Helmut Stegmann
Christoph Kolumbus (Genova) - Cristoforo Colombo
Christoph Kolumbus (italienisch Cristoforo Colombo, spanisch Cristóbal Colón, portugiesisch Cristóvão Colombo, latinisiert Christophorus Columbus; * um 1451 in Genua, Republik Genua; † 20. Mai 1506 in Valladolid, Krone von Kastilien) war ein italienischer Seefahrer in kastilischen Diensten, der im Jahr 1492 Amerika entdeckte, als er eine Insel der Bahamaserreichte.
Im Wettlauf mit Portugal um den Seeweg nach Indien wollte Kolumbus den Weg im Westen erschließen. Das Ziel seiner ersten Entdeckungsreise war eine Hafenstadt in China, das im damaligen Sprachgebrauch zu „Indien“ gezählt wurde.
Auf seinen Entdeckungsreisen zwischen 1492 und 1504 steuerte Kolumbus vor allem die Großen Antillen an, darunter bei allen vier Reisen Hispaniola (heute Haiti und Dominikanische Republik), wo er erste Kolonien gründete. Erst auf seiner vierten Reise betrat er im heutigen Honduras das amerikanische Festland. Kolumbus hatte nicht bemerkt, dass es sich um einen bis dahin unbekannten Kontinent handelte. Diese Auffassung vertrat erst Amerigo Vespucci, nach dem die Neue Welt schließlich Amerikagenannt wurde.
Die ersten „Entdecker“ Amerikas waren die Vorfahren der Indianer, die vor langer Zeit von Asien her in den zuvor menschenleeren Kontinent eindrangen (siehe Besiedlung Amerikas). Außerdem wurde Amerika schon rund 500 Jahre vor Kolumbus von Leif Eriksson oder anderen Isländern besucht. Wenn Kolumbus gleichwohl bis heute als maßgeblicher europäischer Entdecker Amerikas gilt, ist dies darauf zurückzuführen, dass erst seine Reisen zu dauerhafter Kolonisierung durch Menschen anderer Kontinente in geschichtlicher Zeit führten.
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Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo;[a] c. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa, under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World.
At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice tradewith Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named "San Salvador". Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile.
Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century, but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted several centuries. These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world. He spearheaded the transatlantic slave tradeand has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion.
Columbus never admitted that he had reached a continent previously unknown to Europeans, rather than the East Indies for which he had set course. He called the inhabitants of the lands that he visited indios (Spanish for "Indians"). His strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.
Christoph Kolumbus (Genova) - Cristoforo Colombo
Christoph Kolumbus (italienisch Cristoforo Colombo, spanisch Cristóbal Colón, portugiesisch Cristóvão Colombo, latinisiert Christophorus Columbus; * um 1451 in Genua, Republik Genua; † 20. Mai 1506 in Valladolid, Krone von Kastilien) war ein italienischer Seefahrer in kastilischen Diensten, der im Jahr 1492 Amerika entdeckte, als er eine Insel der Bahamaserreichte.
Im Wettlauf mit Portugal um den Seeweg nach Indien wollte Kolumbus den Weg im Westen erschließen. Das Ziel seiner ersten Entdeckungsreise war eine Hafenstadt in China, das im damaligen Sprachgebrauch zu „Indien“ gezählt wurde.
Auf seinen Entdeckungsreisen zwischen 1492 und 1504 steuerte Kolumbus vor allem die Großen Antillen an, darunter bei allen vier Reisen Hispaniola (heute Haiti und Dominikanische Republik), wo er erste Kolonien gründete. Erst auf seiner vierten Reise betrat er im heutigen Honduras das amerikanische Festland. Kolumbus hatte nicht bemerkt, dass es sich um einen bis dahin unbekannten Kontinent handelte. Diese Auffassung vertrat erst Amerigo Vespucci, nach dem die Neue Welt schließlich Amerikagenannt wurde.
Die ersten „Entdecker“ Amerikas waren die Vorfahren der Indianer, die vor langer Zeit von Asien her in den zuvor menschenleeren Kontinent eindrangen (siehe Besiedlung Amerikas). Außerdem wurde Amerika schon rund 500 Jahre vor Kolumbus von Leif Eriksson oder anderen Isländern besucht. Wenn Kolumbus gleichwohl bis heute als maßgeblicher europäischer Entdecker Amerikas gilt, ist dies darauf zurückzuführen, dass erst seine Reisen zu dauerhafter Kolonisierung durch Menschen anderer Kontinente in geschichtlicher Zeit führten.
___________________________
Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo;[a] c. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa, under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World.
At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice tradewith Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named "San Salvador". Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile.
Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century, but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted several centuries. These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world. He spearheaded the transatlantic slave tradeand has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion.
Columbus never admitted that he had reached a continent previously unknown to Europeans, rather than the East Indies for which he had set course. He called the inhabitants of the lands that he visited indios (Spanish for "Indians"). His strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.