You Never Know

Cavendish Mews is a smart set of flats in Mayfair where flapper and modern woman, the Honourable Lettice Chetwynd has set up home after coming of age and gaining her allowance. To supplement her already generous allowance, and to break away from dependence upon her family, Lettice has established herself as a society interior designer, so her flat is decorated with a mixture of elegant antique Georgian pieces and modern Art Deco furnishings, using it as a showroom for what she can offer to her well heeled clients.

 

Today however, being a Sunday we are not at Cavendish Mews. We have travelled east across London, through Bloomsbury, past the Smithfield Meat Markets, beyond the Petticoat Lane Markets* frequented by Lettice’s maid, Edith, through the East End boroughs of Bethnal Green and Bow, and through the 1880s housing development of Upton Park, to East Ham. It is here that we have followed Edith and her fiancée, grocery delivery boy Frank, on their Sunday off, to the Premier Super Cinema**, where Edith and Frank have just finished seeing a midday showing of ‘A Girl of London’***.

 

As they join the throng of theatre patrons leaving the cinema and step out through the double glass doors set in wooden frames of Brunswick Green**** and stand under the brightly illuminated portico which advertises this week’s showings in colourful red lettering, they both shiver against the December cold, which is at odds to the warmth of the cinema’s cosy interior. Along High Street, people wrapped up in thick coats hurry through the gloom of the afternoon. Only dull light manages to filter through the dark clouds hanging heavily overhead.

 

“Looks like rain.” Frank remarks glumly as he looks to the sky beyond the Premier’s portico. He bundles the russet and cream wool scarf knitted in a stockinette stitch***** by his Scottish grandmother, Mrs. McTavish a little more tightly around his throat.

 

“Well, the forecast in this morning’s papers****** said that there were rain showers due to arrive from mid-afternoon.” Edith adds, pulling the brim of her black dyed straw cloche decorated with purple satin roses and black feathers low over ears as the cold breeze blowing up High Street teases them uncomfortably. “Which is why I brought this!” She hoists up her old black brolly and smiles at Frank.

 

“I really need to get you a new one of them.” Frank says. “It’s a bit battered and shabby.”

 

“Oh, it does its job well enough.” Edith defends her slightly beaten and battered black hook handled umbrella as she looks down upon it and rubs it tenderly.

 

“It’s not anywhere near good enough or smart enough for my best girl.” Frank insists

 

Come on.” she adds brightly with a chuckle. “Let’s do a bit of window shopping before we have to go home.”

 

The pair look both ways before crossing over High Street, a noisy and busy thoroughfare, even on a Sunday, chocked with a mixture of chugging private motor cars, lorries and the occasional horse and cart. Edith looks across the road as they wait by the kerb to the ramshackle collection of two and three storey buildings constructed over two centuries opposite. Their canvas awnings fluttering in the breeze help to advertise an ironmonger*******, a barber, a haberdasher, a lamp shop, a chemist, a boot repairer, a grocer and a little further up the street, the large double fronted Woolworths******* display their wares. Christmas is not far away now, with only a few weeks until Christmas Day, and signs of festive cheer abound with bright and gaudy tinsel********* garlands and stars cut from metallic paper hanging in shop windows on either side of the busy thoroughfare.

 

“I did enjoy Genevieve Townsend********** as Lil in today’s picture, Frank.” Edith remarks as they cross the street after taking advantage of a lull in traffic.

 

“Hhhmmm…” murmurs Frank in reply.

 

“She is so glamourous, and such a dramatic actress.” Edith goes on. “She reminds me a bit of Wanetta Ward. Remember Miss Lettice’s client the American actress that ended up working here for Islington Studios***********?”

 

“Hhhmmm…” is all Frank says in reply.

 

“Miss Lettice received a Christmas card from here a few days ago, all the way from California! And she even remembered to include me in her Christmas wish!” Edith gushes. “Miss Lettice says I can keep the card for myself after Christmas is over.”

 

“Hhhmmm…” Frank murmurs again as they reach the opposite side of the road and begin to slowly meander the pavement as they wend their way back up the hill towards East Ham Tube Station************.

 

“I was reading in Photoplay************* that Miss Towsend grew up in in Freeport, Illinois and attended Mount Holyoke College, where she majored in English and English Literature. No wonder she acts with such conviction, if she studied the classics. Don’t you think so, Frank?”

 

“Hhhmmm…” Frank utters again.

 

“Frank, are you listening to me?” Edith queries as she stops in her tracks.

 

Broken from his own distracted thoughts by their sudden cessation of movement, Frank turns towards Edith and says, “Oh yes. Yes. Very interesting.” But his voice sounds hollow.

 

“No, you haven’t, Frank.” replies Edith a little disappointedly.

 

“Haven’t what, Edith?”

 

“Exactly!” Edith says with conviction, nodding her head as she withdraws her arm from where it is interlocked with Frank’s and folds her arms akimbo in front of her. “Listening to me, Frank! You haven’t heard a word I’ve said, have you?”

 

“Oh, I’m sorry Edith. I guess I’m just a bit distracted is all. That’s why I wanted to come to the pictures today – to get my mind off things you know?”

 

“What things, Frank?” Edith ask in concern, re-linking her arm with Frank’s as they slowly begin to walk again, passing by the brightly illuminated lamp shop where stars made from metallic cardboard, strung on pieces of bright red cotton hyang above the latest range of fashionable electric lamps with a mixture of modern geometric Art Deco shades and more traditional Victorian and Edwardian styles.

 

“Well, I just can’t help thinking about Gran.” Frank admits a little guiltily.

 

“What’s wrong with her?” Edith asks in concern.

 

“Oh, I didn’t want to worry you, Edith. Not on our day off.” Frank begins. “But…”

 

“What is it, Frank. What’s happened?”

 

“Well, I’m sorry to say this, but she’s sick, Edith.” Frank sighs heavily, releasing a pent-up breath. “She must have caught a chill the other week when I walked her home from our celebratory engagement tea at Lyon’s Corner House************** up Tottenham Court Road.”

 

“Oh I’m sorry Mrs. McT… err, I mean, Gran, isn’t feeling well.” Edith says with concern to Frank. She then utters a snorting half chuckle. “I still can’t get used to calling your grandmother, Gran, Frank.” She shakes her head

 

Frank joins her laughter and smiles - a moment of happiness amidst the worry. “No more than I can get used to calling your parents George and Ada, rather than Mr. and Mrs. Watsford.”

 

“I guess we’ll get used to it in time.” Edith says comfortingly. “It’s early days yet. We haven’t been engaged for all that long, after all.”

 

Edith wraps her arm a little more tightly through Frank’s as they wander further up the street, their soles clicking on the wet concrete beneath their feet.

 

“It was cold that afternoon, going home.” Edith adds.

 

“I’m worried that it might have gone to her chest.” Frank confides with a furrowed brow. “She had the Spanish Influenza as well as my parents, you know.”

 

“No, I didn’t know.” Edith falters.

 

“Oh yes! She nursed Mum first and then Dad, even though she herself was sick, but Gran is as tough as old boots***************, and she survived.”

 

Edith reaches up and squeezes Frank’s upper arm soothingly as she senses him flinch. “I’m sorry that your Mum and Dad wouldn’t be there to see us get wed, Frank, but I promise that my Mum and Dad will make up for their absence. They love you, Frank.”

 

“I know they do, and I know they will, Edith.” Franks says, looking down on his fiancée with a grateful smile. “Your Dad was generous to shout us all to that celebratory slap up tea at Lyon’s Corner House. What more can I ask in a father-in-law than one who cares so much and is so happy to see us get married?”

 

“It’s what you deserve, Frank!”

 

“I just hope Gran survives. Her chest was never the same after the Spanish Influenza, and a chill usually goes straight there when she catches one. That’s what’s got me worried this time. I’ve got Mrs. Claxton from upstairs keeping an eye on her, and she’ll go to the telephone box down the street on the corner to telephone for the doctor if needs be, or to telephone Mrs. Chapman’s boarding house if she needs to reach me. But I’ll feel better after I’ve stopped in myself to see her today, and see how she is.”

 

“Do you want me to come too, Frank? I’d love to see her and support you.”

 

“It’s lovely of you to offer, Edith, but best not, just today. The less chance Gran has to be exposed to any other coughs or sneezes, the better.”

 

“But I’m not sick, Frank.” Edith says, trying hard not to take offence from Frank’s off the cuff remark.

 

“Not yet, but you could be and just not know it yet. There are lots of coughs and sneezes going around.”

 

“Well, if that’s the case, then it means that you could be sick too, Frank.”

 

“I know, Edith, but I’ll cover my face with my scarf whilst I’m there.” Frank assures her. “I know you just want to be helpful, Edith.”

 

“Of course I do Frank!” Edith says, unable to keep the hurt out of her voice any longer.

 

“But if you do, the best thing you can do is stay on the Tube**************** and go on home to Cavendish Mews whilst I visit Gran. I’ve had to do this more than a few times since my parents died.” He adds soothingly. “I know what I’m doing.”

 

“Oh, of course you do, Frank.” Edith acquiesces. “You know what’s best.”

 

The pair stop in front of one of the rounded plate glass bay windows of the East Ham High Street Woolworths****************. The window is flooded with warm light which falls down upon a cornucopia of wonderful festive things for Christmas. Beneath a red ribbon garlanded and gold bauble studded Christmas tree a range of goods are artfully placed for maximum exposure to the passers-by on the footpath as they meandered before the window. Boxes of gaily coloured baubles in bright packaging smile out in metallic golds and greens, whilst other glass baubles sporting bright blue stripes or coats of the most festive red are placed on top of parcels wrapped in pretty papered and tied with satin ribbon. Boxes of Christmas Crackers****************** ready to grace any festive table with a splash of colour spill forth in yellow, blue, orange, red and pink crêpe paper, their paper hats, riddle, charade and small token sweet gifts inside waiting to burst forth when pulled with a snap. Both Frank and Edith stare at the colourful display in silence, momentarily lost in their own separate deep thoughts.

 

Finally, Frank breaks the quiet between them. “I’m even worried, so close to Christmas, that Gran and I might not be able to come you yours on Christmas Day.”

 

“What?” Edith gasps, her eyes widening. “Not come? Oh, Mum’s been planning Christmas Day for months now! She’ll be so disappointed! And this will be our first Christmas together affianced, Frank.”

 

“And that will disappoint you, Edith.”

 

“It will.” Edith mutters begrudgingly as her shoulders slump.

 

“I just don’t think she’ll be well enough to travel all the way to Harlesden on the Tube and then walk, Edith. I just don’t. I don’t want to spoil Christmas Day, but I don’t want her getting any sicker, and I won’t leave Gran alone on Christmas.”

 

“Oh, I’d never suggest you should, Frank. That would be awful for her!” Edith exclaims. She sighs heavily. “I understand.”

 

“We’ll see.” Frank says consolingly, wrapping his arm around Edith’s shoulder lovingly. “There is still a little bit of time between now and Christmas Day. You never know what can happen.”

 

Edith sighs again and bites her bottom lip to stop the tears that threaten to spill from her pretty blue eyes, so as not to upset Frank. As she stares through the mist of tears at a brightly decorated box of Christmas crackers depicting a father playing with his children around the Christmas tree on Christmas Day, she is suddenly struck with a thought. “Yes,” she murmurs under her breath, suddenly struck by a ray of hope. “You never know.”

 

*Petticoat Lane Market is a fashion and clothing market in Spitalfields, London. It consists of two adjacent street markets. Wentworth Street Market and Middlesex Street Market. Originally populated by Huguenots fleeing persecution in France, Spitalfields became a center for weaving, embroidery and dying. From 1882, a wave of Jewish immigrants fleeing persecution in eastern Europe settled in the area and Spitalfields then became the true heart of the clothing manufacturing district of London. 'The Lane' was always renowned for the 'patter' and showmanship of the market traders. It was also known for being a haven for the unsavoury characters of London’s underworld and was rife with prostitutes during the late Victorian era. Unpopular with the authorities, as it was largely unregulated and in some sense illegal, as recently as the 1930s, police cars and fire engines were driven down ‘The Lane’, with alarm bells ringing, to disrupt the market.

 

**The Premier Super Cinema in East Ham was opened on the 12th of March, 1921, replacing the 800 seat capacity 1912 Premier Electric Theatre. The new cinema could seat 2,408 patrons. The Premier Super Cinema was taken over by Provincial Cinematograph Theatres who were taken over by Gaumont British in February 1929. It was renamed the Gaumont from 21st April 1952. The Gaumont was closed by the Rank Organisation on 6th April 1963. After that it became a bingo hall and remained so until 2005. Despite attempts to have it listed as a historic building due to its relatively intact 1921 interior, the Gaumont was demolished in 2009.

 

***‘A Girl of London’ is a 1925 British silent drama film produced by Stoll Pictures, directed by Henry Edwards and starring Genevieve Townsend, Ian Hunter and Nora Swinburne. Its plot concerns the son of a member of parliament, who is disowned by his father when he marries a girl who works in a factory. Meanwhile, he tries to rescue his new wife from her stepfather who operates a drugs den. It was based on a novel by Douglas Walshe.

 

****Brunswick Green is a deep, rich, often gloss-finish green with a classic, historical feel, while Cottage Green is a bolder, vibrant, and rich green often associated with traditional schemes and country aesthetics. Brunswick Green is typically darker and more dramatic, pairing well with brass or gold for an elegant look, while Cottage Green is often used on its own or with lighter neutral accents to create a cohesive traditional or rustic feel. Brunswick green was a popular colour in the 1920s, especially for painting houses and architectural details. It was a common choice for the exterior trim on homes and commercial buildings, often paired with lighter colours like cream or off-white for walls. It was also popular in other applications, like for machinery and rolling stock, especially in Great Britain where it gained popularity for its use in racing cars as British Racing Green, a shade closely related to Brunswick Green.

 

*****The V pattern in a knitted scarf is called stockinette stitch, which is created by alternating rows of knit and purl stitches.

 

******Vice-Admiral Robert Fitzroy, founder of the UK Met Office, started collating measurements on pressure, temperature, and rainfall from across Great Britain, Ireland, and Europe in 1860. These observations were sent by telegraph cable to London every day where they were used to make a ‘weather forecast’ – a term invented by Fitzroy for this endeavour. After the Royal Charter ship sank in a violent storm in 1859, Fitzroy resolved to collect real-time weather measurements from stations across Britain's telegraph network to make storm warnings. Starting in 1860, observers telegraphed readings to Fitzroy in London who handwrote them onto Daily Weather Report sheets, enabling the first-ever public weather forecasts starting on 1st August 1861 and published daily in The Times newspaper. Fitzroy died by suicide in 1865 shortly after founding the UK Met Office, leaving his life's work trapped undiscovered in archives.

 

*******An ironmonger is the old fashioned term for someone who sells items, tools and equipment for use in homes and gardens: what today we would call a hardware shop. Ironmongery stems from the forges of blacksmiths and the workshops of woodworkers. Ironmongery can refer to a wide variety of metal items, including door handles, cabinet knobs, window fittings, hinges, locks, and latches. It can also refer to larger items, such as metal gates and railings. By the 1920s when this story is set, the ironmonger may also have sold cast iron cookware and crockery for the kitchen and even packets of seeds for the nation of British gardeners, as quoted by the Scot, Adam Smith.

 

********Woolworths began operation in Britain in 1909 when Frank Woolworth opened the first store in Liverpool, as a British subsidiary of the already established American company. The store initially sold a variety of goods for threepence and sixpence, making their goods accessible to everyone, not just the wealthy upper and middle-classes. The British subsidiary proved to be very popular, and it grew quickly, opening twelve stores by 1912 and expanding using its own profits to become a fixture on the high street. The stores became a beloved British institution, with many shoppers assuming they were originally a British company. In 1982, the United Kingdom operations underwent a management buyout from the American parent company, becoming Woolworth Holdings PLC. This followed the American parent company's sale of its controlling stake to a local consortium. Later, in 2000, the company's parent (by then known as Kingfisher Group) decided to restructure, focusing more on its DIY and electrical markets. The general merchandise division, including Big W stores, was spun off into a separate company called Woolworths in 2001. Unable to adapt to modern retail trends, the company faced increasing competition and financial difficulties. The last Woolworths stores in the United Kingdom closed their doors in December 2008 and January 2009, marking the end of an era.

 

*********One of the most famous Christmas decorations that people love to use at Christmas is tinsel. You might think that using it is an old tradition and that people in Britain have been adorning their houses with tinsel for a very long time. However that is not actually true. Tinsel is in fact believed to be quite a modern tradition. Whilst the idea of tinsel dates back to Germany in 1610 when wealthy people used real strands of silver to adorn their Christmas trees (also a German invention). Silver was very expensive though, so being able to do this was a sign that you were wealthy. Even though silver looked beautiful and sparkly to begin with, it tarnished quite quickly, meaning it would lose its lovely, bright appearance. Therefore it was swapped for other materials like copper and tin. These metals were also cheaper, so it meant that more people could use them. However, when the Great War started in 1914, metals like copper were needed for the war. Because of this, they couldn't be used for Christmas decorations as much, so a substitute was needed. It was swapped for aluminium, but this was a fire hazard, so it was switched for lead, but that turned out to be poisonous.

 

**********Genevieve Schmich, known professionally as Genevieve Smeek and Genevieve Townsend, was an American stage and film actress. She was born in Freeport, Illinois and attended Mount Holyoke College, where she majored in English and English Literature. After graduating in 1920, she moved to Britain, where she joined Frank Benson's theatre company. During the mid-1920s she had several lead roles in British silent films. She died in Switzerland, of tuberculosis, at the age of 29 in 1927. In 1928, Mount Holyoke College established the Genevieve Schmich Award in her honour.

 

***********Islington Studios, often known as Gainsborough Studios, were a British film studio located on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton in Shoreditch, London which began operation in 1919. By 1920 they had a two stage studio. It is here that Alfred Hitchcock made his entrée into films.

 

************East Ham London Underground railway station is located on High Street North in the East Ham neighbourhood of the London Borough of Newham in east London. It is on the District and Hammersmith and City lines, between Upton Park and Barking stations. The station was originally opened on 31 March 1858 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway on a new more direct route from Fenchurch Street to Barking. It became an interchange station in 1894 when it was connected to the Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway. The large Edwardian station building was constructed to accommodate the electric District Railway services on an additional set of tracks opened in 1905. Metropolitan line service commenced in 1936. British Railways service to Kentish Town was withdrawn in 1958 and the Fenchurch Street–Southend service was withdrawn in 1962, leaving abandoned platforms.

 

*************Photoplay was one of the first American film fan magazines, its title another word for screenplay. It was founded in Chicago in 1911. Under early editors Julian Johnson and James R. Quirk, in style and reach it became a pacesetter for fan magazines. In 1921, Photoplay established what is considered the first significant annual movie award. For most of its run, it was published by Macfadden Publications. The magazine ceased publication in 1980.

 

**************J. Lyons and Co. was a British restaurant chain, food manufacturing, and hotel conglomerate founded in 1884 by Joseph Lyons and his brothers in law, Isidore and Montague Gluckstein. Lyons’ first teashop opened in Piccadilly in 1894, and from 1909 they developed into a chain of teashops, with the firm becoming a staple of the High Street in the United Kingdom. At its peak the chain numbered around two hundred cafes. The teashops provided for tea and coffee, with food choices consisting of hot dishes and sweets, cold dishes and sweets, and buns, cakes and rolls. Lyons' Corner Houses, which first appeared in 1909 and remained until 1977, were noted for their Art Deco style. Situated on or near the corners of Coventry Street, Strand and Tottenham Court Road, they and the Maison Lyonses at Marble Arch and in Shaftesbury Avenue were large buildings on four or five floors, the ground floor of which was a food hall with counters for delicatessen, sweets and chocolates, cakes, fruit, flowers and other products. In addition, they possessed hairdressing salons, telephone booths, theatre booking agencies and at one period a twice-a-day food delivery service. On the other floors were several restaurants, each with a different theme and all with their own musicians. For a time, the Corner Houses were open twenty-four hours a day, and at their peak each branch employed around four hundred staff including their famous waitresses, commonly known as Nippies for the way they nipped in and out between the tables taking orders and serving meals. The tea houses featured window displays, and, in the post-war period, the Corner Houses were smarter and grander than the local tea shops. Between 1896 and 1965 Lyons owned the Trocadero, which was similar in size and style to the Corner Houses.

 

***************The idiom “tough as old boots” is used to describe someone who is physically strong and resilient, or something that is very difficult to break or damage, like a tough piece of food. The saying likely comes from the durability of leather boots, which were traditionally made to last a long time. The phrase evolved from an earlier version, “tough as leather,” to emphasise that a person or thing is very strong, resilient, and enduring, much like a well-worn but still functional boot.

 

****************People started calling the London Underground the "Tube" around 1900, after the opening of the Central London Railway. The railway's deep, cylindrical tunnels resembled tubes, and a newspaper nickname for it, the “Tuppenny Tube”, due to a flat fare of two pence, helped the term stick. Over time, the nickname spread to refer to the entire system.

 

*****************The East Ham Woolworth Three and Six store was located at 72 to 76 High Street North, in East Ham. At the time this chapter is set, the building it occupied was an old Arts and Crafts building with half timbered gables and bay windows in a Jacobethan style, with three rounded floor to ceiling bay windows of plate glass and two sets of double doors on the ground floor.

 

******************Christmas crackers first appeared in 1847 when London confectioner Tom Smith created them, inspired by the French "bon bon" sweets he encountered on a trip to Paris. He initially sold the sweets wrapped in tissue paper with a small motto or riddle inside. Smith later added the "snap" mechanism after being inspired by the sound of a log fire, creating the "bang" we know today.

 

This bright festive window display may look real to you, but it is not all that it seems, for this scene is made up entirely of miniatures from my 1:12 miniatures collection.

 

Fun thing to look for in this tableau include:

 

The boxes of Christmas crackers and the Christmas Drawings book are 1:12 miniatures made by artisan Ken Blythe. I have a large representation of Ken Blythe’s work in my miniatures collection – books mostly. Most of the books I own that he has made may be opened to reveal authentic printed interiors. In some cases, you can even read the words, depending upon the size of the print! Sadly, so little of his real artistry is seen because the books that he specialised in making are usually closed, sitting on shelves or closed on desks and table surfaces. As well as making books, he also made other small paper based miniatures including boxes of goods. The boxes are designed to be opened, and each one contains gaily coloured Christmas crackers made from real crêpe paper. To create something so authentic to the original in such detail and so clearly, really does make them all miniature artisan pieces. Ken Blythe’s work is highly sought after by miniaturists around the world today and command high prices at auction for such tiny pieces, particularly now that he is no longer alive. I was fortunate enough to acquire pieces from Ken Blythe prior to his death about four years ago, as well as through his estate via his daughter and son-in-law. His legacy will live on with me and in my photography which I hope will please his daughter.

 

The red and green boxes containing hand painted Christmas ornaments were hand made and decorated by artists of Crooked Mile Cottage in America. The patterned green box of red and green baubles at the front to the right was hand made by Mick and Marie’s Miniatures in the United Kingdom, as is the box of hand made Christmas crackers in the box decorated with the holly and robin redbreast at the back of the display on the left. The central box of blue and white striped glass baubles are also handmade miniatures, bought from a woman in America by a very good friend of mine who knows I love to collect 1:12 miniatures.

 

The painted silver and red single loose baubles that litter the display come from an online miniature stockist in England through E-Bay.

 

The wrapped Christmas gifts decorated with ribbons are 1:12 artisan pieces, hand made by husband and wife artistic team Margie and Mike Balough who own Serendipity Miniatures in Newcomerstown, Ohio.

 

The Christmas tree at the back of the display is a hand-made artisan example from dollhouse artisan suppliers in America.

 

The red and silver backdrop is hand printed paper made by the company Zetta Florence in Fitzroy in Melbourne.

Done