Amsterdam/4
Baruch Spinoza, ofwel Benedictus de Spinoza in het Latijn en Bento de Espinosa of d'Espinosa in het Portugees, was een Nederlands filosoof, wiskundige, politiek denker en lenzenslijper uit de vroege Verlichting. 1632, Amsterdam-1677, Den Haag
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Spinoza was raised in the Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam. He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine. The Jewish religious authorities issued a cherem (Hebrew: חרם, a kind of ban, shunning, ostracism, expulsion, or excommunication) against him, effectively excluding him from Jewish society at age 23. His books were also later put on the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books.
Amsterdam/4
Baruch Spinoza, ofwel Benedictus de Spinoza in het Latijn en Bento de Espinosa of d'Espinosa in het Portugees, was een Nederlands filosoof, wiskundige, politiek denker en lenzenslijper uit de vroege Verlichting. 1632, Amsterdam-1677, Den Haag
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Spinoza was raised in the Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam. He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine. The Jewish religious authorities issued a cherem (Hebrew: חרם, a kind of ban, shunning, ostracism, expulsion, or excommunication) against him, effectively excluding him from Jewish society at age 23. His books were also later put on the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books.