Amsterdam - Rijksmuseum

Rembrandt - De vaandeldrager

 

The Standard Bearer

 

Der Fähnrich

 

The Rijksmuseum (Dutch: [ˈrɛiksmyˌzeːjʏm] is the national museum of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch arts and history and is located in Amsterdam. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough of Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, and the Concertgebouw.

 

The Rijksmuseum was founded in The Hague on 19 November 1798 and moved to Amsterdam in 1808, where it was first located in the Royal Palace and later in the Trippenhuis. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and first opened in 1885. On 13 April 2013, after a ten-year renovation which cost €375 million, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands with record numbers of 2.2 million and 2.47 million visitors. It is also the largest art museum in the country.

 

The museum has on display 8,000 objects of art and history, from their total collection of 1 million objects from the years 1200–2000, among which are some masterpieces by Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Johannes Vermeer. The museum also has a small Asian collection, which is on display in the Asian pavilion.

 

History

 

The collection of the Rijksmuseum was built over a period of 200 years and did not originate from a royal collection incorporated into a national museum. Its origins were modest, with its collection fitting into five rooms at the Huis ten Bosch palace in The Hague. Although the seventeenth century was beginning to be recognized as the key period in Dutch art, the museum did not then hold paintings by Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer, or Jacob van Ruisdael. The collection was built up by purchase and donation. Napoleon had carried off the stadholder's collection to Paris; the paintings were returned to The Netherlands in 1815 but housed in the Mauritshuis in The Hague rather than the Rijksmuseum. With the founding of the Rijksmuseum in 1885, holdings from other entities were brought together to establish the Rijksmuseum's major collections.

 

18th century

 

In 1795, the Batavian Republic was proclaimed; its Minister of Finance Isaac Gogel argued that a national museum, following the French example of The Louvre, would serve the national interest. On 19 November 1798, the government decided to found the museum.

 

19th century

 

On 31 May 1800, the National Art Gallery (Dutch: Nationale Kunst-Galerij), precursor of the Rijksmuseum, opened in Huis ten Bosch in The Hague. The museum exhibited around 200 paintings and historic objects from the collections of the Dutch stadtholders. In 1805, the National Art Gallery moved within The Hague to the Prince William V Gallery, on the Buitenhof. In 1806, the Kingdom of Holland was established by Napoleon Bonaparte. On the orders of king Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, the museum moved to Amsterdam in 1808. Paintings owned by that city, such as The Night Watch by Rembrandt, became part of the collection. In 1809, the museum opened in the Royal Palace in Amsterdam.

 

In 1817, the museum moved to the Trippenhuis. The Trippenhuis turned out to be unsuitable as a museum. In 1820, the historical objects were moved to the Mauritshuis in The Hague and in 1838, the 19th-century paintings "of living masters" were moved to King Louis Bonaparte's former summer palace Paviljoen Welgelegen in Haarlem.

 

In 1863, there was a design contest for a new building for the Rijksmuseum, but none of the submissions was considered to be of sufficient quality. Pierre Cuypers also participated in the contest and his submission reached the second place.

 

In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. The design was a combination of gothic and renaissance elements. The construction began on 1 October 1876. On both the inside and the outside, the building was richly decorated with references to Dutch art history. Another contest was held for these decorations. The winners were B. van Hove and Frantz Vermeylen for the sculptures, Georg Sturm for the tile panels and painting and W.F. Dixon for the stained glass. The museum was opened at its new location on 13 July 1885.

 

In 1890, a new building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. As the building was made out of fragments of demolished buildings, the building offers an overview of the history of Dutch architecture and has come to be known informally as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded the Philips Wing.

 

20th century

 

In 1906, the hall for The Night Watch was rebuilt.[17] In the interior more changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s – most multi-coloured wall decorations were painted over. In the 1960s exposition rooms and several floors were built into the two courtyards. The building had some minor renovations and restorations in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.

 

A renovation of the south wing of the museum, also known as the 'fragment building' or 'Philips Wing', was completed in 1996, the same year that the museum held its first major photography exhibition featuring its extensive collection of 19th-century photos.

 

21st century

 

In December 2003, the main building of the museum closed for a major renovation. During this renovation, about 400 objects from the collection were on display in the 'fragment building', including Rembrandt's The Night Watch and other 17th-century masterpieces.

 

The restoration and renovation of the Rijksmuseum are based on a design by Spanish architects Antonio Cruz and Antonio Ortiz. Many of the old interior decorations were restored and the floors in the courtyards were removed. The renovation would have initially taken five years, but was delayed and eventually took almost ten years to complete. The renovation cost €375 million.

 

The reconstruction of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013, the museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. The Night Watch returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century.

 

Building

 

The building of the Rijksmuseum was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It consists of two squares with an atrium in each centre. In the central axis is a tunnel with the entrances at ground level and the Gallery of Honour at the first floor. The building also contains a library. The fragment building, branded Philips wing, contains building fragments that show the history of architecture in the Netherlands. The Rijksmuseum is a rijksmonument (national heritage site) since 1970 and was listed in the Top 100 Dutch heritage sites in 1990. The Asian pavilion was designed by Cruz y Ortiz and opened in 2013.

 

According to Muriel Huisman, Project Architect for the Rijksmuseum's renovation, "Cruz y Ortiz always like to look for synergy between old and new, and we try not to explain things with our architecture". With the Rijks, "there’s no cut between old and new; we’ve tried to merge it. We did this by looking for materials that were true to the original building, resulting in a kind of silent architecture."

 

Collection

 

The collection of the Rijksmuseum consists of 1 million objects and is dedicated to arts, crafts, and history from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8,000 objects are currently on display in the museum.

 

The collection contains more than 2,000 paintings from the Dutch Golden Age by notable painters such as Jacob van Ruisdael, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Jan Steen, Rembrandt, and Rembrandt's pupils.

 

The museum also has a small Asian collection which is on display in the Asian pavilion.

 

Some of the more unusual items in the collection include the royal crest from the stern of HMS Royal Charles which was captured in the Raid on the Medway, the Hartog plate and the FK35 Bantam biplane.

 

In 2012, the museum made some 125,000 high-resolution images available for download via its Rijksstudio webplatform, with plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection of one million works is available, according to Taco Dibbits, director of collections. As of January 2021, the Rijksstudio hosts 700,000 works, available under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal license, essentially copyright-free and royalty-free.

 

Special exhibitions

 

Rembrandt

 

in 2019, to mark the 350th anniversary of the artist's death, the museum mounted an exhibition of all the works by Rembrandt in its collection. Consisting of 22 paintings, 60 drawings and over 300 prints, this was the first time they had all been exhibited together. Principal features were the marriage portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit along with the presentation of the Night Watch immediately before its planned restoration. The exhibition ran from February to June.

 

Slavery in the Dutch Empire

 

After previous temporary exhibitions on art historical themes, the Rijksmuseum in 2021 presented an exhibition on the history of slavery in the Dutch colonial empire, focusing on the more than 1.6 million people who were enslaved by Dutch slave traders. It covered trans-Atlantic slavery from the 17th to the 19th century in Suriname, Brazil and the Caribbean, as well as Dutch colonial slavery in South Africa and Asia, where the Dutch West India Company (WIC) and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) were engaged in slavery. Besides objects, such as a wooden block for locking slaves, paintings, archival documents, oral sources, poems and music, the exhibition also presented connections of the slavery system at home in the Netherlands. In the permanent collection, labels were added to 77 paintings and objects that had been seen as symbols of the country's wealth and power to indicate previously hidden links to slavery.

 

The exhibition was presented both physically in the museum from May to August 2021 and in an online version. It was complemented by audio tours and videos relating personal and real-life stories as well as an accompanying book titled Slavery.

 

Vermeer

 

From 10 February until June 2023 the Rijksmuseum began to exhibit the biggest collection of Vermeers ever, with 28 of the known 37 works on display. Curator Pieter Roelofs called it a "once in a lifetime" event. All time slot reservations were quickly sold out.

 

Number of visitors

 

The 20th-century visitor record of 1,412,000 was reached in the year 1975.

 

In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Rijksmuseum was annually visited by 0.9 to 1.3 million people. On 7 December 2003, the main building of the museum was closed for a renovation until 13 April 2013. In the preceding decade, the number of visitors had slightly decreased to 0.8 to 1.1 million people. The museum says after the renovation, the museum's capacity is 1.5 to 2.0 million visitors annually. Within eight months since the reopening in 2013, the museum was visited by 2 million people.

 

The museum had 2.2 million visitors in 2013 and reached an all-time record of 2.47 million visitors in 2014. The museum was the most visited museum in the Netherlands and the 19th most visited art museum in the world in 2013 and 2014.

 

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the closure of the museum from 15 December 2020, until 4 June 2021.

 

Library

 

The Rijksmuseum Research Library is part of the Rijksmuseum, and is the best and the largest public art history research library in The Netherlands.

 

Restaurant

 

Rijks, stylized as RIJKS®, is a restaurant with 140 seats in the Philips Wing. Joris Bijdendijk has been the chef de cuisine since the opening in 2014. The restaurant was awarded a Michelin star in 2017.

 

(Wikipedia)

 

The Standard Bearer is a three-quarter-length self-portrait by Rembrandt formerly in the Paris collection of Elie de Rothschild, and purchased by the Rijksmuseum for 175 million euros with assistance from the Dutch state and Vereniging Rembrandt in 2021. It was painted on the occasion of the artist's move from Leiden to Amsterdam and is seen as an important early work that "shows Rembrandt's ambition to paint a group portrait for the Amsterdam militia, at the time the most valued commission a painter could be awarded."

 

Rembrandt's flag bearer has several copies in oil, and later prints may be from such copies, but this painting nevertheless has a provenance reaching far into the 18th-century. It was documented as a self-portrait by Smith in 1836, who wrote:

 

Rembrandt in the character of a Standard-Bearer. His portly countenance, which is seen in nearly a front view, denotes him to have been about fifty years of age; a large hat, turned up at the side, and decked with feathers, covers his head, and a steel cuirass shields his breast: the remainder of his habiliments are suitably rich and appropriate. One hand grasps the staff of an unfurled banner, and the other is placed on his side. This splendidly-coloured picture is engraved by Lause, and also by G. Haid. From the collection of Chevalier Verhulst, M. le Boeuf and M. Robit. It was afterwards in the collection of his Majesty George IV., who exchanged it with M. Lafontaine for other pictures.

 

— Smith, 1836

 

Cornelis Hofstede de Groot agreed with him in 1914, but stopped short of calling it a self-portrait. He wrote:

 

270 A STANDARD-BEARER. Sm. 201, and Suppl. 23; Bode 300; Dut. 148; Wb. 313; B.-HdG. 206.

 

He stands in profile to the right, turning his face round and looking at the spectator. With his left hand he holds a large white banner on his shoulder; his right hand is on his hip. Over his brown curls he wears a slashed cap with a brown plume; his face is shaved, save for the long moustache. Over his yellowish-brown coat, trimmed with lace, he wears an iron gorget and a broad sash from which a sword hangs at his side. He has loose sleeves and a white collar and wrist-bands. Strong light from the left touches his back and his face and falls full on the banner. Life size, three-quarter length. The man has Rembrandt's features.

 

Signed on the right at foot, "Rembrandt 163-" the last figure, now illegible, was probably a 5; canvas, 50 by 42 inches [1,300 mm × 1,100 mm].

 

A copy is in the Cassel Gallery, 1903 catalogue, No. 251 (Wb. 53); it has been there since the 1749 inventory, and was etched by N. Mossoloff.

 

Another copy is in the collection of the late P. A. B. Widener, Philadelphia, 1908 catalogue, No. 242. Other copies were in the

 

Sales. J. F. Wolschot, Antwerp, September 1, 1817, No. 12.

 

Duke of Buckingham, Stowe, August 15, 1848, No. 415 (£54 : 12s., Wakeford Attree).

 

Etched by P. Louw, J. F. Clerck, G. Haid.

 

Mentioned by Vosmaer, pp. 340, 554; by Bode, p. 597; by Dutuit, p. 52; [by Michel, pp. 166-7, 169, 436].

 

Exhibited at the British Institution, London, 1819, No. 59, and 1836, No. 34.

 

Sales. L. van Heemskerk, Leyden, September 2, 1771, No. I (61 florins, Delfos); to judge from the price, this was one of the copies. G. F. J. de Verhulst, Brussels, August 16, 1779, No - 8o ( 354 florins or, according to other authorities, 1290 francs, Fouquet). Le Boeuf, Paris, 1782 (5300 francs). Robit, Paris, May 21, 1801, No. 117 of Bryan's catalogue (3095 francs, Lafontaine).

 

In the collection of George IV., King of England, who exchanged it with Lafontaine for other pictures.

 

In the possession of the London dealer Lafontaine. In the collection of Sir Simon H. Clarke, London.

 

In the collection of Lady Clarke, Oak Hill, 1836 (Sm., who valued it at 525).

 

Sale. Sir Simon Clarke, Bart., London, May 8, 1840 (840, Baron James de Rothschild, Paris).

 

In the collection of Baron Henry de Rothschild, Paris.

 

— Hofstede de Groot, 1914

 

2022 acquisition by the Netherlands

 

In 2019 the painting has been classified as a national treasure of France, so an export bar was in place for 30 months, while the Louvre tried to raise funds to buy the painting. The museum was unable to do so and waived its right of first refusal for purchase. In December 2021, the Dutch state announced its intention to buy the work for the national collection.

 

As result, the Rothschild family sold the painting to the Netherlands for €175 million in 2022. The Dutch government paid €150 million, while the Rembrandt Association and the Rijksmuseum contributed a total of €25 million. It was bought from the Rothschild family, who had owned it since 1844, via a trust located in the tax haven of the Cook Islands. The Standard Bearer is to tour every province in the Netherlands before going on display at the Rijksmuseum's Gallery of Honour.[8] It was acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic amid media coverage of failing income for the Netherlands' cultural sector. The painting was shown at the Rijksmuseum in 2019 and had attracted the museum's interest since France agreed to let the painting leave the country.

 

The painting toured the Netherlands in 2022 and 2023.

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Das Rijksmuseum Amsterdam [ˈrɛi̯ksmyˌzeːjʏm] (deutsch Reichsmuseum Amsterdam) ist ein niederländisches Nationalmuseum am Museumplein im Amsterdamer Stadtteil Oud-Zuid im Stadtbezirk Amsterdam-Zuid – es ist den Künsten, dem Handwerk und der Geschichte gewidmet. Dabei verwahrt es eine große Sammlung der Malerei aus dem Goldenen Zeitalter der Niederlande und eine umfassende Sammlung asiatischer Kunstobjekte sowie Artefakte zur niederländischen Geschichte. Mit ca. 8.000 gezeigten Exponaten wurde es zum Rijksmonument erklärt. 2015 wurde das Rijksmuseum als Europäisches Museum des Jahres ausgezeichnet.

 

2014 zählte es rund 2,2 Millionen Besucher.

 

Geschichte

 

Gründung

 

Das Museum wurde 1800 in Den Haag gegründet, um die Sammlungen der niederländischen Statthalter auszustellen. Die Gründung war von den französischen Vorbildern der Ära inspiriert. Das Museum war zunächst unter dem Namen Nationale Kunst-Gallerij (Nationale Kunstgalerie) bekannt. Die Einrichtung wurde schließlich auf Befehl des Königs Louis Bonaparte nach Amsterdam gebracht. Zu dieser Zeit gelangten auch die Gemälde der Stadt Amsterdam in die Sammlung; berühmtestes Beispiel ist Die Nachtwache von Rembrandt van Rijn (kurz Rembrandt genannt).

 

Gebäude von Pierre Cuypers

 

1863 wurde ein Architektur-Wettbewerb für ein neues Museumsgebäude ausgeschrieben, jedoch blieben die Entwürfe hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Der spätere Architekt Pierre Cuypers nahm ebenfalls an diesem Wettbewerb teil und erreichte damals mit seinem Werk nur den zweiten Platz. Der Entwurf war eine Kombination aus Gotik- und Renaissanceelementen. Die endgültige Auswahl und der Baubeginn zogen sich bis zum 1. Oktober 1876 hin. Das Gebäude erhielt sowohl von innen als auch von außen reiche Dekorationen, die sich an die niederländische Kunstgeschichte anlehnten. Sie waren in einem zusätzlichen Wettbewerb ausgewählt worden, der von B. van Hove und J. F. Vermeylen für die Skulpturen, Georg Sturm für die Malerei und W. F. Dixon für die Glasgestaltung gewonnen wurde.

 

Der Neubau wurde schließlich am 13. Juli 1885 eröffnet.

 

Die Front des Museums ist zur Stadhouderskade gerichtet. Die Rückseite weist in prominenter Lage zum Museumplein, an dem auch das Van Gogh Museum, das Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam und das Concertgebouw liegen.

 

1890 wurde der Neubau um ein Gebäude ergänzt, das aus abgerissenen historischen Bauten entstand. Die verwendeten Elemente geben einen Überblick über die niederländische Architekturgeschichte.

 

Fliesendekoration der Außenfassaden und Dekoration der Ehren- und Vorhalle

 

14 Fliesenpaneele von Villeroy & Boch auf der West-, Süd- und Ostfassade und 26 hochrechteckige Fliesenpaneele mit Herolden bedeutender niederländischer Kunststädte der Nordfassade und die Wandgemälde der Ehren- und Vorhalle gehen auf Entwürfe des österreichischen Dekorationsmalers Georg Sturm zurück. Die meisten der bunten Wandmalereien wurden zwischen 1903 und 1950 übermalten oder abgenommenen, u. a. 36 Szenen der Vorhalle. Bei der Renovierung 2003 bis 2013 wurden sie wiederhergestellt.

 

Renovierungen

 

Die Halle für die Nachtwache wurde 1906 erneuert. 1960 baute man die Ausstellungsräume und mehrere Flure zu zwei großen Räumen um. Das Gebäude selbst wurde 1984, 1995 und 1996 sowie 2000 kleineren Renovierungen und Restaurierungen unterzogen.

 

Von 2003 bis 2013 wurde das Museum nach Plänen der andalusischen Architekten Antonio Cruz und Antonio Ortiz erneut renoviert und teilweise entkernt. Viele der alten Innenraum-Dekore wurden dabei wiederhergestellt. Während dieser Maßnahmen waren nur Teile der Gemäldesammlung zugänglich. Die Ausstellung Die Meisterwerke befand sich in den bereits fertigen Räumen des heute „Philips-Flügel“ genannten Gebäudeteils. Die Renovierung sollte ursprünglich bereits 2008 beendet sein. Insbesondere Proteste von Radfahrern, deren Route in den Stadtteil Oud-Zuid über das Gelände verlief, führten zu umfangreichen Umplanungen und Bauverzögerungen. Statt der ursprünglich geplanten Radverkehrsroute um das Museum herum wurde eine Durchfahrt für Fußgänger und den Radverkehr in das Gebäude integriert.

 

Im Frühjahr 2013 wurde nach zehn Jahren die Renovierung und komplette Umgestaltung des Museums abgeschlossen. Die Wiedereröffnung durch Königin Beatrix – der letzte große öffentliche Auftritt der Monarchin vor ihrer für Ende April geplanten Abdankung – fand am 13. April 2013 statt.

 

Die Ausstellungsfläche von etwa 14.500 Quadratmetern wurde durch die Renovierung nicht erweitert.

 

Bibliothek

 

Das Reichsmuseum unterhält, wie viele andere Museen auch, eine eigene Bibliothek zu Forschungszwecken. Die Rijksmuseum Research Library ist die größte öffentliche Forschungsbibliothek zum Thema Kunstgeschichte in den Niederlanden. Der Webkatalog der Bibliothek umfasst derzeit etwa 140.000 Monografien, 3.200 Fachzeitschriften und 20.000 Kunstverkaufskataloge.

 

Mit dem Beginn der Renovierungen 2003 befand sich die Bibliothek in der Frans van Mierisstraat 92, ist jetzt aber wieder im Hauptgebäude des Museums untergebracht.

 

Die Sammlungen

 

Die Sammlungen umfassen neben der Malerei und Kunst der Niederlande die niederländische Geschichte, die Kolonialgeschichte der Niederlande und die Kunst in den Kolonialgebieten. Eine Besonderheit stellt der Saal der Marinemodelle (Marinemodellenkamer) mit ungefähr 1600 Objekten dar. Etwa 1 Million Objekte befinden sich im Besitz des Museums, davon werden 8000 ausgestellt.

 

Gemälde

 

Zur Sammlung der Malerei gehören unter anderem Arbeiten von Jacob van Ruysdael, Frans Hals, Jan Vermeer, Jan Steen, Rembrandt van Rijn und Rembrandts Schülern.

 

Rembrandt

 

Die Sammlung umfasst folgende Gemälde von Rembrandt van Rijn:

 

Die Nachtwache

Die Vorsteher der Tuchmacherzunft

Die Judenbraut

Apostel Petrus verleugnet Christus

Jeremia beklagt die Zerstörung Jerusalems

Saskia mit Schleier

Titus als Mönch

Selbstporträt als Apostel Paulus

Tobias und Anna mit der Ziege

 

Jan Vermeer

 

Zu Jan Vermeer finden sich folgende Gemälde im Rijksmuseum Amsterdam:

 

Dienstmagd mit Milchkrug

Der Liebesbrief

Briefleserin in Blau

Die kleine Straße

 

Frans Hals

 

Von Frans Hals befinden sich diese Gemälde in der Sammlung:

 

Porträt eines jungen Paares

Die Kompanie des Reynier Real

Der fröhliche Trinker

Porträt des Lucas De Clercq

Porträt des Nicolaes Hasselaer

 

Jan Steen

 

Vom Maler Jan Steen sind die folgenden Gemälde in der Sammlung vorhanden:

 

Das Nikolausfest

Das betrunkene Paar

Die Morgen-Toilette

Adolf und Catharina Croeser

Arent Oostwaard und seine Frau

Kinder, die eine Katze lehren, zu tanzen

 

Radierungen

 

Die drei Kreuze von Rembrandt van Rijn

 

Ausstellungen

 

Vom 10. Februar bis 4. Juni 2023 zeigte das Rijksmuseum die Ausstellung Vermeer, die bisher größte Sonderausstellung zum Werk von Johannes Vermeer. Mit rund 650.000 Besuchern war es die bisher meistbesuchte Sonderausstellung des Museums. 2015 kamen mehr als 520.000 Besucher in die Ausstellung Late Rembrandt, in der das Spätwerk von Rembrandt van Rijn thematisiert wurde. Bereits 1969 hatte Rembrandt mehr als 460.000 Besucher angezogen, als eine Retrospektive zu seinem 300. Todesjahr zu sehen war. Auch Jan Steen erwies sich als Publikumsmagnet. 1996 sahen 355.000 Interessierte eine Werkschau des Künstlers.

 

Außenstellen

 

Schiphol

 

Das Rijksmuseum unterhält eine kleine Außenstelle in einem Terminal von Schiphol. Der Eintritt ist frei. Sie wurde am 9. Dezember 2002 vom damaligen Prinzen Willem-Alexander – dem heutigen König – eröffnet. Passagiere, welche die Passkontrolle passiert haben, können hier eine kleine, stets wechselnde Ausstellung besichtigen. Der Flughafen Schiphol ist damit der erste Flughafen mit einer solchen Museumsaußenstelle.

 

Huis Trompenburgh

 

Am 1. September 2006 übernahm das Rijksmuseum die Ausstattung und Verwaltung von Huis Trompenburgh. Neben kleinen Ausstellungen kann das Haus für Konferenzen genutzt werden.

 

(Wikipedia)

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