Buxton Museum and Art Gallery was founded in 1893. The museum collections include the geology and archaeology of the Peak District and the archives of Sir William Boyd Dawkins and Dr J.W.Jackson.

It also has important collections of photographs and fine and decorative art, including one of the largest collections of Ashford Black Marble in the world. Other highlights are the Randolph Douglas collection of locks, miniature models, Houdini ephemera and much more, and the Derbyshire Police Collection.

The museum and art gallery has a busy programme of temporary exhibitions providing opportunities for contemporary artists, as well showcasing the museum's own collections.