Budapest.- La Gran Sinagoga / Dohány Street Synagogue / Dohány utcai
de/from Wikipedia
--------------------------
La Gran Sinagoga de Budapest, conocida también como la Sinagoga de la Calle Dohány es la mayor sinagoga en Eurasia y la segunda más grande del mundo, después de la Congregación Emanu-El de Nueva York.
Se levanta en el distrito de Erzsébetváros en Budapest.
La casa natal de Theodor Herzl se alzaba al lado de esta sinagoga. En su lugar se levanta el Museo Judío que
aloja la Colección Judaica Histórica y Religiosa; se levantó en 1930 en un estilo arquitectónico acorde con el de la sinagoga, en 1931 se anexó al edificio principal.
La calle Dohány tiene fuertes connotaciones relativas al Holocausto, puesto que constituía el límite del
gueto de Budapest.
Construida entre 1854-1859 por la comunidad neológica de Pest según los planos de Ludwig Förster, la
monumental sinagoga tiene capacidad para 2,964 asientos (1,492 para hombres y 1,472 en las galerías
femeninas) convirtiéndola en la más grande de Europa y la segunda del mundo.
La consagración de la sinagoga se realizó el 6 de Septiembre de 1859.
El edificio tiene una longitud de más de 53 metros y 26,5 metros de ancho. Es de estilo arábe pero su diseño
muestra una mezcla de estilos bizantino, romanico y gótico. Cuenta con dos cúpulas situadas cada una sobre
las dos torres octogonales de 43 metros de altura, además de una vidriera en forma de rosetón situada sobre la entrada principal
Museo Judío[editar]
El Museo Judío está construido sobre la parcela en la que se encontraba la casa de dos pisos de estilo lasicista donde nació Theodor Herzl, situada de forma adyacente a la Gran sinagoga.7 El museo, construido entre 1930-1931 contiene una colección de reliquias religiosas, propiedad de la Pest Hevrah Kaddishah (Sociedad de enterramientos judíos); objetos rituales usados durante el Shabbat y salas dedicadas a las grandes fiestas judías y al Holocausto.
Templo de los Héroes[editar]
La galería y Templo de los Héroes, con capacidad para 250 personas, es usada para los servicios religiosos
los fines de semana y durante el invierno. Fue diseñado por Lázlo Vágó y Ferenc Faragó, y se añadió al complejo de la Gran Sinagoga en 1931.Es utilizado como Memorial de todos aquellos judíos húngaros que
perdieron la vida durante la Primera Guerra Mundial.
Cementerio Judío[editar]
El cementerio se localiza en el jardín trasero del Templo de los Héroes, entre el Museo Judío y la Gran Sinagoga. De acuerdo con las tradiciones judías, los cementerios no pueden estar en las instalaciones de las sinagogas, pero debido a que la sinagoga era parte del gueto judio, el complejo tuvo que dar refugio a parte de la comunidad judía que no tenía hogar en el interior del gueto, esto implicó que durante la hambruna de invierno de 1944-1945, que junto con el frío extremo asoló el gueto, más de 2000 personas tuvieran que ser enterradas en las instalaciones de la sinagoga, pese a que esto va contra las tradiciones del pueblo judío.
Memorial a los mártires judíos húngaros
Parque memorial del Holocausto Raoul Wallenberg
El Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (parque memorial), en el patio trasero, contiene el Memorial a los mártires judíos húngaros — al menos 400.000 judíos húngaros fueron asesinados por los nazis.8 Construido por Imre Varga, se asemeja a un sauce llorón cuyas hojas llevan inscripciones con los nombres de las víctimas. Hay
además un memorial dedicado a Wallenberg y otros Justos entre las Naciones, entre ellos: el vice-cónsul suizo Carl Lutz; Giorgio Perlasca, un italiano que se hizo pasar por cónsul español, y continuando la obra de Ángel
Sanz Briz, entregó pasaportes españoles a los judíos, haciéndolos pasar por sefardíes, aunque su origen fuera
de otro tipo, consiguió salvar a 5.000 judíos de Budapest; Monseñor Angelo Rotta, un obispo italiano y Nuncio
Apostólico del Vaticano en Budapest, que emitió Documentos que alegaban que estaban bautizados, para así salvarles de los trabajos forzados, así como Pasaportes vaticanos junto con su secretario Monseñor Gennaro Verolino durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, misiones que consiguieron salvar a más de 15.000 judíos húngaros.
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The Dohány Street Synagogue also known as The Great Synagogue or Tabakgasse Synagogue, is a historical
building in Erzsébetváros, the 7th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is the largest synagogue in Europe and one of the largest in the world.
The Dohány Street Synagogue complex consists of the Great Synagogue, the Heroes' Temple, the graveyard, the Memorial and the Jewish Museum, which was built on the site on which Theodore Herzl's house of birth stood.
Dohány Street itself, a leafy street in the city center, carries strong Holocaust connotations as it constituted the border of the Budapest Ghetto.
Built in a residential area between 1854-1859 by the Jewish community of Pest according to the plans of
Ludwig Förster, the monumental synagogue has a capacity of 2,964 seats (1,492 for men and 1,472 in the
women's galleries) making it the largest in Europe and one of the largest working synagogues in the world
(after the Beit Midrash of Ger in Jerusalem, the Belz Great Synagogue and Temple Emanu-el in New York City)
The consecration of the synagogue took place on 6 September 1859.
The building is 75 metres (246 ft) long and 27 metres (89 ft) wide.[5] The style of the Dohány Street Synagogue is Moorish but its design also features a mixture of Byzantine, Romantic and Gothic elements. Two
onion-shaped domes sit on the twin octagonal towers at 43 metres (141 ft) height. A rose stained-glass window
sits over the main entrance.
Similarly to basilicas, the building consists of three spacious richly decorated aisles, two balconies and,
unusually, an organ. Its ark contains various torah scrolls taken from other synagogues destroyed during the
Holocaust.
The torah-ark and the internal frescoes made of colored and golden geometric shapes are the works of the
famous Hungarian romantic architect Frigyes Feszl. A single-span cast iron supports the 12-metre-wide (39 ft)
nave. The seats on the ground-floor are for men, while the upper gallery, supported by steel ornamented
poles, has seats for women.
Franz Liszt and Camille Saint-Saëns played the original 5,000 pipe organ built in 1859.[7] A new mechanical
organ with 63 voices and 4 manuals was built in 1996 by the German firm Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden GmbH.
One of the important concerts in the Synagogue's history was in 2002, played by the organ virtuoso Xaver
Varnus. Four hours before the concert even standing places could hardly be found in the Synagogue, and 7,200[citation needed] people were sitting and standing to listen to the improvisor’s virtuosity.
Synagogue complex
Jewish Museum]
Aerial view of the Dohány Street Synagogue complex
The Jewish Museum was constructed on the plot where Theodor Herzl's two-story Classicist style house used to
stand, adjoining the Dohány synagogue. The Jewish Museum was built in 1930 in accordance with the
synagogue's architectural style and attached in 1931 to the main building. It holds the Jewish Religious and
Historical Collection, a collection of religious relics of the Pest Hevrah Kaddishah (Jewish Burial Society),
ritual objects of Shabbat and the High Holidays and a Holocaust room.
Heroes' Temple[edit]
The arcade and the Heroes' Temple, which seats 250 people and is used for religious services on weekdays and during the winter time, was added the Dohány Street Synagogue complex in 1931. The Heroes' Temple was
designed by Lázlo Vágó and Ferenc Faragó and serves as a memorial to Hungarian Jews who gave their lives
during World War I.
Jewish Cemetery
Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest, Hungary
In 1944, the Dohány Street Synagogue was part of the Jewish Ghetto for the city Jews and served as shelter
for a lot of people. Over two thousand of those who died in the ghetto from hunger and cold during the winter
1944-1945 are buried in the courtyard of the synagogue.
It is not customary to have a cemetery next to a synagogue, the establishment of the 3000 m2 cemetery was the result of historical circumstances. In 1944, as a part of the Eichmann-plan, 70.000 Jews were relocated to the Ghetto of Pest. Until January 18, 1945, when the Russians liberated the ghetto, around 8-10.000 people
had died, although, one part of the deceased were transferred to the Kozma Street Cemetery, but 2.000 people were buried in the makeshift cemetery. In memory of those who had died, there is a memorial by the culptor,
Imre Varga, depicting a weeping willow with the names and tattoo numbers of the dead and disappeared just
behind the Synagogue, in the Raoul Wallenberg Holocaust Memorial Park.
Raoul Wallenberg Holocaust Memorial Park
The Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (memory park) in the rear courtyard holds the Memorial of the Hungarian Jewish Martyrs — at least 400,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by the Nazis.[14] Made by Imre Varga, it resembles a weeping willow whose leaves bear inscriptions with the names of victims. There is also a memorial to Wallenberg and other Righteous Among the Nations, among them: Swiss Vice-consul Carl Lutz; Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian man who, with a strategic escamotage, declared himself the Spanish consul, releasing documents of protection and current passports to Jews in Budapest without distinction (he saved five thousand); Mons.
Angelo Rotta, an Italian Prelate Bishop and Apostolic Nuncio of the State of Vatican City in Budapest, which
issued protective sheets, misrepresentations of baptism (to save them from forced labor) and Vatican
passports to Jews, without distinction of any kind present in Budapest (saving fifteen thousand), who saved,
with his secretary Mons. Gennaro Verolino tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War II. Carlos de Liz-Texeira Branquinho a Portuguese diplomat, serving as Portugal’s Chargé d'Affaires in Budapest in 1944, issued protective Passports to hundreds of Jewish families, altogether about 1,000 lives were saved due to
his actions.[15] Carlos Sampaio Garrido the Portuguese Ambassador who resisted the Hungarian political police
when the police raided his home arresting his guests.
The Ambassador physically resisted the police and was
also arrested but managed to have his guests released by invoking the extraterritorial legal rights of
diplomatic legations; five of the guests were members from the famous Gabor family.
Stones placed in a memorial behind the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary.
Trivia
Dohány means tobacco in Hungarian, a loan word from Ottoman Turkish دخان (duhân), itself borrowed from Arabic
دخان (duḫḫān). A similar Turkish loanword for tobacco is used throughout the Balkans (e.g. duhan in Bosnian).
Theodor Herzl in his speeches[16] and the Jewish Encyclopedia referred to the Dohány Street Synagogue as the Tabakgasse Synagogue. The Dohány Street Synagogue is also known under the name of the Tabak-Shul, the Yiddish translation of Dohány Synagogue.
Anti-Semitic attacks
On October 23, 2012, an Israeli flag was burned in front of a Budapest synagogue, reportedly by members of
Jobbik, an ultranationalist Hungarian political party.
Budapest.- La Gran Sinagoga / Dohány Street Synagogue / Dohány utcai
de/from Wikipedia
--------------------------
La Gran Sinagoga de Budapest, conocida también como la Sinagoga de la Calle Dohány es la mayor sinagoga en Eurasia y la segunda más grande del mundo, después de la Congregación Emanu-El de Nueva York.
Se levanta en el distrito de Erzsébetváros en Budapest.
La casa natal de Theodor Herzl se alzaba al lado de esta sinagoga. En su lugar se levanta el Museo Judío que
aloja la Colección Judaica Histórica y Religiosa; se levantó en 1930 en un estilo arquitectónico acorde con el de la sinagoga, en 1931 se anexó al edificio principal.
La calle Dohány tiene fuertes connotaciones relativas al Holocausto, puesto que constituía el límite del
gueto de Budapest.
Construida entre 1854-1859 por la comunidad neológica de Pest según los planos de Ludwig Förster, la
monumental sinagoga tiene capacidad para 2,964 asientos (1,492 para hombres y 1,472 en las galerías
femeninas) convirtiéndola en la más grande de Europa y la segunda del mundo.
La consagración de la sinagoga se realizó el 6 de Septiembre de 1859.
El edificio tiene una longitud de más de 53 metros y 26,5 metros de ancho. Es de estilo arábe pero su diseño
muestra una mezcla de estilos bizantino, romanico y gótico. Cuenta con dos cúpulas situadas cada una sobre
las dos torres octogonales de 43 metros de altura, además de una vidriera en forma de rosetón situada sobre la entrada principal
Museo Judío[editar]
El Museo Judío está construido sobre la parcela en la que se encontraba la casa de dos pisos de estilo lasicista donde nació Theodor Herzl, situada de forma adyacente a la Gran sinagoga.7 El museo, construido entre 1930-1931 contiene una colección de reliquias religiosas, propiedad de la Pest Hevrah Kaddishah (Sociedad de enterramientos judíos); objetos rituales usados durante el Shabbat y salas dedicadas a las grandes fiestas judías y al Holocausto.
Templo de los Héroes[editar]
La galería y Templo de los Héroes, con capacidad para 250 personas, es usada para los servicios religiosos
los fines de semana y durante el invierno. Fue diseñado por Lázlo Vágó y Ferenc Faragó, y se añadió al complejo de la Gran Sinagoga en 1931.Es utilizado como Memorial de todos aquellos judíos húngaros que
perdieron la vida durante la Primera Guerra Mundial.
Cementerio Judío[editar]
El cementerio se localiza en el jardín trasero del Templo de los Héroes, entre el Museo Judío y la Gran Sinagoga. De acuerdo con las tradiciones judías, los cementerios no pueden estar en las instalaciones de las sinagogas, pero debido a que la sinagoga era parte del gueto judio, el complejo tuvo que dar refugio a parte de la comunidad judía que no tenía hogar en el interior del gueto, esto implicó que durante la hambruna de invierno de 1944-1945, que junto con el frío extremo asoló el gueto, más de 2000 personas tuvieran que ser enterradas en las instalaciones de la sinagoga, pese a que esto va contra las tradiciones del pueblo judío.
Memorial a los mártires judíos húngaros
Parque memorial del Holocausto Raoul Wallenberg
El Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (parque memorial), en el patio trasero, contiene el Memorial a los mártires judíos húngaros — al menos 400.000 judíos húngaros fueron asesinados por los nazis.8 Construido por Imre Varga, se asemeja a un sauce llorón cuyas hojas llevan inscripciones con los nombres de las víctimas. Hay
además un memorial dedicado a Wallenberg y otros Justos entre las Naciones, entre ellos: el vice-cónsul suizo Carl Lutz; Giorgio Perlasca, un italiano que se hizo pasar por cónsul español, y continuando la obra de Ángel
Sanz Briz, entregó pasaportes españoles a los judíos, haciéndolos pasar por sefardíes, aunque su origen fuera
de otro tipo, consiguió salvar a 5.000 judíos de Budapest; Monseñor Angelo Rotta, un obispo italiano y Nuncio
Apostólico del Vaticano en Budapest, que emitió Documentos que alegaban que estaban bautizados, para así salvarles de los trabajos forzados, así como Pasaportes vaticanos junto con su secretario Monseñor Gennaro Verolino durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, misiones que consiguieron salvar a más de 15.000 judíos húngaros.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The Dohány Street Synagogue also known as The Great Synagogue or Tabakgasse Synagogue, is a historical
building in Erzsébetváros, the 7th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is the largest synagogue in Europe and one of the largest in the world.
The Dohány Street Synagogue complex consists of the Great Synagogue, the Heroes' Temple, the graveyard, the Memorial and the Jewish Museum, which was built on the site on which Theodore Herzl's house of birth stood.
Dohány Street itself, a leafy street in the city center, carries strong Holocaust connotations as it constituted the border of the Budapest Ghetto.
Built in a residential area between 1854-1859 by the Jewish community of Pest according to the plans of
Ludwig Förster, the monumental synagogue has a capacity of 2,964 seats (1,492 for men and 1,472 in the
women's galleries) making it the largest in Europe and one of the largest working synagogues in the world
(after the Beit Midrash of Ger in Jerusalem, the Belz Great Synagogue and Temple Emanu-el in New York City)
The consecration of the synagogue took place on 6 September 1859.
The building is 75 metres (246 ft) long and 27 metres (89 ft) wide.[5] The style of the Dohány Street Synagogue is Moorish but its design also features a mixture of Byzantine, Romantic and Gothic elements. Two
onion-shaped domes sit on the twin octagonal towers at 43 metres (141 ft) height. A rose stained-glass window
sits over the main entrance.
Similarly to basilicas, the building consists of three spacious richly decorated aisles, two balconies and,
unusually, an organ. Its ark contains various torah scrolls taken from other synagogues destroyed during the
Holocaust.
The torah-ark and the internal frescoes made of colored and golden geometric shapes are the works of the
famous Hungarian romantic architect Frigyes Feszl. A single-span cast iron supports the 12-metre-wide (39 ft)
nave. The seats on the ground-floor are for men, while the upper gallery, supported by steel ornamented
poles, has seats for women.
Franz Liszt and Camille Saint-Saëns played the original 5,000 pipe organ built in 1859.[7] A new mechanical
organ with 63 voices and 4 manuals was built in 1996 by the German firm Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden GmbH.
One of the important concerts in the Synagogue's history was in 2002, played by the organ virtuoso Xaver
Varnus. Four hours before the concert even standing places could hardly be found in the Synagogue, and 7,200[citation needed] people were sitting and standing to listen to the improvisor’s virtuosity.
Synagogue complex
Jewish Museum]
Aerial view of the Dohány Street Synagogue complex
The Jewish Museum was constructed on the plot where Theodor Herzl's two-story Classicist style house used to
stand, adjoining the Dohány synagogue. The Jewish Museum was built in 1930 in accordance with the
synagogue's architectural style and attached in 1931 to the main building. It holds the Jewish Religious and
Historical Collection, a collection of religious relics of the Pest Hevrah Kaddishah (Jewish Burial Society),
ritual objects of Shabbat and the High Holidays and a Holocaust room.
Heroes' Temple[edit]
The arcade and the Heroes' Temple, which seats 250 people and is used for religious services on weekdays and during the winter time, was added the Dohány Street Synagogue complex in 1931. The Heroes' Temple was
designed by Lázlo Vágó and Ferenc Faragó and serves as a memorial to Hungarian Jews who gave their lives
during World War I.
Jewish Cemetery
Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest, Hungary
In 1944, the Dohány Street Synagogue was part of the Jewish Ghetto for the city Jews and served as shelter
for a lot of people. Over two thousand of those who died in the ghetto from hunger and cold during the winter
1944-1945 are buried in the courtyard of the synagogue.
It is not customary to have a cemetery next to a synagogue, the establishment of the 3000 m2 cemetery was the result of historical circumstances. In 1944, as a part of the Eichmann-plan, 70.000 Jews were relocated to the Ghetto of Pest. Until January 18, 1945, when the Russians liberated the ghetto, around 8-10.000 people
had died, although, one part of the deceased were transferred to the Kozma Street Cemetery, but 2.000 people were buried in the makeshift cemetery. In memory of those who had died, there is a memorial by the culptor,
Imre Varga, depicting a weeping willow with the names and tattoo numbers of the dead and disappeared just
behind the Synagogue, in the Raoul Wallenberg Holocaust Memorial Park.
Raoul Wallenberg Holocaust Memorial Park
The Raoul Wallenberg Emlékpark (memory park) in the rear courtyard holds the Memorial of the Hungarian Jewish Martyrs — at least 400,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered by the Nazis.[14] Made by Imre Varga, it resembles a weeping willow whose leaves bear inscriptions with the names of victims. There is also a memorial to Wallenberg and other Righteous Among the Nations, among them: Swiss Vice-consul Carl Lutz; Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian man who, with a strategic escamotage, declared himself the Spanish consul, releasing documents of protection and current passports to Jews in Budapest without distinction (he saved five thousand); Mons.
Angelo Rotta, an Italian Prelate Bishop and Apostolic Nuncio of the State of Vatican City in Budapest, which
issued protective sheets, misrepresentations of baptism (to save them from forced labor) and Vatican
passports to Jews, without distinction of any kind present in Budapest (saving fifteen thousand), who saved,
with his secretary Mons. Gennaro Verolino tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War II. Carlos de Liz-Texeira Branquinho a Portuguese diplomat, serving as Portugal’s Chargé d'Affaires in Budapest in 1944, issued protective Passports to hundreds of Jewish families, altogether about 1,000 lives were saved due to
his actions.[15] Carlos Sampaio Garrido the Portuguese Ambassador who resisted the Hungarian political police
when the police raided his home arresting his guests.
The Ambassador physically resisted the police and was
also arrested but managed to have his guests released by invoking the extraterritorial legal rights of
diplomatic legations; five of the guests were members from the famous Gabor family.
Stones placed in a memorial behind the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest, Hungary.
Trivia
Dohány means tobacco in Hungarian, a loan word from Ottoman Turkish دخان (duhân), itself borrowed from Arabic
دخان (duḫḫān). A similar Turkish loanword for tobacco is used throughout the Balkans (e.g. duhan in Bosnian).
Theodor Herzl in his speeches[16] and the Jewish Encyclopedia referred to the Dohány Street Synagogue as the Tabakgasse Synagogue. The Dohány Street Synagogue is also known under the name of the Tabak-Shul, the Yiddish translation of Dohány Synagogue.
Anti-Semitic attacks
On October 23, 2012, an Israeli flag was burned in front of a Budapest synagogue, reportedly by members of
Jobbik, an ultranationalist Hungarian political party.