The photograph must be silent: this is not a question of discretion, but of music.

               Roland Barthes

Shooting on film is slow. It is expensive. And requires more concentration and technique than shooting digital. And it requires you to build up your experience with the camera, the film, the development process, not to mention all the printing techniques… You need patience. You will fail - more than once. The learning curve can be steep.

But, boy, it is more rewarding. There is something about the joy of working with film, paper, pigments and light that no digital workflow can come close to.

         The first photographs were thought of as marvels because, far more directly than any

         other form of visual image, they presented the appearance of what was absent.

               John Berger

I now work almost exclusively with large format cameras. I prefer historical lenses, mounted in barrels without a shutter, which allows for the flexibility of manual exposure with the help of lens caps.

All negatives and prints are developed and made with traditional photographic craft and chemicals, and historical techniques.