Nitrogen competency

Purpose- to create a 3-D or virtual model to demonstrate the atomic structure of the element by electrons sharing or exchanging as the element bonds with other elements and its location on the periodic table of elements.

Background information- Composition

•It has 7 protons, neutrons and electrons. There are 5 valance electrons. The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus making it 14, which is nitrogen’s atomic mass.

•The historical model doesn’t go into detail like the ones today. The Bohr model shows the orbitals and electrons that are in those orbitals. There are 2 orbitals. The first one holds 2 electrons and the second one holds 5 electrons.

•Nitrogen is in group 15, period 2. Its atomic mass is 14. It’s grouped with other elements that have around the same atomic mass. They are also called non-metals.

•The neutrons and protons are made of quarks.

•Nitrogen has 3 isotopes. They each have about 7 protons in all of them. They do affect the mass and stability of the nucleus by making it a little bigger. One of the isotopes (N13) has a half life.

•Dalton’s theory was the theory that made people understand the atom more and he had showed more evidence to how the atom looks and works.

•The electrons and the electron configuration is what makes the charge of the atom and that affects how it is attracted to other atoms. There are 5 valance electrons in the nitrogen atom. They form bonds between the other valance electrons of the same atom and connect to eachother.

Properties

•Nitrogen is colorless and odorless. It takes up 78% percent of the air we breathe. Its melting point it -320 degrees F, and its freezing point is -346 degrees F.

•Nitrogen is neutral because there are the same number of protons and electrons. They both have 7 electrons and protons. It makes a covalent bond.

•The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s2 2s2 2p3. Nitrogen atoms interact with each other by sharing the valance electrons. In which there are 5 of them. They form bonds that make them connect.

•Eff off

•Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature or at a regular temperature of around 70 degrees F. Nitrogen becomes a liquid at a very cold temperature of about -320 degrees F. When nitrogen turns into liquid nitrogen the molecules start slowing down. Nitrogen turns into a solid at about -346 degrees F. During this time the nitrogen molecules are almost completely stopping causing the nitrogen to freeze.

•You can tell what nitrogen is because of its atomic mass and number. It would be hard to tell what nitrogen is without evidence because it doesn’t have a smell or look to it. It’s colorless and odorless. Its atomic structure would let you know what it is.

•You can tell when elements on the periodic table are related because of their place on it. If they are near eachother in the same group then they are related. They will also have near the same atomic number. They are placed in order of atomic number and mass. Sometimes they are also color coded so you can tell what group and element belongs to. Nitrogen belongs in the non-metals group.

Hypothesis-

If you create a 3-D model of nitrogen its out most energy level will have 5 valance electrons.

Materials list- To make my project I used wire, paint, markers, spray paint, Styrofoam balls, paper, glue, toothpicks, a wooden stick, and a piece of wood for the base of the project.

Step by step-

•I got 21 foam balls. 7 of each of them representing the neutrons, protons and electrons.

•I painted the neutrons and protons purple and orange and the electrons blue.

•Afterwards I put the positive sign on the protons.

•I got a wooden base and screwed and glued a circular wooden stick to it.

•On the top of that wooden stick I made the nucleus. Which is 14 foam balls in all.

•I put the foam balls together with toothpicks and afterwards I glued them together and glued it to the top of the wooden stick.

•I put 7 wires sticking out of the nucleus that connected to each of the electrons.

•I glued the ends of the wires connecting to the nucleus and the electrons.

•Then I labeled the layers of the electrons and I was done.

Observations- I observed that a nitrogen atom has 7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons. It has 5 valance electrons. It has 2 orbitals and it makes a covalent bond.