2013: National Air and Space Museum #23
1)Mid right, Mariner 2 Engineering Model
2) Mid left, Clementine Spacecraft, Engineering Model
3) Left foreground, Lunar Lander, Surveyor
4) Below is the Apollo Lunar Module #2
1) Mariner 2 Engineering Model
On December 14, 1962, useful scientific information was radioed to Earth from the vicinity of another planet for the first time. The unmanned Mariner 2 spacecraft, with its six scientific instruments, passed within 34,800 kilometers (21,600 miles) of Venus. Mariner 2 indicated that Venus is very hot and has no measurable magnetic fields or radiation belts. On the way to Venus, Mariner 2's instruments detected and measured the radiation, magnetic fields, and dust of interplanetary space.
Contact with Mariner 2 was lost on January 2, 1963; it is now in orbit around the Sun.
The spacecraft on display was constructed from test components by engineers from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Date: July 1, 1976 to present
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Milestones of Flight
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned-Test Vehicles
Materials: Aluminum, mixed metals
Dimensions: Overall: 8 ft. 1 in. tall x 5 ft. 10 in. wide x 5 ft. 10 in. deep, 1118 lb. (246.4 x 177.8 x 177.8cm, 507.1kg)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
2) Clementine Spacecraft, Engineering Model
Clementine was built by the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC to test lightweight instruments and components for the next generation of spacecraft. It was designed to complete a two-month mapping mission in orbit around the Moon from February 19 to May 3, 1994 and then fly past an asteroid. Like the miner's daughter in the song, "My Darlin' Clementine," its instruments would help determine the mineral content of these objects and then be "lost and gone forever." Remarkably, Clementine went from the drawing board and into space in less than two years with a cost of under 100 million dollars, thus introducing the era of "faster, better, cheaper" spacecraft. Although its attempt at flying past an asteroid failed, Clementine provided answers to many of the questions about the Moon that remained from the Apollo era of lunar exploration.
This engineering model was transferred from the Naval Research Laboratory to the Museum in 2002.
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Naval Research Laboratory
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned
Materials: Aluminum and mixed metals.
Dimensions: Overall: 6 ft. 2 in. wide x 3 ft. 8 7/8 in. diameter (188 x 114cm)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
3) Left foreground, Lunar Lander, Surveyor
The artifact in the collection is an engineering model, S-10, used for thermal control tests.
It was reconfigured to represent a flight model of Surveyor 3 or later, since it was the first to have a scoop and claw surface sampler.
After receipt in 1968 it was displayed in Smithsonian's Arts & Industries Building and then was moved to its present location in Gallery 112, Lunar Exploration Vehicles, in 1976.
The Surveyor series was designed to carry out soft landings on the Moon and provide data about its surface and possible atmosphere.
These were the first U.S. probes to soft-land on the Moon. Once landed they provided detailed pictures of the surface by means of a TV camera carried on each of the spacecraft.
Later Surveyors carried the instrumented soil mechanics surface scoop seen on the artifact. These were used to study the mechanical properties of lunar soil. Some of the spacecraft were also equipped to perform simple chemical analyses on lunar soil by means of alpha particle scattering. There were seven Surveyor launches starting in May, 1966, all launched by the Atlas-Centaur rocket. All but two successfully achieved program goals returning over 88,000 high resolution photographs and invaluable detailed data on the nature and strength of the lunar surface.
Transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Hughes Aircraft Co.
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned
Materials: Aluminum, mixed metals, phenolics
Dimensions: Overall: 10 ft. tall x 14 ft. wide (304.8 x 426.7cm) Support (base of extended landing gear): 14ft. (426.7cm)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
4) Below is the Apollo Lunar Module #2
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM) was a two-stage vehicle designed by Grumman to ferry two astronauts from lunar orbit to the lunar surface and back. The upper ascent stage consisted of a pressurized crew compartment, equipment areas, and an ascent rocket engine. The lower descent stage had the landing gear and contained the descent rocket engine and lunar surface experiments.
LM 2 was built for a second unmanned Earth-orbit test flight. Because the test flight of LM 1, named Apollo 5, was so successful, a second mission was deemed unnecessary.
LM-2 was used for ground testing prior to the first successful Moon-landing mission.
In 1970 the ascent stage of LM-2 spent several months on display at the "Expo '70" in Osaka, Japan. When it returned to the United States, it was reunited with its descent stage, modified to appear like the Apollo 11 Lunar Module "Eagle," and transferred to the Smithsonian for display.
Transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Manned-Test Vehicles
Materials: Aluminum, titanium, aluminized Mylar and aluminized Kapton blankets
Dimensions: Overall: 22 ft. 11 in. tall x 14 ft. 1 in. wide, 8499.9 lb. (698.5 x 429.3cm, 3855.5kg)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19711598000
2013: National Air and Space Museum #23
1)Mid right, Mariner 2 Engineering Model
2) Mid left, Clementine Spacecraft, Engineering Model
3) Left foreground, Lunar Lander, Surveyor
4) Below is the Apollo Lunar Module #2
1) Mariner 2 Engineering Model
On December 14, 1962, useful scientific information was radioed to Earth from the vicinity of another planet for the first time. The unmanned Mariner 2 spacecraft, with its six scientific instruments, passed within 34,800 kilometers (21,600 miles) of Venus. Mariner 2 indicated that Venus is very hot and has no measurable magnetic fields or radiation belts. On the way to Venus, Mariner 2's instruments detected and measured the radiation, magnetic fields, and dust of interplanetary space.
Contact with Mariner 2 was lost on January 2, 1963; it is now in orbit around the Sun.
The spacecraft on display was constructed from test components by engineers from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Date: July 1, 1976 to present
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Milestones of Flight
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned-Test Vehicles
Materials: Aluminum, mixed metals
Dimensions: Overall: 8 ft. 1 in. tall x 5 ft. 10 in. wide x 5 ft. 10 in. deep, 1118 lb. (246.4 x 177.8 x 177.8cm, 507.1kg)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
2) Clementine Spacecraft, Engineering Model
Clementine was built by the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC to test lightweight instruments and components for the next generation of spacecraft. It was designed to complete a two-month mapping mission in orbit around the Moon from February 19 to May 3, 1994 and then fly past an asteroid. Like the miner's daughter in the song, "My Darlin' Clementine," its instruments would help determine the mineral content of these objects and then be "lost and gone forever." Remarkably, Clementine went from the drawing board and into space in less than two years with a cost of under 100 million dollars, thus introducing the era of "faster, better, cheaper" spacecraft. Although its attempt at flying past an asteroid failed, Clementine provided answers to many of the questions about the Moon that remained from the Apollo era of lunar exploration.
This engineering model was transferred from the Naval Research Laboratory to the Museum in 2002.
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Naval Research Laboratory
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned
Materials: Aluminum and mixed metals.
Dimensions: Overall: 6 ft. 2 in. wide x 3 ft. 8 7/8 in. diameter (188 x 114cm)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
3) Left foreground, Lunar Lander, Surveyor
The artifact in the collection is an engineering model, S-10, used for thermal control tests.
It was reconfigured to represent a flight model of Surveyor 3 or later, since it was the first to have a scoop and claw surface sampler.
After receipt in 1968 it was displayed in Smithsonian's Arts & Industries Building and then was moved to its present location in Gallery 112, Lunar Exploration Vehicles, in 1976.
The Surveyor series was designed to carry out soft landings on the Moon and provide data about its surface and possible atmosphere.
These were the first U.S. probes to soft-land on the Moon. Once landed they provided detailed pictures of the surface by means of a TV camera carried on each of the spacecraft.
Later Surveyors carried the instrumented soil mechanics surface scoop seen on the artifact. These were used to study the mechanical properties of lunar soil. Some of the spacecraft were also equipped to perform simple chemical analyses on lunar soil by means of alpha particle scattering. There were seven Surveyor launches starting in May, 1966, all launched by the Atlas-Centaur rocket. All but two successfully achieved program goals returning over 88,000 high resolution photographs and invaluable detailed data on the nature and strength of the lunar surface.
Transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Hughes Aircraft Co.
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Unmanned
Materials: Aluminum, mixed metals, phenolics
Dimensions: Overall: 10 ft. tall x 14 ft. wide (304.8 x 426.7cm) Support (base of extended landing gear): 14ft. (426.7cm)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A...
4) Below is the Apollo Lunar Module #2
The Apollo Lunar Module (LM) was a two-stage vehicle designed by Grumman to ferry two astronauts from lunar orbit to the lunar surface and back. The upper ascent stage consisted of a pressurized crew compartment, equipment areas, and an ascent rocket engine. The lower descent stage had the landing gear and contained the descent rocket engine and lunar surface experiments.
LM 2 was built for a second unmanned Earth-orbit test flight. Because the test flight of LM 1, named Apollo 5, was so successful, a second mission was deemed unnecessary.
LM-2 was used for ground testing prior to the first successful Moon-landing mission.
In 1970 the ascent stage of LM-2 spent several months on display at the "Expo '70" in Osaka, Japan. When it returned to the United States, it was reunited with its descent stage, modified to appear like the Apollo 11 Lunar Module "Eagle," and transferred to the Smithsonian for display.
Transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Country of Origin: United States of America
Manufacturer: Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
Location: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC
Exhibition: Lunar Exploration
Type: SPACECRAFT-Manned-Test Vehicles
Materials: Aluminum, titanium, aluminized Mylar and aluminized Kapton blankets
Dimensions: Overall: 22 ft. 11 in. tall x 14 ft. 1 in. wide, 8499.9 lb. (698.5 x 429.3cm, 3855.5kg)
airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19711598000