Vincent H P Liu
Shape and Structure 洞窟的形制
Except that cave No. 5 is special in shape and structure. The other caves were generally square with the ceilings looking like an overturned trapezoid. They were small inside, with the walls engraved in intaglio and cameo in two levels. On the top level there are statues of Buddha cut in high relief, and on the bottom level there is an elevated base connecting three sides of the cave. On the connected base, the pedestale of the main statues of Buddha were cut separately from the rocky wall of the cave. The shape of the shrines is mostly sharp-arched. 洞窟的形制，除第5窟形式较特殊外，其他洞窟一般为方形，覆斗顶。窟制较小，窟壁刻凸凹较大的双层，上层排列着高浮雕佛像；下层作三壁通连的高台基座，台座上主佛台座与岩壁脱离，有的作仰覆莲花座，有的为八角叠涩须弥座。龛形多作尖拱龛。
Shape and Structure 洞窟的形制
Except that cave No. 5 is special in shape and structure. The other caves were generally square with the ceilings looking like an overturned trapezoid. They were small inside, with the walls engraved in intaglio and cameo in two levels. On the top level there are statues of Buddha cut in high relief, and on the bottom level there is an elevated base connecting three sides of the cave. On the connected base, the pedestale of the main statues of Buddha were cut separately from the rocky wall of the cave. The shape of the shrines is mostly sharp-arched. 洞窟的形制，除第5窟形式较特殊外，其他洞窟一般为方形，覆斗顶。窟制较小，窟壁刻凸凹较大的双层，上层排列着高浮雕佛像；下层作三壁通连的高台基座，台座上主佛台座与岩壁脱离，有的作仰覆莲花座，有的为八角叠涩须弥座。龛形多作尖拱龛。