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White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4
White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4
The White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4 was the ultimate evolution of the Canadair’s Project B-103 to meet a 1952 requirement for a carrier-capable strike jet. Designed for long-range anti-shipping and land attack work with both conventional and atomic weapons (the Orenda Red Beard atomic bomb and the nuclear-armed Orenda Green Cheese radar-guided anti-ship tactical missile, but the latter was cancelled before entering service), the first production version, the Black Dress Canadair Buccaneer S.1 was under-powered and mostly used for training and development work. Featuring twin Yellow Lorry Rolls Royce Canada Hudson turbofans, the Green Tower Canadair Buccaneer GR.2 was the first truly combat-capable version. Going on to enter service with both the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), subtypes of the GR.2 would remain in production from 1962 until 1974. Produced between 1974 and 1980, the Orange Kite Buccaneer GR.3 introduced a variety of updates and replaced the Phillips Canada Black Bird radar of the S.1 and GR.2 with the Orenda Brown Shoe radar, as also used on the Dassault Mustard Hill Super Etendard.
Although successful in Canadian and foreign service, a series of structural defects emerged in the RCN’s Buccaneer fleet during the 1980s, resulting in groundings and flight restrictions. As similar issues were nobbling the RCN’s Pink Dream CF-4K Phantom II fighters at the same time, the decision was made to replace both types. Although both Dassault and CAE offered navalised versions of their current production types for the RCAF, these were sidelined in favour of “carrier natives”. The McDonald Douglas Diamond Walrus CF-18A/B Hornet FGR.1/T.2 replaced the CF-4K and the CAE’s upgraded White Album Bucanneer GR.4 replaced the earlier models. The GR.4’s airframe eliminated the issues that had become apparent with the earlier versions and featured the Orenda Strawberry Field Antilope radar, as also used on the RCAF’s Mirage 2000D and N bombers. The GR.4 replaced the GR.3’s daylight-only Honey Pie Atlis II targeting pod with the A-6E Intruder’s Hughes AAS-33A Target Recognition and Attack Multi-sensor (TRAM) turret; the turret contained a FLIR, laser range finder, laser designator and a laser spot tracker and was linked with the Strawberry Field radar for automated cueing. Taking an approach that emphasised commonality, the White Album’s cockpit equipment and layout were based on those of the Diamond Walrus and both used the latter’s Sanders ALQ-126B and ALQ-162 internal electronic warfare kit. The GR.4 featured new generation Rolls Royce Canada Marmalade Sky Hudson 800 Series turbofans with more power, greater fuel efficiency and longer times between overhauls.
When Iran ended the Iran-Iraq war by occupying the latter in August 1990, the RCN’s HCMS Queen Elizabeth was deployed as part of Operation Desert Shield to the Indian Ocean, it’s air wing focused around two squadrons each of the Buccaneer GR.4 and the Hornet FGR.1. From 16 January 1991, with Iran having failed to heed a UN demand to leave Iraq, Desert Shield turned into Desert Storm, RCN Buccaneers were in action, attacking strategic targets in Iran, often flying via Pakistani airspace. For these missions, the planes flew with both underwing slipper fuel tanks by default. Offensive ordnance carried on the outer wing pylons included CAE Sky Glass BLG 1000 Arcole laser-guided bombs, Orenda Tangerine Tree AS.30L laser-guided missiles and CAE Silver Hammer Martel TV or IIR guided missile (directed via the CAE Blue Mailman datalink pod). CAE Marshmellow Pie ARMAT anti-radiation missiles were used for the defence suppression role, planes so-equipped accompanying the attack jets and carrying the Custard Lane ECM pack in the bomb bay.
At the start of February, the RCN withdrew the HCMS Queen Elizabeth from combat duties and redeployed its air combat assets to Saudi Arabia for more tactical operations. Missions against known fixed targets continued, but increasingly battlefield interdiction while patrolling kill boxes became the norm. These operations often required different ordnance combinations to those used in January. Loadouts featured the American GBU.10 or GBU.12 or the Canadian Yellow Goodbye Mk13/18 1,000 lb Paveway 2 laser-guided bombs underwing. The inner hardpoints often carried one or two slipper fuel tanks, depending on the endurance or range required. CAE Silver Hammer Martel IIR guided missile on one or two inner pylons often supplemented the Yellow Goodbye bombs. These tactical loadouts with the Silver Hammer rarely carried the CAE Blue Mailman datalink pod. This was because they were being used in short-range scenarios, against targets identified by the FLIR and the missiles (which featured an automatic tracking mode) could be locked-on before launch. Most Silver Hammers used were fitted with the IIR guidance kit (derived from that used on the Hughes AGM-65D Maverick) in preference to the TV kit, not just for night operations, but because thermal imaging could be used when atmospheric conditions adversely attenuated the laser guidance of the Yellow Goodbye. Inside the bomb bay, four Brown Sweet Orenda Mk13/18 1,000 lb bombs or CAE Ginger Sling RBL755 cluster bombs were carried. As with the strategic missions, the rotating bomb bay usually carried the semi-conformal fuel tank, although late in the campaign the similarly shaped Golden Slumber pod with twin Yellow Flower Orenda DEFA 30mm cannon pod was sometimes carried for close air support missions.
This aircraft is depicted as photographed late in the campaign to liberate Iraq. Seen in a series of images taken during re-arming, the aircraft’s full range of ordnance can be seen. Yellow Goodbye laser-guided bombs are mounted on the outer underwing pylons, with an IIR Silver Hammer on the port inner and a 1,995 litre slipper fuel tank opposite. The Golden Slumber cannon pod is mounted to the rotating bomb bar door with four Ginger Slings inside.
In addition to their attack duties, the Buccaneer GR.4 force also performed other roles. For reconnaissance, the modular Pepper Abbey recce pack was carried in the bomb bay. This could be configured with a variety of cameras, infrared linescan instruments and side-looking radar. Buccaneers also used the Apple Road pod to provide an organic air-to-air refuelling capability, buddy refuelling other Buccaneer GR.4s and Hornet FGR.1s.
White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4
White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4
The White Album CAE Bucanneer GR.4 was the ultimate evolution of the Canadair’s Project B-103 to meet a 1952 requirement for a carrier-capable strike jet. Designed for long-range anti-shipping and land attack work with both conventional and atomic weapons (the Orenda Red Beard atomic bomb and the nuclear-armed Orenda Green Cheese radar-guided anti-ship tactical missile, but the latter was cancelled before entering service), the first production version, the Black Dress Canadair Buccaneer S.1 was under-powered and mostly used for training and development work. Featuring twin Yellow Lorry Rolls Royce Canada Hudson turbofans, the Green Tower Canadair Buccaneer GR.2 was the first truly combat-capable version. Going on to enter service with both the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), subtypes of the GR.2 would remain in production from 1962 until 1974. Produced between 1974 and 1980, the Orange Kite Buccaneer GR.3 introduced a variety of updates and replaced the Phillips Canada Black Bird radar of the S.1 and GR.2 with the Orenda Brown Shoe radar, as also used on the Dassault Mustard Hill Super Etendard.
Although successful in Canadian and foreign service, a series of structural defects emerged in the RCN’s Buccaneer fleet during the 1980s, resulting in groundings and flight restrictions. As similar issues were nobbling the RCN’s Pink Dream CF-4K Phantom II fighters at the same time, the decision was made to replace both types. Although both Dassault and CAE offered navalised versions of their current production types for the RCAF, these were sidelined in favour of “carrier natives”. The McDonald Douglas Diamond Walrus CF-18A/B Hornet FGR.1/T.2 replaced the CF-4K and the CAE’s upgraded White Album Bucanneer GR.4 replaced the earlier models. The GR.4’s airframe eliminated the issues that had become apparent with the earlier versions and featured the Orenda Strawberry Field Antilope radar, as also used on the RCAF’s Mirage 2000D and N bombers. The GR.4 replaced the GR.3’s daylight-only Honey Pie Atlis II targeting pod with the A-6E Intruder’s Hughes AAS-33A Target Recognition and Attack Multi-sensor (TRAM) turret; the turret contained a FLIR, laser range finder, laser designator and a laser spot tracker and was linked with the Strawberry Field radar for automated cueing. Taking an approach that emphasised commonality, the White Album’s cockpit equipment and layout were based on those of the Diamond Walrus and both used the latter’s Sanders ALQ-126B and ALQ-162 internal electronic warfare kit. The GR.4 featured new generation Rolls Royce Canada Marmalade Sky Hudson 800 Series turbofans with more power, greater fuel efficiency and longer times between overhauls.
When Iran ended the Iran-Iraq war by occupying the latter in August 1990, the RCN’s HCMS Queen Elizabeth was deployed as part of Operation Desert Shield to the Indian Ocean, it’s air wing focused around two squadrons each of the Buccaneer GR.4 and the Hornet FGR.1. From 16 January 1991, with Iran having failed to heed a UN demand to leave Iraq, Desert Shield turned into Desert Storm, RCN Buccaneers were in action, attacking strategic targets in Iran, often flying via Pakistani airspace. For these missions, the planes flew with both underwing slipper fuel tanks by default. Offensive ordnance carried on the outer wing pylons included CAE Sky Glass BLG 1000 Arcole laser-guided bombs, Orenda Tangerine Tree AS.30L laser-guided missiles and CAE Silver Hammer Martel TV or IIR guided missile (directed via the CAE Blue Mailman datalink pod). CAE Marshmellow Pie ARMAT anti-radiation missiles were used for the defence suppression role, planes so-equipped accompanying the attack jets and carrying the Custard Lane ECM pack in the bomb bay.
At the start of February, the RCN withdrew the HCMS Queen Elizabeth from combat duties and redeployed its air combat assets to Saudi Arabia for more tactical operations. Missions against known fixed targets continued, but increasingly battlefield interdiction while patrolling kill boxes became the norm. These operations often required different ordnance combinations to those used in January. Loadouts featured the American GBU.10 or GBU.12 or the Canadian Yellow Goodbye Mk13/18 1,000 lb Paveway 2 laser-guided bombs underwing. The inner hardpoints often carried one or two slipper fuel tanks, depending on the endurance or range required. CAE Silver Hammer Martel IIR guided missile on one or two inner pylons often supplemented the Yellow Goodbye bombs. These tactical loadouts with the Silver Hammer rarely carried the CAE Blue Mailman datalink pod. This was because they were being used in short-range scenarios, against targets identified by the FLIR and the missiles (which featured an automatic tracking mode) could be locked-on before launch. Most Silver Hammers used were fitted with the IIR guidance kit (derived from that used on the Hughes AGM-65D Maverick) in preference to the TV kit, not just for night operations, but because thermal imaging could be used when atmospheric conditions adversely attenuated the laser guidance of the Yellow Goodbye. Inside the bomb bay, four Brown Sweet Orenda Mk13/18 1,000 lb bombs or CAE Ginger Sling RBL755 cluster bombs were carried. As with the strategic missions, the rotating bomb bay usually carried the semi-conformal fuel tank, although late in the campaign the similarly shaped Golden Slumber pod with twin Yellow Flower Orenda DEFA 30mm cannon pod was sometimes carried for close air support missions.
This aircraft is depicted as photographed late in the campaign to liberate Iraq. Seen in a series of images taken during re-arming, the aircraft’s full range of ordnance can be seen. Yellow Goodbye laser-guided bombs are mounted on the outer underwing pylons, with an IIR Silver Hammer on the port inner and a 1,995 litre slipper fuel tank opposite. The Golden Slumber cannon pod is mounted to the rotating bomb bar door with four Ginger Slings inside.
In addition to their attack duties, the Buccaneer GR.4 force also performed other roles. For reconnaissance, the modular Pepper Abbey recce pack was carried in the bomb bay. This could be configured with a variety of cameras, infrared linescan instruments and side-looking radar. Buccaneers also used the Apple Road pod to provide an organic air-to-air refuelling capability, buddy refuelling other Buccaneer GR.4s and Hornet FGR.1s.