London - Tower of London in front of the Skyline
Der Tower of London vor der Skyline
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public record office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of England. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of the monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century, the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.
The peak period of the castle's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Elizabeth Throckmorton, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase "sent to the Tower". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the 19th century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. In the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the Second World War, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired, and the castle reopened to the public. Today, the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, it is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.
(Wikipedia)
Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London ist ein befestigter Gebäudekomplex entlang der Themse am südöstlichen Ende der City of London. Die Ringburg mit zwei Festungsringen diente den englischen und britischen Königen unter anderem als Residenz, Waffenkammer, Werkstatt, Lager, Zoo, Garnison, Museum, Münzprägestätte, Gefängnis, Archiv und Hinrichtungsstätte. Seit 600 Jahren wird der Tower von Touristen besucht. Im Jahr 2011 war er mit mehr als 2,5 Millionen Besuchern die meistbesuchte kostenpflichtige Attraktion im Vereinigten Königreich.
Ursprünglich wurde der Tower im 11. Jahrhundert als Festung Wilhelms des Eroberers gegen die potentiell feindseligen Bürger der Stadt London errichtet. Bis zu Jakob I. nutzten alle englischen Könige den Tower zeitweilig zum Aufenthalt. Als Stützpunkt der britischen Monarchie im historischen Zentrum Londons ist der Tower eng mit der britischen Geschichte verbunden. Die Außenmauern und Türme des Towers wurden im Wesentlichen im Mittelalter errichtet. In den folgenden Jahrhunderten wurden zahlreiche An- und Umbauten innerhalb der Mauern durchgeführt. Im 19. Jahrhundert erfolgte eine Neugestaltung: Mauern und Türme wurden in neugotischem Stil neu errichtet, Gebäude innerhalb der Mauern abgerissen.
Heute beherbergt der Tower Ausstellungen über das Gebäude selbst und seine Geschichte, Teile der Sammlung der Royal Armouries, die britischen Kronjuwelen, das Hauptquartier und das Museum des Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, Wohnräume für die Yeoman Warders sowie Verwaltungs- und Büroräume. Aus dem Tower gingen das Board of Ordnance, die Royal Mint, der Ordnance Survey, das Royal Observatory, das Public Record Office und der London Zoo hervor. Der Tower ist Handlungsort zahlreicher Dramen und Romane von Shakespeare bis Edgar Wallace. Insbesondere Schriften und Historiengemälde des 19. Jahrhunderts betonen die Rolle als Gefängnis und trugen maßgeblich zur Rezeption des Towers als düsterem Kerker bei.
Die UNESCO erklärte den Tower 1988 zum Weltkulturerbe. Der Tower gehört der britischen Krone und wird von den Historic Royal Palaces verwaltet.
(Wikipedia)
London - Tower of London in front of the Skyline
Der Tower of London vor der Skyline
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public record office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of England. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of the monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century, the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.
The peak period of the castle's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Elizabeth Throckmorton, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase "sent to the Tower". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the 19th century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. In the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the Second World War, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired, and the castle reopened to the public. Today, the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, it is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.
(Wikipedia)
Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London ist ein befestigter Gebäudekomplex entlang der Themse am südöstlichen Ende der City of London. Die Ringburg mit zwei Festungsringen diente den englischen und britischen Königen unter anderem als Residenz, Waffenkammer, Werkstatt, Lager, Zoo, Garnison, Museum, Münzprägestätte, Gefängnis, Archiv und Hinrichtungsstätte. Seit 600 Jahren wird der Tower von Touristen besucht. Im Jahr 2011 war er mit mehr als 2,5 Millionen Besuchern die meistbesuchte kostenpflichtige Attraktion im Vereinigten Königreich.
Ursprünglich wurde der Tower im 11. Jahrhundert als Festung Wilhelms des Eroberers gegen die potentiell feindseligen Bürger der Stadt London errichtet. Bis zu Jakob I. nutzten alle englischen Könige den Tower zeitweilig zum Aufenthalt. Als Stützpunkt der britischen Monarchie im historischen Zentrum Londons ist der Tower eng mit der britischen Geschichte verbunden. Die Außenmauern und Türme des Towers wurden im Wesentlichen im Mittelalter errichtet. In den folgenden Jahrhunderten wurden zahlreiche An- und Umbauten innerhalb der Mauern durchgeführt. Im 19. Jahrhundert erfolgte eine Neugestaltung: Mauern und Türme wurden in neugotischem Stil neu errichtet, Gebäude innerhalb der Mauern abgerissen.
Heute beherbergt der Tower Ausstellungen über das Gebäude selbst und seine Geschichte, Teile der Sammlung der Royal Armouries, die britischen Kronjuwelen, das Hauptquartier und das Museum des Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, Wohnräume für die Yeoman Warders sowie Verwaltungs- und Büroräume. Aus dem Tower gingen das Board of Ordnance, die Royal Mint, der Ordnance Survey, das Royal Observatory, das Public Record Office und der London Zoo hervor. Der Tower ist Handlungsort zahlreicher Dramen und Romane von Shakespeare bis Edgar Wallace. Insbesondere Schriften und Historiengemälde des 19. Jahrhunderts betonen die Rolle als Gefängnis und trugen maßgeblich zur Rezeption des Towers als düsterem Kerker bei.
Die UNESCO erklärte den Tower 1988 zum Weltkulturerbe. Der Tower gehört der britischen Krone und wird von den Historic Royal Palaces verwaltet.
(Wikipedia)