Chile - On the Villarica (2,847 m)
Chile - Auf dem Villarica (2.847 m)
Villarrica ( /ˌviːəˈriːkə/ VEE-ə-REE-kə) (Spanish: Volcán Villarrica, Mapudungun: Ruka Pillañ) is one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rising above the lake and town of the same name, 750 km (470 mi) south of Santiago. It is also known as Rucapillán, a Mapuche word meaning "Pillan's house". It is the westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend NW-SW obliquely perpendicular to the Andean chain along the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone, along with Quetrupillán and the Chilean portion of Lanín, are protected within Villarrica National Park. Guided ascents are popular during summer months.
Villarrica, with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition, is one of a small number worldwide known to have an active (but in this case intermittent) lava lake within its crater. The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Rainfall plus melted snow and glacier ice can cause massive lahars (mud and debris flows), such as during the eruptions of 1964 and 1971.
Villarrica is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The project is collecting data on the carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission rates from subaerial volcanoes.
Villarica stands in the Chilean Central Valley as the westernmost of an alignment of three large stratovolcanoes. The alignment is attributed to the existence of an old fracture in the crust, the North West-South East trending Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone, the other volcanoes in the chain, Quetrupillán and Lanín, are far less active. The alignment is unusual as it crosses the N-S running Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault, along which several active volcanoes are aligned.
Villarrica covers an area of 400 km2 and has an estimated volume of 250 km3. It contains volcanic caves and about 26 scoria cones. The constant degassing at the lava lake turns the otherwise quite effusive lava more viscous, heightening its explosive potential. Two large ignimbrite layers are visible; the Licán Ignimbrite and the more recent Pucón Ignimbrite.
Villarrica emerged during the Middle Pleistocene and grew forming a large stratocone of similar dimensions to the current edifice. 100,000 years ago during the Valdivia Interglacial the ancestral Villarrica collapsed following an eruption and formed a large elliptical caldera of 6.5 and 4.2 km in diameter. During the Llanquihue glaciation Villarrica produced pyroclastic flow deposits, subglacial andesite lavas and dacite dykes. It collapsed once again 13,700 years ago forming a new smaller caldera, among other pyroclastic flows the Licán Ignimbrite has been related to this event. Beginning with the Licán Ignimbrite, generated just after the last deglaciation, activity continued in similar fashion. The Pucón Ignimbrite was ejected during a minor collapse of the uppermost stratocone 3,700 years ago.
The upper part of Villarrica is permanently covered by snow and has some 40 km2 of glaciers, the largest of which is the Pichillancahue-Turbio Glacier situated on its southeastern flank. Ash from the eruptions can increase the ablation of snow and ice by absorption of solar radiation. Some ash coverings are thicker than 5 cm and insulate the glacier, decreasing ablation instead of enhancing it. Between 1961 and 2003, Villarrica lost 25% of its glaciated surface and the glaciers shrank at an average rate of -0.4 km2 each year.
Villarrica is popular for climbing with guided hikes to the crater from the town of Pucón, but these may be suspended due to cloud or volcanic activity. Helicopter over-flights have been available since 2007. In the winter (July–September) a ski resort operates on the northern slopes.
(Wikipedia)
Villarrica ist ein 2847 m hoher aktiver Vulkan in Chile, der an der Grenze der Regionen Araucanía und Los Ríos liegt. Nördlich des Vulkans befinden sich die Stadt Pucón und der See Lago Villarrica.
Der erste aufgezeichnete Ausbruch datiert aus dem Jahre 1558. 1575 wurde die Stadt Villarrica von einem schweren Erdbeben zerstört, wobei 350 Einwohner starben. Weitere große Ausbrüche folgten 1640 und 1948. 1971 kam es zu einer Schlammlawine, die durch geschmolzenes Eis und heiße Lava erzeugt wurde. Die Schlammlawine (Lahar) zerstörte eine Reihe Häuser, landwirtschaftliche Flächen und Brücken.
In den letzten 500 Jahren wurden über 50 Ausbrüche registriert. Am 3. März 2015 fand eine stärkere Eruption statt. Wegen des Ausbruchs wurden rund 3600 Menschen evakuiert.
Der letzte Ausbruch fand am 23. März 2015 statt.
Der Vulkan Villarrica im Nationalpark Villarrica gehört zu den bekanntesten Touristenzielen in Chile. In den Sommermonaten gehen regelmäßig geführte Touren bis zum Rand des Kraters, die auch für ungeübte Bergsteiger zu bewältigen sind.
2010 war hier noch ein Lavasee aktiv.
(Wikipedia)
Chile - On the Villarica (2,847 m)
Chile - Auf dem Villarica (2.847 m)
Villarrica ( /ˌviːəˈriːkə/ VEE-ə-REE-kə) (Spanish: Volcán Villarrica, Mapudungun: Ruka Pillañ) is one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rising above the lake and town of the same name, 750 km (470 mi) south of Santiago. It is also known as Rucapillán, a Mapuche word meaning "Pillan's house". It is the westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend NW-SW obliquely perpendicular to the Andean chain along the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone, along with Quetrupillán and the Chilean portion of Lanín, are protected within Villarrica National Park. Guided ascents are popular during summer months.
Villarrica, with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition, is one of a small number worldwide known to have an active (but in this case intermittent) lava lake within its crater. The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Rainfall plus melted snow and glacier ice can cause massive lahars (mud and debris flows), such as during the eruptions of 1964 and 1971.
Villarrica is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The project is collecting data on the carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission rates from subaerial volcanoes.
Villarica stands in the Chilean Central Valley as the westernmost of an alignment of three large stratovolcanoes. The alignment is attributed to the existence of an old fracture in the crust, the North West-South East trending Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone, the other volcanoes in the chain, Quetrupillán and Lanín, are far less active. The alignment is unusual as it crosses the N-S running Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault, along which several active volcanoes are aligned.
Villarrica covers an area of 400 km2 and has an estimated volume of 250 km3. It contains volcanic caves and about 26 scoria cones. The constant degassing at the lava lake turns the otherwise quite effusive lava more viscous, heightening its explosive potential. Two large ignimbrite layers are visible; the Licán Ignimbrite and the more recent Pucón Ignimbrite.
Villarrica emerged during the Middle Pleistocene and grew forming a large stratocone of similar dimensions to the current edifice. 100,000 years ago during the Valdivia Interglacial the ancestral Villarrica collapsed following an eruption and formed a large elliptical caldera of 6.5 and 4.2 km in diameter. During the Llanquihue glaciation Villarrica produced pyroclastic flow deposits, subglacial andesite lavas and dacite dykes. It collapsed once again 13,700 years ago forming a new smaller caldera, among other pyroclastic flows the Licán Ignimbrite has been related to this event. Beginning with the Licán Ignimbrite, generated just after the last deglaciation, activity continued in similar fashion. The Pucón Ignimbrite was ejected during a minor collapse of the uppermost stratocone 3,700 years ago.
The upper part of Villarrica is permanently covered by snow and has some 40 km2 of glaciers, the largest of which is the Pichillancahue-Turbio Glacier situated on its southeastern flank. Ash from the eruptions can increase the ablation of snow and ice by absorption of solar radiation. Some ash coverings are thicker than 5 cm and insulate the glacier, decreasing ablation instead of enhancing it. Between 1961 and 2003, Villarrica lost 25% of its glaciated surface and the glaciers shrank at an average rate of -0.4 km2 each year.
Villarrica is popular for climbing with guided hikes to the crater from the town of Pucón, but these may be suspended due to cloud or volcanic activity. Helicopter over-flights have been available since 2007. In the winter (July–September) a ski resort operates on the northern slopes.
(Wikipedia)
Villarrica ist ein 2847 m hoher aktiver Vulkan in Chile, der an der Grenze der Regionen Araucanía und Los Ríos liegt. Nördlich des Vulkans befinden sich die Stadt Pucón und der See Lago Villarrica.
Der erste aufgezeichnete Ausbruch datiert aus dem Jahre 1558. 1575 wurde die Stadt Villarrica von einem schweren Erdbeben zerstört, wobei 350 Einwohner starben. Weitere große Ausbrüche folgten 1640 und 1948. 1971 kam es zu einer Schlammlawine, die durch geschmolzenes Eis und heiße Lava erzeugt wurde. Die Schlammlawine (Lahar) zerstörte eine Reihe Häuser, landwirtschaftliche Flächen und Brücken.
In den letzten 500 Jahren wurden über 50 Ausbrüche registriert. Am 3. März 2015 fand eine stärkere Eruption statt. Wegen des Ausbruchs wurden rund 3600 Menschen evakuiert.
Der letzte Ausbruch fand am 23. März 2015 statt.
Der Vulkan Villarrica im Nationalpark Villarrica gehört zu den bekanntesten Touristenzielen in Chile. In den Sommermonaten gehen regelmäßig geführte Touren bis zum Rand des Kraters, die auch für ungeübte Bergsteiger zu bewältigen sind.
2010 war hier noch ein Lavasee aktiv.
(Wikipedia)