Hazarat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh

Hazarat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari, ukhari's original name was Jalaluddin, kunya Abu Ahmed (ابواحمد), while Mir Surkh, Sharrif ullah, Mir Buzurg, Makhdum-ul-Azam, Jalal Akbar, Azim ulllah, Sher Shah, Jalal Azam and Surkh-Posh Bukhari were his titles. He was also known as Jalal Ganj. He was formally called Sayyid Jalaluddin Mir Surkh Bukhari as well as Shah Mir Surkh-Posh of Bukhara, Pir Jalaluddin Qutub-al-Aqtab, Sayyid Jalal or Sher Shah Sayyid Jalal.

 

 

Life:

 

 

He was born on Friday, 5th Dhu al-Hijjah 595 AH (Hijri) in Bukhara, present-day Uzbekistan. He was the son of Syed Ali Al-Moeed and grandson of Syed Ja’far Muhammed Hussain. He got his early education in Bukhara under the supervision and guidance of his father. He completed his education in his seventh year and is known to have performed several miracles even in childhood. 1,500 learned men had accepted him as their spiritual leader before he had actually reached manhood.

He spent his whole life in traveling and several tribes, such as the Soomro, Samma, Chadhar, Sial, Daher, and Warar and others adopted Islam owing to his efforts.

His first marriage was with daughter of Syed Qasim in Bukhara, who bore Syed Ali and Syed Ja’far he had a total 22 sons. After the death of his first wife, Syeda Fatima in Bukhara, he along with his two sons migrated at the age of forty years from Bukhara to Bhakkar, Punjab in 635 AH (Hijri). However, as per the book "Mukhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht" written by Muhammad Ayub Qadri, both the brothers went back to Bukhara after some time. In Bhakkar, he married daughter of Sayyid Badruddin Bhakkari, Sayyida Sharifa BibiTáhirih, with her he had two sons Sayyid Sadaruddin Mohammed Ghaus and Sayyid Bahauddin Mohamed Masoom (their descendants are settled in and around Thatta, Uch and Lahore). One daughter of Sayyid Sadaruddin Mohammed Ghaus was married to Jahaniyan Jahangasht. Later after the death of his second wife he married another daughter of Sayyid Badruddin Bhakkari Sayyida Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda. She bore him his youngest son Syed Ahmed Kabir (father of Jahaniyan Jahangasht).

Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari died at the age of 95 years on 19th Jumada al-awwal 690 AH (Hijri) (20 May 1291 CE) in Uch Sharif, Punjab.

 

 

Career:

 

 

Bukhari's history and pedigree are given in extend in such works as the Mazher-i-Jalali, the Akber-ul-Akhyar, the Rauzat-ul-Ahbab, Maraij-ul-Walayat, Manaqabi Qutbi, the Siyar-ul-Aqtar, the Siyar-ul-Arifeen, the Manaqib-ul-Asifya etc. These books only exist in manuscript and are generally found in the possession of Bukhari Sayyids. Sayyid Jalal's life is given in brief below:

He also met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol, and endeavoured to convert him to Islam, but Chengiz Khan ordered him to be burnt alive. The fire however turned into a bush of roses and on seeing this miracle Chengiz Khan became inclined to be more sympathetic towards Islam and Muslims. Chengiz offered to give his daughter in marriage to Hazrat Jalaludin. He at first refused to take Chengiz's daughter as his wife but then he heard a divine voice say that his descendants would spread far and wide and were destined to be Qutubs "saints" of the world, he consented to the marriage. This proved to be true as his descendants are quite numerous, and many Sayyid families in the Punjab, Sindh, the United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh), Kachchh and Hyderabad Deccan, claim descent from him, and trace their origins to Uchch Sharrif. His two male issues from his second wife, Fatima, the daughter of Sayyid Qasim Hussein Bukhari, Sayyid Ali and Sayyid Jaffar, are buried in tombs at Bukhara. He brought his son Sayyid Baha-ul-Halim with him to Sindh and he settled in Uchch in 1244 CE.

Sayyid Jalaluddin afterwards married Zohra, the daughter of Sayyid Badar-u-Din Bhakkari, of whom was born Sayyid Mohammad Ghaus. On Zohra's death he married the second daughter of Sayyid Badar-u-Din Bhakkari, who give birth to Sayyid Ahmed Kabir, the father of Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht and Makhdoom Sadruddin. Firuz Shah Tughlaq sent the Son of Makhdoom Sadruddin,Syed Hassamuddin Hassan Bukhari to Kara-Manikpur and he is buried in Parsaki or Parsakhi,The Kokhraj(Koh-e-Kharaj)OR Koh-e-Inam in the district of Allahabad (near Kara-Manikpur) and his descendents are presently found in pargana Chail of Allahabad and are known as Naqvi ul-Bukhari Sada'at of Chail ) total he had 22 sons. In 642 AH (Hijri) when Nasiruddin Mahmud, son of Shams-u-Din Altamash, was Sultan (ruler) of the kingdom of Delhi, Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari reached Uch, which was then called Deogarh, and its people began through him, to embrace Islam. The Raja Deo Singh, its ruler, was greatly incensed at this, and spared no effort to cause him trouble, but being overawed by the Sayyid's miracles he fled to Marwar. Innumerable miracles are attributed to him. The reverence which he enjoyed may be judged from the fact that rulers used to wait upon him at Uch, for example in 642 AH (Hijri). Nasiruddin Mahmud, the eldest son of Shams-ud-din Altamash, paid him visit at Uch.

He died in 690 AH (Hijri) in the reign of Ghayas-u-Din Balban, and was buried at Sonak Bela 3 miles of Uch, but the river Ghaggar reaching quite close to his grave; his descendants removed his remains to Uch and buried them at the place where the shirne Hazrat Sadar-u-Din Rajan Qattal is now situated. Again in 1027 AH (Hijri) the then Sajjada Nashin Makhdoom Hamid son of Muhammad Nassir-u-Din, removed the remains, buried them in the present spot and erected a building over them. In 1261 AH, Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan III made some additions to it and built a tank and well, called the khan sir, in compound of the shrine. In 1300 AH, Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan IV had it repaired and made some additions. Both Hindus and Muslims in and outside the state have a firm faith in this Khanqah and all kinds of vows are made there.

 

 

Mission:

 

 

He spread Islam to Sindh and Southern Punjab and is responsible for conversion of Samma tribes among others to Islam. He also laid the foundations of a religious school in Uch (also spelled Uchch). He moved back to Bukhara once and later returned to finally settle in Uchch in 1244 CE.

He was founder of the "Jalali " Section of the "Suhrawardiyya" Sufi Order, "Jalali" being named after him. Some of his successors in the line went to Gujerat and became very famous there. This includes Jalaluddin bin Ahmad Kabir, popularly known as Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1384 CE), who made thirty-six visits to Mecca; Abu Muhammad Abdullah, popularly known as Burhanuddin Qutb-e-Alam (d. 1453 CE) and Sayyed Muhammad Shah Alam (d. 1475 CE).

It is narrated that Makhdoom Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari had urged Genghis Khan to spare the innocent people and embrace Islam. Enraged by this bold act of Jalaluddin, Genghis Khan ordered that he might be thrown in fire. But to the utter surprise of Genghis Khan and his courtiers the fire did not hurt Jalaluddin Bukhari.

The great pioneers of the 13th century Sufi movement in South Asia were four friends known as "Chaar Yaar":

Baba Farid Shakar Ganj of Pakpattan [1174-1266 CE)

Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari of Uchch [c. 1199-1291 CE)

Baha-ud-din Zakariya of Multan [1170-1267 CE) and

Lal Shahbaz Qalandar of Sehwan {1177–1274 CE)

It is said that 17 leading tribes of Punjab accepted Islam at the hands of Baba Farid. Some of these tribes were Kharal, Dhudhyan, Tobian and also Wattu, a Rajput tribe. Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari converted the Samma tribes of Sindh as stated earlier, the Sial, Chadhar, Daher and Warar tribes of Southern Punjab and Sindh, and several other tribes while Shahbaz Qalandar had a great following in Multan and Northern Sindh.

Present city of Jhang is also said to have been founded by Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (in 1134 CE according to some sources). Its first inhabitants were Sials who were followers ( mureed) of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari . It was then destroyed by the river and re-founded during the reign of Aurangzeb by his descendant Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukrari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna who asked his (mureed) followers to settle again in that area.

He is also reported to have met Makhdum Shah Daulah, a saint buried in Bengal, at Bukhara where he presented Makhdum Shah Daulah with a pair of gray pigeon (Common Indian gray pigeon) as a token of good wishes. From Bukhara the Makhdum Shah Daulah party proceeded towards Bengal and settled at Shahzadpur, a locality under the jurisdiction of a Hindu king whose kingdom extended up to Bihar. The king ordered for the expulsion of Makhdum Shah Daulah and his companions. Consequently there ensued a severe fight between the two parties in which Makhdum Shah Daulah with all his followers, except Khwaja Nur, embraced martyrdom and is buried beside the old Shahi mosque at Shahzadpur.

Mai Heer of the Sial tribe and of the "Heer Ranjha" fame was daughter of Choochak Sial who was disciple of Hazrat Syed Ahmed Kabir, son of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari.

 

 

Family:

 

 

Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari was Naqvi Sayyid. "Syed" or "Sayyid" is an honorific title that is given to males accepted as descendants of Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, who were the sons of his daughter Fatimah and son-in-law and Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Whereas Naqvi is a family name used by the "Syed" or "Sayyid" who are through the lineage of Ali al-Hadi (Arabic: الإمام علي الهادي).

His family was one of the most revered and prominent Muslim families during the rule of the Turkish dynasties in India including the Tughlaq and Mamluk dynasties of Delhi. His descendants are called Naqvi al-Bukhari. The part of Uchch where this family settled is called "Uchch Bukharian" to this day.Some of his family members migrated to Biloot Sharif and the Tribal Areas of Kurram, Orakzai Agency and Kohat District. The well known spiritual head of the Bukhari's Syed in Kurram Agency was Syed Pahlawan Shah who was the son of Syed Hussain Ali Shah popularly know in the spiritual circles as Fakir ul Fukara. While in Orakzai Agency Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari was presented by Syed Pahlwan Shah's elder brother Syed Gul Badshah who was both a worldly and spiritual head of his followers. Syed Pahlawan Shah was against the British rule in the Sub-Continent and his consistent resistance towards English Lords made him an alarmingly acclaimed figure for the British Political Agents in Kurram Agency . He and his followers proved as a lead wall against the tyrannic rules and laws of the British in the Tribal Areas of Kurram and Orakzai Agencies . His self evident miracles made him a legendary figure among his followers in both of the Tribal Areas. There are magnificent tombs of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari descendants and disciples all across Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These include Hazrat Jahaniyan Jahangasht, Hazrat Rajan Qittal; Hazart Shah Esa Qital (Biloot), Bibi Jawindi (c. 1492 CE, she is great grandauther of Hazrat Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari ), Hazrat Mir Mohammad Masoom (Forefather of Jam Bokhari Naqvi family) and Channan Pir among others. Tomb of Bibi Jawindi and tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari are on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage site since 2004, they are also listed in the 1998 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and again listed in 2000 and 2002. Many of his disciples are buried in Bhambore and Makli near Thatta.

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