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Domain architecture, phylogenetic tree and homology model of LvPelle.

(A) The schematic representation of the domain topology of LvPelle. LvPelle contains an organization that is typical of IRAK family proteins: N-terminal death domain and C-terminal protein kinase domain. (B) The phylogenetic tree of LvPelle with other IRAK family proteins. The numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap values. LvPelle is boxed. AgPelle, Anopheles gambiae Pelle (Accession no. XP_311931); AmPelle, Apis mellifera Pelle (Accession no. XP_624002); CePelle, Caenorhabditis elegans Pelle/IL-1 receptor associated Kinase (IRAK) family member (pik-1) (Accession no. NP_502587); CqPelle, Culex quinquefasciatus Pelle (Accession no. EDS41908); DmPelle, Drosophila melanogaster Pelle (Accession no. NP_476971); TcPelle, Tribolium castaneum Pelle (Accession no. XP_966383); BfIRAK4, Branchiostoma floridae IRAK4 (Accession no. XP_002601719); BtIRAK4, Bos taurus IRAK4 (Accession no. NP_001069466); CiIRAK4, Ciona intestinalis IRAK4 (Accession no. XP_002122012); DrIRAK4, Danio rerio IRAK4 (Accession no. NP_956457); EsIRAK4, Euprymna scolopes IRAK4 (Accession no. AAY27972); GgIRAK4, Gallus gallus IRAK4 (Accession no. NP_001025909); HsIRAK4, Homo sapiens IRAK 4 (Accession no. NP_001107654); MmIRAK4, Mus musculus IRAK4 (Accession no. NP_084202); OmIRAK4, Oncorhynchus mykiss IRAK4 (Accession no. CBI63176); RnIRAK4, Rattus norvegicus IRAK4 (Accession no. XP_217026); TgIRAK4, Taeniopygia guttata IRAK4 (Accession no. XP_002194205); XtIRAK4, Xenopus tropicalis IRAK4 (Accession no. NP_001116877); BtIRAK1, B. taurus IRAK1 (Accession no. NP_001035645); DrIRAK1, D. rerio IRAK1 (Accession no. XP_697688); HsIRAK1, H. sapiens IRAK1 (Accession no. AAH54000); MmIRAK1, M. musculus IRAK1 (Accession no. NP_032389); TnIRAK1, Tetraodon nigroviridis IRAK1 (Accession no. CAF93411); XtIRAK1, X. tropicalis IRAK1 (Accession no. AAH75439); BtIRAK3, B. taurus IRAK3 (Accession no. NP_001177228); DrIRAK3, D. rerio IRAK3 (Accession no. AAH98615); HsIRAK3, H. sapiens IRAK3 (Accession no. NP_009130); MmIRAK3, M. musculus IRAK3 (Accession no. AAM83393); RnIRAK3, R. norvegicus IRAK3 (Accession no. NP_001101571); BtIRAK2, B. taurus IRAK2 (Accession no. NP_001069164); GgIRAK2, G. gallus IRAK2 (Accession no. NP_001025776); HsIRAK2, H. sapiens IRAK2 (Accession no. NP_001561); RnIRAK2, R. norvegicus IRAK2 (Accession no. AAH98060); TgIRAK2, T. guttata IRAK2 (Accession no. XP_002187461); XlIRAK2, Xenopus laevis IRAK2 (Accession no. NP_001079489). (C) Primary sequence alignments and homology models of the death domain and protein kinase domain of LvPelle. The death domain of LvPelle shows 21.2% identity to both Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. The protein kinase domain of LvPelle shows 35.1% and 42.6% identity with Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, respectively. Homology models of the LvPelle death domain (b) and kinase domain (d) show high similarities with the crystal structures of Drosophila Pelle (a) and mammalian IRAK4 (c), respectively, providing the foundations of the evolutionarily conserved function of NF-κB signaling for LvPelle.

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