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THE ACKNOWLEDGED DOCKING MODULES IN THE RUSSIAN ORBITAL SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (July 2011-June 2017) -
THE ACKNOWLEDGED DOCKING MODULES IN THE RUSSIAN ORBITAL SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (July 2011-June 2017) -
The acknowledged docking modules provide a lifeline for the operational requirements of the International Space Station (ISS). They provide a port of entrance and exit for the members of a visiting crew;* the cargo supplies used for their personnel provisions; the cargo supplies used for the ISS’s operational maintenance requirements; and the cargo supplies for the scientific equipment used in research. Every spacecraft that visits the ISS docks with the station’s docking modules to provide a solid transport hub for the new members of the visiting crew and the cargo of supply containers. The new crew members and cargo move from a visiting transport module to an ISS transfer storage module without leaving a pressurised conditioned environment; to exit the ISS the reverse takes place. Nevertheless always, there is a pressurised conditioned environment established between the ISS and the visiting transport vehicle. The pressurised conditions allow the crew members and cargo supplies to coexist in an atmosphere environment like that found on Earth.
The ISS (International Space Station) programme is a collaborative project between five participating Space Agencies: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration - United States) Roscosmos (Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities - Russia) JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - Japan) ESA (European Space Agency - Europe) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency - Canada). The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which the crew members conduct experiments in biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The station is divided in two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) which is operated by Russia and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) which is shared by the remaining nations. The US segment has been funded until 2025. Similarly, Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of the ISS through to 2025. Nevertheless, after this date it has proposed, using elements of the ROS to construct a new Russian space station in the late 2020s called the OPSEK (Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station.
* The ISS does not have permanent crew members. Every ‘Expedition’, by a team of new crew members, is regulated within a predetermined time frame. The expected terms of residence are no longer than six months. Similarly, the spacecraft used for crew rotations are governed by safety codes which provide a maximum ‘extended safe docking time’, with the ISS, of six months - the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) has visiting vehicle ‘berthing’ governed by safety codes which provide a maximum ‘extended safe docking time’, with the ISS, of ‘three months’ or less. Ideally, however, the ISS is not left without a crew.
Source and reference URLs (images used: pictures 1). - 5)., are indexed from left to right. 5)., is seen on the lower left) :
Bing.com - www.bing.com/news/search?q=ISS%2c+Space&qpvt=iss%2c+s... | b. Asianage.com - (robot ‘FEDOR - SkybotF850’ travelled to ISS in Soyuz MS-14/2019 docked to Poisk module-24th August ‘aborted’/Zvezda module-27th August-6th September) - asianage.com/world/asia/070919/russian-robot-fedor-leaves... | c. (Press photographs of robot ‘FEDOR - SkybotF850’ on ISS and before) - www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7430645/Fedor-six...
Leonardo Company.com - www.leonardocompany.com/en/news-and-stories-detail/-/deta...
NASA.gov - www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html | b. www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/facts/index... | c. spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-135/html/... | d. spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings/ | e. spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings/view.cfm?country=United... | f. www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/iss_ustream.html
Ustream.tv - www.ustream.tv/channel/live-iss-stream
Wikipedia.org - (File: Orlan space suit) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlan_space_suit |b. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_architecture#International_Sp...
1). Wikipedia.org - (19th July 2011 - Expeditions 27-28 : the layout of the ‘total’ Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station (ISS) overlaid in English and Russian; presented with the location of the acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and displayed with Russian Progress (Progress M//2008 - an ‘expendable cargo spacecraft’ used without a crew) and Soyuz TMA spacecraft ‘crew ship’ docked with the acknowledged docking modules;** and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) Leonardo module - ‘Leonardo (PMM)’ Permanent Multipurpose Module - attached to the Unity Node 1 module - Leonardo-Unity Node 1/2011-2015) in the centre-right of the photograph) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 1) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Russian_Orbital_Segment.png | c. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment
Spaceflight.nasa.gov - (Photograph of 19th July 2011) - spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-135/html/...
2). Wikipedia.org - (a Soyuz TMA//2003 (‘Soyuz TMA-7/2005’ - Expedition 12 - docked to the Pirs/2005, the Zarya/2005-2006 and the Zvezda/2006 modules) arrives at the ISS. It was docked with the Zvezda module (in 2006). It also spent time docked with the Pirs module (in 2005) and the Zarya module (in 2005-2006) -- ) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 2) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_approach.jpg
3). Wikipedia.org - (The configuration of the International Space Station (June 2017) : the components of the ISS in an exploded diagram with the modules in-orbit highlighted in orange and white. Those still awaiting launch are in blue and pink. The acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) have been circled and inked in black. Also, indicated are the Node modules 1 and 3 for the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) Leonardo module - ‘Leonardo (PMM)’ Permanent Multipurpose Module - attached to the Unity Node 1 module - Leonardo-Unity Node 1/2011-2015; and as then attached to the Tranquillity Node 3 module - Leonardo-Tranquillity Node 3/2015-present) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station | b. (image used: picture 3) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS_configuration_2017-06_en.svg
4). Wikipedia.org - (A photograph taken by the Russian cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO (not seen here, during an EVA - Extravehicular activity - a ‘spacewalk’) of the Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov operating the manual ‘Strela’ (crane) holding him. Cosmonaut Sergey Volkov is standing on the Pirs module and has his back to a Soyuz TMA//2003 (‘Soyuz TMA-12/2008’ - Expedition 17 - docked to the Pirs module/2008) spacecraft. The Zarya module is to the left and the Zvezda module is to the lower right of the photograph) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirs_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 4) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirs_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Iss017e011097.jpg
5). Wilipedia.org - (Russian cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO during an EVA (Extravehicular activity - a ‘spacewalk’) to examine the external hull of a Soyuz MS//2016 (‘Soyuz MS-09/2018’ - Expedition 57 - docked to the Rassvet module/2018) spacecraft standing on a manual ‘Strela’ (crane) on 11th December 2018. Cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO worked outside on the International Space Station (ISS) when it was over 250 miles above the Earth, to inspect the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft. During the spacewalk he and the Russian cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev, examined the external hull of the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft ‘crew ship’ docked to the Rassvet module; the area examined corresponded with the location of a small hole inside the Soyuz MS/2018’s habitation module that was found in the August of 2018 which had caused a decrease in the space station’s pressure. The hole was fixed internally with a sealant within hours of its detection. However, following the event during a spacewalk cosmonauts KONONENKO and Prokopyev collected samples of some of the sealant that had extruded through the hole to the outer hull of the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft ‘module’ before returning and closing the hatch, via the Pirs module docking compartment, having completed a seven-hour and 45-minute spacewalk) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko | b. (image used: picture 5, lower left) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko#/media/File:ISS-57_EVA_(b)_Oleg_Kononenko.jpg
** 1). 19th July 2011 - Expeditions 27-28 : the layout of the ‘total’ Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station (ISS) overlaid in English and Russian; presented with the location of the acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and displayed with Russian Progress and Soyuz spacecraft (details of the visiting spacecraft):
The Pirs module docking - attached to by Progress M-10M - 29th April 2011 - 29th October 2011
The Poisk module docking- attached to by Soyuz TMA-21 - Expedition 27 - 6th April 2011 - 16th September 2011
The Unity Node 1 module docking (USOS) - attached to by Leonardo (MMP) 1st March 2011 - 27th May 2015
The Zarya-Rassvet/2010 module docking - attached to by Soyuz TMA-02M - Expedition 28 - 9th June 2011 - 21st November 2011
The Zvezda module docking- attached to by Progress M-11M - 23rd June 2011 - 23rd August 2011
TEXT END - SEPTEMBER 2019
THE ACKNOWLEDGED DOCKING MODULES IN THE RUSSIAN ORBITAL SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (July 2011-June 2017) -
THE ACKNOWLEDGED DOCKING MODULES IN THE RUSSIAN ORBITAL SEGMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (July 2011-June 2017) -
The acknowledged docking modules provide a lifeline for the operational requirements of the International Space Station (ISS). They provide a port of entrance and exit for the members of a visiting crew;* the cargo supplies used for their personnel provisions; the cargo supplies used for the ISS’s operational maintenance requirements; and the cargo supplies for the scientific equipment used in research. Every spacecraft that visits the ISS docks with the station’s docking modules to provide a solid transport hub for the new members of the visiting crew and the cargo of supply containers. The new crew members and cargo move from a visiting transport module to an ISS transfer storage module without leaving a pressurised conditioned environment; to exit the ISS the reverse takes place. Nevertheless always, there is a pressurised conditioned environment established between the ISS and the visiting transport vehicle. The pressurised conditions allow the crew members and cargo supplies to coexist in an atmosphere environment like that found on Earth.
The ISS (International Space Station) programme is a collaborative project between five participating Space Agencies: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration - United States) Roscosmos (Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities - Russia) JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - Japan) ESA (European Space Agency - Europe) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency - Canada). The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which the crew members conduct experiments in biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The station is divided in two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) which is operated by Russia and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) which is shared by the remaining nations. The US segment has been funded until 2025. Similarly, Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of the ISS through to 2025. Nevertheless, after this date it has proposed, using elements of the ROS to construct a new Russian space station in the late 2020s called the OPSEK (Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station.
* The ISS does not have permanent crew members. Every ‘Expedition’, by a team of new crew members, is regulated within a predetermined time frame. The expected terms of residence are no longer than six months. Similarly, the spacecraft used for crew rotations are governed by safety codes which provide a maximum ‘extended safe docking time’, with the ISS, of six months - the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) has visiting vehicle ‘berthing’ governed by safety codes which provide a maximum ‘extended safe docking time’, with the ISS, of ‘three months’ or less. Ideally, however, the ISS is not left without a crew.
Source and reference URLs (images used: pictures 1). - 5)., are indexed from left to right. 5)., is seen on the lower left) :
Bing.com - www.bing.com/news/search?q=ISS%2c+Space&qpvt=iss%2c+s... | b. Asianage.com - (robot ‘FEDOR - SkybotF850’ travelled to ISS in Soyuz MS-14/2019 docked to Poisk module-24th August ‘aborted’/Zvezda module-27th August-6th September) - asianage.com/world/asia/070919/russian-robot-fedor-leaves... | c. (Press photographs of robot ‘FEDOR - SkybotF850’ on ISS and before) - www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7430645/Fedor-six...
Leonardo Company.com - www.leonardocompany.com/en/news-and-stories-detail/-/deta...
NASA.gov - www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html | b. www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/facts/index... | c. spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-135/html/... | d. spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings/ | e. spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings/view.cfm?country=United... | f. www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/iss_ustream.html
Ustream.tv - www.ustream.tv/channel/live-iss-stream
Wikipedia.org - (File: Orlan space suit) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlan_space_suit |b. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_architecture#International_Sp...
1). Wikipedia.org - (19th July 2011 - Expeditions 27-28 : the layout of the ‘total’ Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station (ISS) overlaid in English and Russian; presented with the location of the acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and displayed with Russian Progress (Progress M//2008 - an ‘expendable cargo spacecraft’ used without a crew) and Soyuz TMA spacecraft ‘crew ship’ docked with the acknowledged docking modules;** and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) Leonardo module - ‘Leonardo (PMM)’ Permanent Multipurpose Module - attached to the Unity Node 1 module - Leonardo-Unity Node 1/2011-2015) in the centre-right of the photograph) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 1) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Russian_Orbital_Segment.png | c. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment
Spaceflight.nasa.gov - (Photograph of 19th July 2011) - spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-135/html/...
2). Wikipedia.org - (a Soyuz TMA//2003 (‘Soyuz TMA-7/2005’ - Expedition 12 - docked to the Pirs/2005, the Zarya/2005-2006 and the Zvezda/2006 modules) arrives at the ISS. It was docked with the Zvezda module (in 2006). It also spent time docked with the Pirs module (in 2005) and the Zarya module (in 2005-2006) -- ) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 2) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezda_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_approach.jpg
3). Wikipedia.org - (The configuration of the International Space Station (June 2017) : the components of the ISS in an exploded diagram with the modules in-orbit highlighted in orange and white. Those still awaiting launch are in blue and pink. The acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) have been circled and inked in black. Also, indicated are the Node modules 1 and 3 for the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) Leonardo module - ‘Leonardo (PMM)’ Permanent Multipurpose Module - attached to the Unity Node 1 module - Leonardo-Unity Node 1/2011-2015; and as then attached to the Tranquillity Node 3 module - Leonardo-Tranquillity Node 3/2015-present) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station | b. (image used: picture 3) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS_configuration_2017-06_en.svg
4). Wikipedia.org - (A photograph taken by the Russian cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO (not seen here, during an EVA - Extravehicular activity - a ‘spacewalk’) of the Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov operating the manual ‘Strela’ (crane) holding him. Cosmonaut Sergey Volkov is standing on the Pirs module and has his back to a Soyuz TMA//2003 (‘Soyuz TMA-12/2008’ - Expedition 17 - docked to the Pirs module/2008) spacecraft. The Zarya module is to the left and the Zvezda module is to the lower right of the photograph) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirs_(ISS_module) | b. (image used: picture 4) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirs_(ISS_module)#/media/File:Iss017e011097.jpg
5). Wilipedia.org - (Russian cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO during an EVA (Extravehicular activity - a ‘spacewalk’) to examine the external hull of a Soyuz MS//2016 (‘Soyuz MS-09/2018’ - Expedition 57 - docked to the Rassvet module/2018) spacecraft standing on a manual ‘Strela’ (crane) on 11th December 2018. Cosmonaut OLEG KONONENKO worked outside on the International Space Station (ISS) when it was over 250 miles above the Earth, to inspect the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft. During the spacewalk he and the Russian cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev, examined the external hull of the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft ‘crew ship’ docked to the Rassvet module; the area examined corresponded with the location of a small hole inside the Soyuz MS/2018’s habitation module that was found in the August of 2018 which had caused a decrease in the space station’s pressure. The hole was fixed internally with a sealant within hours of its detection. However, following the event during a spacewalk cosmonauts KONONENKO and Prokopyev collected samples of some of the sealant that had extruded through the hole to the outer hull of the Soyuz MS/2018 spacecraft ‘module’ before returning and closing the hatch, via the Pirs module docking compartment, having completed a seven-hour and 45-minute spacewalk) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko | b. (image used: picture 5, lower left) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Kononenko#/media/File:ISS-57_EVA_(b)_Oleg_Kononenko.jpg
** 1). 19th July 2011 - Expeditions 27-28 : the layout of the ‘total’ Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the International Space Station (ISS) overlaid in English and Russian; presented with the location of the acknowledged docking modules in the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and displayed with Russian Progress and Soyuz spacecraft (details of the visiting spacecraft):
The Pirs module docking - attached to by Progress M-10M - 29th April 2011 - 29th October 2011
The Poisk module docking- attached to by Soyuz TMA-21 - Expedition 27 - 6th April 2011 - 16th September 2011
The Unity Node 1 module docking (USOS) - attached to by Leonardo (MMP) 1st March 2011 - 27th May 2015
The Zarya-Rassvet/2010 module docking - attached to by Soyuz TMA-02M - Expedition 28 - 9th June 2011 - 21st November 2011
The Zvezda module docking- attached to by Progress M-11M - 23rd June 2011 - 23rd August 2011
TEXT END - SEPTEMBER 2019