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Conserved domain architecture of wBm-LigA and phylogenetic tree of DNA ligases from various organisms.(A) Conserved domain architecture of wBm-LigA typical of DNA ligase superfamily includes adenylation domain (9–304) with KXDG catalytic site(114–117) involved in adenylation reaction, OB fold domain(307–387), HhH (helix hairpin helix) and BRCT domain (609–671). (B) Phylogenetic trees were constructed with Maximum likelihood (ML) methods using PROML programs of PHYLIP 3.69. All the prokaryotic NAD+-dependent DNA ligase bacteria formed a discrete cluster A which is divided into two branches, the first one comprising the subcluster A1 constituting Nitrosomonas europaea (reference sequence NP_841783.1), Bordetella pertussis (reference sequence NP_882073.1), Gammaproteobacteria (reference sequence ZP_05126247.1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (reference sequence YP_791724.1), Escherichia coli (GenBank:AAN81395.1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (reference sequence ZP_7441467.2), Frankia (reference sequence ZP_06413452.1), Thermus thermophilus (GenBank:AAD13190.1), Prochlorococcus marinus (reference sequence NP_876232.1), Mycoplasma mycoides (reference sequence NP_975740.1), Bacillus subtilis (reference sequence NP_388544.1), Bradyrhizobium japonicum (GenBank:BAC51856.1), Rhizobium leguminosarum (NCBI reference sequence YP_002282076.1), Agrobacterium vitis ( reference sequence YP_002550080.1) and the second one (subcluster A2) comprising the DNA ligase of Wolbachia endosymbiont present in Brugia malayi (GenBank:AAW71136.1) and insects as Drosophila melanogaster (reference sequence NP_966531.1), Drosophila simulans (reference sequence ZP_00372215.1) and Culex quinquefasciatus (reference sequence YP_001975247.1), Wolbachia pipientis (GenBank:AAY81980.1), Anaplasma centrale (reference sequence YP_003328904.1), Ehrlichia chaffeensis (NCBI reference sequence YP_507122.1) and Rickettsia rickettsii (GenBank:ABY73051.1). All the eukaryotic DNA ligase viz. Homo sapiens (reference sequence NP_000225.1), Mus musculus (reference sequence NP_001186239.1), Brugia malayi (NCBI reference sequence XP_001896804.1), Plasmodium falciparum (GenBank:AAN64156.1), Plasmodium knowlesi (reference sequence XP_002261933.1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank:CAA91582.1) are present in discrete cluster B indicating Wolbachia endosymbiont are distantly related to the ATP DNA ligase of either its host parasite B. malayi or H.sapiens.

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