Ural-375D 6x6 with Tropospheric Scatter Communication System, IWM Duxford.

The Ural-375 is a General Purpose 4.5 ton 6x6 Truck, which has been produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in the Russian SFSR since 1961. The Ural-375 replaced the ZIL-157 as the standard Soviet Army truck in 1979. It was itself replaced by the Ural-4320. The Ural-375 was used, for example, as a platform for the BM-21 Grad Rocket Launcher, Troop Carrier, and as a Supply Carrier. The Ural-375 comes in a variety of models, the list is very exhaustive:

 

▪︎Ural-375 - Base model, it has a canvas roof, and no steel cabin.

▪︎Ural-375A - The same but has a slightly longer chassis.

▪︎Ural-375D - The most produced 375, which has a proper all-steel cabin.

▪︎Ural-375E KET-L - Recovery Vehicle equipped with a front-mounted and a rear-mounted winch along with a jib crane.

▪︎Ural-375S - 6x6 Tractor Unit.

▪︎Ural-377 - A 6x4 civilian truck.

▪︎Ural-377S - 6x4 Tractor Unit

▪︎Ural-375DM - Modernized version of the Ural-375D, built at least until 1991.

 

General characteristics:

 

▪︎Manufacturer: Ural Automobile Plant, Miass

▪︎Production: 1961 to 1964 (Ural-375) / 1964 to 1983 (Ural-375D) / 1982 to -1991 (Ural-375DM)

▪︎Production End: 1993

▪︎Powerplant: ZIL-375Ya 7.0 litre V8 petrol (carburetor) pushrod engine, 174hp

▪︎Transmission: 5-speed manual + 2-speed transfer case

▪︎Length: 24ft 1in) / Width: 9ft 8.5in / Height: 9ft 9in (with tarpaulin)

▪︎Curb Weight: 8.3 tons

▪︎Predecessor: Ural-355M

▪︎Successor: Ural-4320

▪︎Crew: 3 or more

▪︎Payload: 4.7 tons

▪︎Maximum Permissible Mass: 13 tons

▪︎Suspension: Live beam axles, leaf springs

▪︎Gearbox: 5x2 speed gearbox

▪︎Maximum Speed: 47 mph

▪︎Brakes: Pneumatic drum brakes

▪︎Fording depth: 4ft 11in

▪︎Ground Clearance: 1ft 3in

▪︎Fuel Capacity: tank: 65 gallons + 13 gallons

▪︎Fuel Economy: 4.7 to 5.2 mpg.

 

 

Tropospheric Scatter, also known as ''Troposcatter'' is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances, 310 miles and further depending on frequency of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at UHF and SHF frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere. Radio signals are transmitted in a narrow beam aimed just above the horizon in the direction of the receiver station. As the signals pass through the troposphere, some of the energy is scattered back toward the Earth, allowing the receiver station to pick up the signal.

 

Normally, signals in the microwave frequency range travel in straight lines, and so are limited to line-of-sight applications, in which the receiver can be 'seen' by the transmitter. Communication distances are limited by the visual horizon to around 30 to 40 miles. Troposcatter allows microwave communication beyond the horizon. It was developed in the 1950's and used for military communications until communications satellites largely replaced it in the 1970's. Because the troposphere is turbulent and has a high proportion of moisture, the tropospheric scatter radio signals are refracted and consequently only a tiny proportion of the transmitted radio energy is collected by the receiving antennas. Frequencies of transmission around 2 GHz are best suited for tropospheric scatter systems as at this frequency the wavelength of the signal interacts well with the moist, turbulent areas of the troposphere, improving signal-to-noise ratios.

 

 

Sourced from:

 

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric_scatter

 

Sourced from en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural-375

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