France / Provence / Côte d’Azur - Saint-Tropez

Frankreich / Provence / Côte d’Azur - Saint-Tropez

 

Saint-Tropez (/ˌsæn troʊˈpeɪ, - trəˈ-/ SAN troh-PAY, - trə-, French: [sɛ̃ tʁɔpe]; Provençal: Sant Tropetz [san(t) tʀuˈpes]) is a commune in the Var department and the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It is 68 kilometres (42 miles) west of Nice and 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of Marseille, on the French Riviera, of which it is one of the best-known towns. In 2018, Saint-Tropez had a population of 4,103. The adjacent narrow body of water is the Gulf of Saint-Tropez (French: Golfe de Saint-Tropez), stretching to Sainte-Maxime to the north under the Massif des Maures.

 

Saint-Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on its coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé-yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists.

 

History

 

In 599 BC, the Phocaeans from Ionia founded Massilia (present-day Marseille) and established other coastal mooring sites in the area. Through the writings of Roman historian and military commander Pliny the Elder, it was found that Saint-Tropez was known in ancient times as Athenopolis and that it belonged to the Massilians. In 31 BC, the Romans invaded the region. Their citizens built many opulent villas in the area, including one known as the "Villa des Platanes" (Villa of the Plane Trees). The closest settlement to Saint-Tropez in antiquity is attested as Heraclea-Caccabaria, today Cavalaire-sur-Mer, situated on the southern end of the peninsula, while the gulf of Saint-Tropez was called sinus Sambracitanus, which likely survives in the settlement name of Les Issambres.

 

The town owes its current name to the early Christian martyr Saint Torpes. Legend tells of his decapitation at Pisa during Nero's reign, with his body placed in a rotten boat along with a rooster and a dog. The body purportedly landed at the present-day location of the town of Saint-Tropez.

 

Toward the end of the ninth century, long after the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, pirates and privateers began a hundred years of attacks and sackings. In the tenth century, the village of La Garde-Freinet was founded 15 km (9 mi) to the north of Saint-Tropez. From 890 to 972, Saint-Tropez and its surroundings became an Arab Muslim colony dominated by the nearby Saracenic settlement of Fraxinet; in 940, Saint-Tropez was controlled by Nasr ibn Ahmad. From 961 to 963, Adalbert, son of Berengar, the pretender to the throne of Lombardy who was pursued by Otto I, hid at Saint-Tropez. In 972, the Muslims of Saint-Tropez held Maïeul, the abbot of Cluny, for ransom.

 

In 976, William I, Count of Provence, Lord of Grimaud, began attacking the Muslims, and in 980 he built a tower where the Suffren tower now stands. In 1079 and 1218, Papal bulls mentioned the existence of a manor at Saint-Tropez.

 

From 1436, Count René I (the "good King René") tried to repopulate Provence. He created the Barony of Grimaud and appealed to the Genoan Raphael de Garezzio, a wealthy gentleman who had sent a fleet of caravels carrying 60 Genoese families to the area. In return, Count René promised to exempt the citizens from taxation. On 14 February 1470, Jean de Cossa, Baron of Grimaud and Grand Seneschal of Provence, agreed that the Genoan could build city walls and two large towers, which still stand: one tower is at the end of the Grand Môle and the other is at the entrance to the Ponche.

 

The city became a small republic with its own fleet and army and was administered by two consuls and 12 elected councillors. In 1558, the city's captain Honorat Coste was empowered to protect the city. The captain led a militia and mercenaries who successfully resisted attacks by the Turks and Spanish, succored Fréjus and Antibes and helped the Archbishop of Bordeaux regain control of the Lérins Islands.

 

In 1577, the daughter of the Marquis Lord of Castellane, Genevieve de Castilla, married Jean-Baptiste de Suffren, Marquis de Saint-Cannet, Baron de La Môle, and advisor to the parliament of Provence. The lordship of Saint-Tropez became the prerogative of the De Suffren family. One of the most notable members of this family was the later vice-admiral Pierre André de Suffren de Saint-Tropez (1729–1788), veteran of the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War.

 

In September 1615, Saint-Tropez was visited by a delegation led by the Japanese samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga that was on its way to Rome but was forced by weather to stop in the town. This may have been the first contact between the French and the Japanese.

 

The local noblemen were responsible for raising an army that repulsed a fleet of Spanish galleons on 15 June 1637; Les Bravades des Espagnols, a local religious and military celebration, commemorates this victory of the Tropezian militia.[13] Count René's promise in 1436 to not tax the citizens of Saint-Tropez was honored until 1672, when Louis XIV abrogated it as he imposed French control.

 

The Gulf of Saint-Tropez was known as the Gulf of Grimaud until the end of the 19th century.

 

During the 1920s, Saint-Tropez attracted famous figures from the fashion world such as Coco Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli. During World War II, the landing on 15 August 1944 began the Allied invasion of southern France, Operation Dragoon. In the 1950s, Saint-Tropez became internationally renowned as the setting for such films as And God Created Woman, which starred French actress Brigitte Bardot.

 

In May 1965, an Aérospatiale Super Frelon pre-production aircraft crashed in the gulf, killing its pilot.

 

On 4 March 1970, the French submarine Eurydice, with its home port as Saint-Tropez, disappeared in the Mediterranean with 57 crew aboard after a mysterious explosion.

 

The motto of Saint-Tropez is Ad usque fidelis, Latin for "faithful to the end". After the Dark Age of plundering the French Riviera, Raphaël de Garesio landed in Saint-Tropez on 14 February 1470, with 22 men, simple peasants or sailors who had left the overcrowded Italian Riviera. They rebuilt and repopulated the area, and in exchange were granted by a representative of the "good king", Jean de Cossa, Baron of Grimaud and Seneschal of Provence, various privileges, including some previously reserved exclusively for lords, such as exemptions from taxes status and the right to bear arms. About ten years later, a great wall with towers stood watch to protect the new houses from sea and land attack; some 60 families formed the new community. On 19 July 1479, the new Home Act was signed, "the rebirth charter of Saint-Tropez".

 

Climate

 

Saint-Tropez has a hot-summer mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers, although daytime temperatures are somewhat moderated by its coastal position.

 

Economy

 

The main economic resource of Saint-Tropez is tourism. The city is well known for the Hôtel Byblos and for Les Caves du Roy, a member of the Leading Hotels of the World; its 1967 inauguration featuring Brigitte Bardot and Gunter Sachs was an international event.

 

Beaches

 

Tropezian beaches are located along the coast in the Baie de Pampelonne, which lies south of Saint-Tropez and east of Ramatuelle. Pampelonne offers a collection of beaches along its five-kilometre shore. Each beach is around 30 metres wide with its own beach hut and private or public tanning area.

 

Many of the beaches offer windsurfing, sailing and canoeing equipment for rent, while others offer motorized water sports, such as power boats, jet bikes, water skiing and scuba diving. Some of the beaches are naturist beaches. There are also many exclusive beach clubs that are popular among wealthy people from around the world.

 

Toplessness and nudity

 

Saint-Tropez's Tahiti Beach, which had been popularised in the film And God Created Woman featuring Brigitte Bardot, emerged as a clothing-optional destination, but the mayor of Saint-Tropez ordered police to ban toplessness and to watch over the beach via helicopter. The "clothing fights" between the gendarmerie and nudists become the main topic of a famous French comedy film series, Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez (The Troops of St. Tropez) featuring Louis de Funès. In the end, the nudist side prevailed. Topless sunbathing is now the norm for both men and women from Pampelonne beaches to yachts in the centre of Saint-Tropez port. The Tahiti beach is now clothing-optional, but nudists often head to private nudist beaches, such as that in Cap d'Agde.

 

Port

 

The port was widely used during the 18th century; in 1789 it was visited by 80 ships. Saint-Tropez's shipyards built tartanes and three-masted ships that could carry 1,000 to 12,200 barrels. The town was the site of various associated trades, including fishing, cork, wine and wood. The town had a school of hydrography. In 1860, the flagship of the merchant navy, named The Queen of the Angels (La Reine des Anges, a three-masted ship of 740 barrels capacity), was built at Saint-Tropez.

 

Its role as a commercial port declined, and it is now primarily a tourist spot and a base for many well-known sail regattas. There is fast boat transportation with Les Bateaux Verts to Sainte-Maxime on the other side of the bay and to Port Grimaud, Marines de Cogolin, Les Issambres and St-Aygulf.

 

Events

 

Les Bravades de Saint-Tropez

 

Les Bravades de Saint-Tropez is an annual celebration held in the middle of May when people of the town celebrate their patron saint, Torpes of Pisa, and their military achievements. One of the oldest traditions of Provence, it has been held for more than 450 years since the citizens of Saint-Tropez were first given special permission to form a militia to protect the town from the Barbary pirates. During the three-day celebration, the various militias in costumes of the time fire their muskets into the air at traditional stops, march to the sound of bands and parade St. Torpes's bust. The townspeople also attend a mass wearing traditional Provençal costume.

 

Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez

 

Each year, at the end of September, a regatta is held in the bay of Saint-Tropez (Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez). Many yachts are entered, some as long as 50 metres. Many tourists come to the location for this event, or as a stop on their trip to Cannes, Marseille or Nice.

 

Traditional dishes

 

The Tarte tropézienne is a traditional cake invented by a Polish confectioner who had set up shop in Saint-Tropez in the mid-1950s, and made famous by actress Brigitte Bardot.

 

Culture, education and sport

 

The town has health facilities, a cinema, a library, an outdoor center and a recreation center for youth.

 

Schools include: École maternelle (kindergarten – preschool) – l'Escouleto, écoles primaires (primary schools – primary education): Louis Blanc and Les Lauriers, collège d'enseignement secondaire (secondary school, high school – secondary education) – Moulin Blanc.

 

There are more than 1,000 students distributed among kindergartens, primary schools and one high school. In 2011, there were 275 students in high school and 51 people employed there, of whom 23 were teachers.

 

Art

 

Saint-Tropez plays a major role in the history of modern art. Paul Signac discovered this light-filled place that inspired painters such as Matisse, Pierre Bonnard and Albert Marquet to come to Saint-Tropez. The painting styles of pointillism and fauvism emerged in Saint-Tropez. Saint-Tropez was also attractive for the next generation of painters: Bernard Buffet, David Hockney, Massimo Campigli and Donald Sultan lived and worked there. Today, Stefan Szczesny continues this tradition.

 

The contemporary artist Philippe Shangti imagined the design of Le Quai and L'Opera, restaurants located on the port of Saint-Tropez where he also exhibits his art collections. Centered on a specific theme, he always denounces different problems affecting society with provocative artworks.

 

Famous persons connected with Saint-Tropez

 

The most famous persons connected with Saint-Tropez include the semi-legendary martyr who gave his name to the town, Saint Torpes of Pisa; Hasekura Tsunenaga, probably the first Japanese in Europe, who landed in Saint-Tropez in 1615; a hero of the American Revolutionary War, Admiral Pierre André de Suffren de Saint-Tropez; the icon of modern Saint-Tropez, Brigitte Bardot, who started the clothes-optional revolution and still lives in the Saint-Tropez area; Louis de Funès, who played the character of the gendarme (police officer) in the French comedy film series Le Gendarme de Saint-Tropez and also helped establish the international image of Saint-Tropez as both a quiet town and a modern jet-set holiday target.

 

In popular culture

 

The English rock band Pink Floyd wrote a song "San Tropez" after the town. Saint-Tropez was also mentioned in David Gates's 1978 hit "Took the Last Train", Kraftwerk's "Tour de France", Aerosmith's "Permanent Vacation", Taylor Swift's "The Man", and Beyoncé's "Energy". Rappers including Diddy, Jay-Z, 50 Cent, J. Cole, and Post Malone refer to the city in some of their songs as a favorite vacation destination, usually reached by yacht. DJ Antoine wrote a song "Welcome to St. Tropez". The Tony Award-winning Broadway musical La Cage aux Folles is set in a drag night club in St. Tropez. Furthermore, Bulgarian singer azis wrote a song named "Сен Тропе"(Sen Trope). Also, Romanian singer Florin Salam wrote the song (Saint Tropez). Saint Tropez was also mentioned in Army of Lovers' song "My Army of Lovers." Their song "La Plage De Saint Tropez" was also dedicated to this town.

 

List of media connected with Saint-Tropez

 

Non-exhaustive filmography

 

Saint-Tropez, devoir de vacances (short film, 1952)

Et Dieu... créa la femme (1956)

Bonjour Tristesse (1958)

Une fille pour l'été (1960)

Saint-Tropez Blues (1960)

Le Gendarme de Saint-Tropez (1964) and its sequels Le Gendarme à New York (1965), Le Gendarme se marie (1968), Le Gendarme en balade (1970), Le Gendarme et les Extra-terrestres (1979) and finally Le Gendarme et les Gendarmettes (1982)[49][50]

La Collectionneuse (1967)

La Chamade (1968)

Les Biches (1968)

La Piscine (1969)

Le Viager (1972)

La Cage aux Folles (1978)

Le Coup du parapluie (1980)

Le Beau Monde (1981)

Les Sous-doués en vacances (1981)

Trilogy by Max Pécas: Les Branchés à Saint-Tropez (1983), Deux enfoirés à Saint-Tropez (1986) and On se calme et on boit frais à Saint-Tropez (1987)

A Summer in St. Tropez (1984)

Le Facteur de Saint-Tropez (1985)

Les Randonneurs à Saint-Tropez (2008)

 

Television series

 

Sous le soleil, broadcast in over 100 countries by the name "Saint-Tropez"

Emily in Paris, an American-French romantic-comedy-drama had one episode in Saint-Tropez "Do You Know the Way to St. Tropez?"

 

Literature

 

Saint-Tropez, avec des lithographies originales by Bernard Buffet (1979)

Saint-Tropez d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, avec des photographies by Luc Fournol (1981) by Annabel Buffet

Les Lionnes by Saint-Tropez by Jacqueline Monsigny, 1989

La folle histoire et véridique histoire de Saint-Tropez by Yves Bigot, 1998

Sunset in St. Tropez by Danielle Steel, 2004

Rester normal à Saint-Tropez, strip cartoon by Frédéric Beigbeder, 2004

La Légende de Saint-Tropez by Henry-Jean Servat, preface by Brigitte Bardot, éditions Assouline, 2003

 

Paintings

 

Port of Saint-Tropez, Paul Signac (1899)

Port of Saint-Tropez, Henri Lebasque (before 1936)

A panoramic view of Saint-Tropez by Paul Leduc (1876–1943)

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Saint-Tropez [sɛ̃tʁɔpe] (provenzalisch Sant-Troupès) ist eine französische Gemeinde und ein kleiner Hafenort mit 3.586 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2022) an der Mittelmeerküste (Côte d’Azur) im Département Var in der Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Die Gemeinde gehört zum Kanton Sainte-Maxime im Arrondissement Draguignan.

 

Beschreibung

 

Saint-Tropez befindet sich am östlichen Fuß des Maurenmassivs, am Nordufer einer Halbinsel.

 

Das damalige Fischerdorf zog gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zahlreiche Künstler wie Paul Signac, Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard, Raoul Dufy, Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, Henri Manguin und andere an, deren Werke heute im Musée de l’Annonciade in der Nähe des Hafens ausgestellt sind. Der Schriftsteller Guy de Maupassant schrieb ein Tagebuch, das er 1888 unter dem Titel Sur l’eau veröffentlichte.

 

In der Zwischenkriegszeit waren Schriftsteller wie Kurt Tucholsky, Sybille Bedford, Colette und viele andere von der Schönheit des Ortes begeistert.

 

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erlebte Saint-Tropez einen weiteren Aufschwung. Es wurde zu einem Treffpunkt von Künstlern, Schriftstellern (Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Boris Vian und Françoise Sagan) und der Oberschicht.

 

Saint-Tropez ist berühmt für seinen großen Yachthafen und die Baie de Pampelonne, den größten Sandstrand der Côte d’Azur, der allerdings überwiegend auf dem Territorium der Nachbargemeinde Ramatuelle liegt. Viele prominente Europäer verbringen ihren Urlaub in Saint-Tropez, unter anderem in den – wiederum zu Ramatuelle gehörenden – Strandclubs Tahiti Plage, Club 55, Nikki Beach, Aqua Club, Bagatelle Beach und vielen weiteren. In Saint-Tropez gibt es zahlreiche gehobene Restaurants und Läden.

 

Die Ortschaft wird von einer 1602 bis 1607 gebauten Zitadelle (La Citadelle) mit Ausblick auf die Stadt überragt. Sie beherbergt ein Museum für Seefahrts- und Ortsgeschichte.

 

In Deutschland wurde Saint-Tropez in den 1950er- und 1960er-Jahren vor allem bekannt durch Gunter Sachs (1932–2011) und Brigitte Bardot (* 1934) sowie durch die Gendarmen-Filme (1964–1982) mit Louis de Funès. In der ehemaligen Polizeiwache, die Handlungsort der Gendarmerie-Filme war, gibt es seit 2016 ein Museum, das Musée de la Gendarmerie et du Cinéma de Saint-Tropez.

 

Geschichte

 

Saint-Tropez, benannt nach dem Heiligen Torpes, einem frühchristlichen Märtyrer, welcher im 1. Jahrhundert enthauptet wurde, war bis ins 20. Jahrhundert nur ein einfaches Fischerdörfchen. Die strategisch günstige Lage interessierte seit dem 8. Jahrhundert Herrscher und Machthaber. 1944 landeten alliierte Truppen im Laufe der Operation Dragoon bei Saint-Tropez. 1965 entstand am äußeren Ende der Bucht ein künstliches Mini-Venedig (Port Grimaud). Das Hinterland war früher viel stärker bewohnt als heute. Die Bauern zogen weg, weil sie mit der Landwirtschaft und den Touristen sehr schlecht verdienten.

 

Verkehr

 

Im Straßenverkehr sind im Juli und August tagsüber von etwa 10 bis 20 Uhr etwa zweistündige Verzögerungen die Regel. Saint-Tropez ist durch Personenfähren von Sainte-Maxime aus erreichbar. Die Busse der Varlib verbinden Saint-Tropez u. a. mit Saint-Raphaël und Toulon. Einen Bahnanschluss hat Saint-Tropez seit der Stilllegung der Schmalspurbahn Train des Pignes nicht mehr. 15 Kilometer südwestlich des Ortes liegt der Flughafen Saint-Tropez. Internationalen Anschluss hat Saint-Tropez primär durch den Flughafen Nizza Côte d’Azur, der etwa eineinhalb Stunden Autofahrt (ca. 105 Kilometer Fahrstrecke) entfernt liegt. Der Flughafen Marseille Provence ist in etwa einer Stunde und 45 Minuten (ca. 145 Kilometer Fahrstrecke) zu erreichen und der Flughafen Toulon-Hyères in nur einer Stunde.

 

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 

La Citadelle

 

Die Festung oberhalb der Stadt ist ein sechseckiger, wuchtiger Bau aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Hier befindet sich auch das Marinemuseum Musée de la Citadelle, in dem u. a. die Geschichte über den Ort und die Umgebung dokumentiert ist. Von der Plattform der Festungsanlage hat man einen imposanten Blick über Saint-Tropez und den Golf von Saint-Tropez.

 

Musée de l’Annonciade

 

In der ehemaligen Kapelle aus dem 16. Jahrhundert ist die Kunstsammlung des Industriellen Georges Grammont untergebracht.

 

Musée de la gendarmerie et du cinéma (seit 2016)

 

Place des Lices

 

Auf dem mit Platanen bestandenen Platz werden jeden Dienstag und Samstag provenzalische Spezialitäten angeboten. Zwischen den Markttagen bietet er die Möglichkeit, in Ruhe unter den Bäumen zu sitzen und den Boule-Spielern bei ihrem Zeitvertreib zuzusehen.

 

Hafen mit Môle Jean-Réveille

 

Direkt am historischen Ortskern liegen der Yachthafen und der alte Hafen. In den Sommermonaten ist hier ein mondäner Treffpunkt für die Wohlhabenden aus aller Welt.

 

Quartier de la Ponche

 

Maison des Papillons

 

Notre-Dame-de-l’Assomption de Saint-Tropez

 

Mitten in der Altstadt, umgeben von romantischen Gassen, steht die aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammende Kirche. Nach der zwischenzeitlichen Zerstörung wurde sie zwischen 1769 und 1784 neu aufgebaut. Lediglich der im Jahr 1694 erbaute Turm ist von dem ursprünglichen Bau übrig geblieben. Er leuchtet in Gelb und Ocker über der Stadt und ist ein unverkennbares Wahrzeichen des Ortes.

 

Cimetière Marin

 

pittoresker Friedhof mit Meerblick

 

Strände Canebiers und Pampelonne

 

Waldbrände

 

In den Sommermonaten kommt es in der ausgedörrten, mit Pinien bewachsenen Umgebung von Saint-Tropez entlang des Maurenmassivs seit Jahrhunderten immer wieder zu verheerenden Waldbränden. Bereits im Jahr 1271 wurde davon berichtet. Einwohner und Touristen werden gelegentlich vor den Flammen am Rand der Stadt evakuiert.

 

Kunst und Saint-Tropez

 

In der Geschichte der modernen Kunst spielt Saint-Tropez eine herausragende Rolle.

 

Paul Signac entdeckte diesen lichterfüllten Ort und holte Maler wie Matisse, Bonnard oder Marquet nach Saint-Tropez. Hier entwickelte sich die Malerei vom Pointillismus zum Fauvismus. Diese Entwicklung ist im Musée de l’Annonciade von Saint-Tropez eingehend dokumentiert. Alf Bayrle verbrachte zwischen 1928 und 1934 Monate in Saint-Tropez als Gast bei Madame Aude.

 

Pablo Picasso malte hier die Odalisque.

 

Auch für die nächste Generation blieb Saint-Tropez ein Anziehungspunkt. Bernard Buffet, Massimo Campigli, David Hockney lebten und arbeiteten in Saint-Tropez. Heute setzt der in Saint-Tropez lebende Maler Stefan Szczesny diese Tradition fort.

 

In den französischen Gelben Seiten sind in Saint-Tropez 14 Kunstgalerien verzeichnet.

 

Musik

 

Das Klischee von Saint-Tropez als Luxusurlaubsort der High Society hat zu einer Erwähnung des Ortes in zahlreichen Liedtexten geführt wie z. B. Welcome to St. Tropez von DJ Antoine. Auch in Partyschlagern und Raptexten wird Saint-Tropez genannt.

 

Veranstaltungen

 

Saint-Tropez ist Austragungsort des seit 2021 stattfindenden Tennisturniers Saint-Tropez Open.

 

Persönlichkeiten

 

Marcel Aubour (* 1940), Fußballspieler

Arthur Bauchet (* 2000), paralympischer Alpinskifahrer

Salim Ben Seghir (* 2003), Fußballspieler

 

Mit Saint-Tropez verbunden

 

Brigitte Bardot (* 1934), Schauspielerin, Sängerin, Model und Tierschützerin, lebt hier seit 1958

 

(Wikipedia)

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