for an increase in French support. He returned to America in 1780 and was given senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops under his command in Virginia blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive siege of Yorktown.
Lafayette returned to France and was appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1787, convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. After the National Constituent Assembly was formed, he helped to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen with Thomas Jefferson's assistance. This document was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence, which was authored primarily by Jefferson, and invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the democratic nation-state. He also advocated the end of slavery, in keeping with the philosophy of natural rights. After the storming of the Bastille, he was appointed commander-in-chief of France's National Guard and tried to steer a middle course through the years of revolution. In August 1792, radical factions ordered his arrest, and he fled to the Austrian Netherlands. He was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.
Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position which he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited him to the United States as the nation's guest, where he visited all 24 states in the union and met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he declined an offer to become the French dictator. Instead, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against him when the monarch became autocratic. He died on 20 May 1834 and is buried in Picpus Cemetery in Paris, under soil from Bunker Hill. He is sometimes known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds" for his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States.