Hugo Carriço
Sint-PietersKerk - Leuven - Belgique/Belgie
Website:
english
Is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region, Belgium. It is located about 30 kilometers east of Brussels, with as other neighbouring cities Mechelen, Aarschot, Tienen, and Wavre.
The township comprises the historical city of Leuven and the former municipalities of Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, a part of Korbeek-Lo, Wilsele and Wijgmaal.
It is home to Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewer group and one of the top five largest consumer goods companies in the world; and to the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the largest and oldest university of the Low Countries and the oldest Catholic university still in existence.
History
The earliest mention of Leuven ("Loven") is from 891 when a Viking army was defeated by the Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia (see: Battle of Leuven). According to the city legend, its red-white-red colours depict the blood-stained shores of the river Dijle after this battle.
Situated at this river and nearby the stronghold of the Dukes of Brabant, Leuven became the most important centre of trade in the duchy between the 11th and the 14th century. A token of its former importance as a centre of cloth manufacture, is nicely reflected in the typical Leuven linen cloth, known in late 14-15th century texts as lewyn (other spellings: Leuwyn, Levyne, Lewan(e), Lovanium, Louvain).
In the 15th century a new golden era began with the founding of the by now largest and oldest university in the Low Countries, the Catholic University of Leuven, in 1425.
In the 18th century Leuven became even more important as a result of the flourishing of the brewery now named AB InBev, and whose flagship beer, Stella Artois, is brewed in Leuven.
In the 20th century, both world wars inflicted major damage to the city. Upon German entry in World War I, the town was heavily damaged due to German Schrecklichkeit policy. The Germans shot the burgomaster, university rector and all the city's police officers. The university library was deliberately destroyed by the German army on August 25, 1914, using petrol and incendiary pastilles. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts were lost. The world was outraged over this and the library was completely rebuilt after World War I with American charity funds and German war indemnities. After World War II, the burnt down building had to be restored again. It still stands as a symbol of the wars and of Allied solidarity.
Dutch
Leuven (Frans: Louvain, Duits: Löwen) is een stad en gemeente in de Belgische provincie Vlaams-Brabant. Ze is de centraal gelegen hoofdstad van deze provincie en tevens de hoofdplaats van het bestuurlijke en gerechtelijke arrondissement Leuven. Leuven heeft een oppervlakte van 5663 ha, telt ruim 95.000 inwoners en ligt aan de Dijle.
Leuven is onder meer bekend als de vestigingsplaats van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, de oudste universiteit in de Lage Landen, de multinational Anheuser-Busch InBev (historisch Brouwerij Artois, naderhand ook nog Interbrew en InBev geheten), de Boerenbond en het universitair ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg.
Vanwege de eeuwenlange aanwezigheid van zowel de brouwerij Artois als het studentenleven wordt Leuven ook wel de bierhoofdstad van Vlaanderen/België genoemd.
Naamgeving
De naam Leuven wordt voor het eerst teruggevonden in het jaar 884 als Luvanium in de Annales Vedastini. De naam klimt op tot de prehistorische taal die in de regio gesproken werd vóór de germanisering (2e eeuw v.Chr.). In aansluiting bij Caesar mag men deze taal 'Belgisch' noemen. In het 'Belgisch' werden nederzettingsnamen doorgaans met behulp van het suffix -iom, afgeleid van persoonsnamen. Leuven is daarvan een mooi voorbeeld. De naam klimt op tot Lubaniom, hetgeen afgeleid is van de persoonsnaam Lubanios die betekent "de geliefde". Deze is op zijn beurt afgeleid van de indo-europese wortel leubh-, "liefhebben". Een andere bron zegt echter dat Leuven nederzetting bij het lieflijke water betekent.[bron?]
De bijnamen van de Leuvenaars zijn Pietermannen en koeienschieters. De eerste naam verwijst naar de inwoners van de oudste parochie (Sint-Pieter) en de tweede bijnaam verwijst naar het historische feit van 1691 toen de inwoners van Leuven op een zekere nacht het vuur op verdachte gestalten openden. De Leuvenaars werden op dat moment belegerd door de Fransen en waren in de waan dat ze op vijandige soldaten schoten. De volgende morgen bleek echter dat ze een kudde koeien hadden beschoten.
Português
Lovaina (em neerlandês Leuven) é uma cidade e um município da Bélgica localizado no distrito que leva o seu mesmo nome, parte província de Brabante Flamengo, região da Flandres. Lovaina é a capital da província do Brabante Flamengo, e a língua de seus habitantes é majoritariamente o holandês, embora quase sempre o francês, também seja conhecido. Está localizada a cerca de 30 km a leste da capital Bruxelas.
A exemplo de Coimbra, em Portugal, ou de Leiden, na Holanda, Lovaina é uma cidade universitária. A população é de aproximadamente 91.700 mil habitantes (2008), 30% dos quais são alunos ou professores de sua universidade. A vida em Lovaina gira em torno dessa instituição de ensino, que atrai gente de todo o país e do mundo para lá, sempre renovando o aspecto da cidade. Muitos de seus atuais moradores são ex-alunos que lá decidiram ficar ou voltar depois de terem concluído os seus estudos.
História
Há referências a Louvain desde 891, quando o exército viking foi derrotado por Arnulfo, Rei da Germânia. De acordo com a lenda local, as cores da bandeira de Lovaina, vermelho-branco-vermelho, representam o cenário sanguinolento em que as margens do rio Dijle ficaram.
Do século XI ao século XV Lovaina foi o centro comercial do Ducado de Brabante em que se integrava. Exemplo da riqueza da cidade e dos seus comerciantes foi a construção da câmara da cidade em estilo Gótico. Embora esta tenha sido construída depois das câmaras de Antuérpia e Bruxelas, os ricos habitantes de Lovaina fizeram questão de demonstrar o seu poder económico construindo aquela que é uma das mais belas câmaras da Bélgica. No século XV, mais precisamente 1425, início da época dourada, foi fundada a Universidade Católica de Lovaina, a mais antiga dos países baixos e uma das mais antigas da Europa.
Nessa mesma universidade estudou e leccionou Damião de Góis por volta de 1540. Ele envolveu-se pessoalmente na luta pela defesa da cidade contra as tropas de Carlos I de Espanha aquando da sua invasão da Flandres e acabou capturado.
No século XVIII a indústria cervejeira floresceu, e ainda hoje a InBev, uma das maiores cervejeiras do mundo que detém entre outras a Stella Artois e a Brahma tem aí localizada a sua sede.
No século XX a cidade foi fortemente danificada em ambas as Guerras Mundiais.
Sint-PietersKerk - Leuven - Belgique/Belgie
Website:
english
Is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region, Belgium. It is located about 30 kilometers east of Brussels, with as other neighbouring cities Mechelen, Aarschot, Tienen, and Wavre.
The township comprises the historical city of Leuven and the former municipalities of Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, a part of Korbeek-Lo, Wilsele and Wijgmaal.
It is home to Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest brewer group and one of the top five largest consumer goods companies in the world; and to the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the largest and oldest university of the Low Countries and the oldest Catholic university still in existence.
History
The earliest mention of Leuven ("Loven") is from 891 when a Viking army was defeated by the Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia (see: Battle of Leuven). According to the city legend, its red-white-red colours depict the blood-stained shores of the river Dijle after this battle.
Situated at this river and nearby the stronghold of the Dukes of Brabant, Leuven became the most important centre of trade in the duchy between the 11th and the 14th century. A token of its former importance as a centre of cloth manufacture, is nicely reflected in the typical Leuven linen cloth, known in late 14-15th century texts as lewyn (other spellings: Leuwyn, Levyne, Lewan(e), Lovanium, Louvain).
In the 15th century a new golden era began with the founding of the by now largest and oldest university in the Low Countries, the Catholic University of Leuven, in 1425.
In the 18th century Leuven became even more important as a result of the flourishing of the brewery now named AB InBev, and whose flagship beer, Stella Artois, is brewed in Leuven.
In the 20th century, both world wars inflicted major damage to the city. Upon German entry in World War I, the town was heavily damaged due to German Schrecklichkeit policy. The Germans shot the burgomaster, university rector and all the city's police officers. The university library was deliberately destroyed by the German army on August 25, 1914, using petrol and incendiary pastilles. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts were lost. The world was outraged over this and the library was completely rebuilt after World War I with American charity funds and German war indemnities. After World War II, the burnt down building had to be restored again. It still stands as a symbol of the wars and of Allied solidarity.
Dutch
Leuven (Frans: Louvain, Duits: Löwen) is een stad en gemeente in de Belgische provincie Vlaams-Brabant. Ze is de centraal gelegen hoofdstad van deze provincie en tevens de hoofdplaats van het bestuurlijke en gerechtelijke arrondissement Leuven. Leuven heeft een oppervlakte van 5663 ha, telt ruim 95.000 inwoners en ligt aan de Dijle.
Leuven is onder meer bekend als de vestigingsplaats van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, de oudste universiteit in de Lage Landen, de multinational Anheuser-Busch InBev (historisch Brouwerij Artois, naderhand ook nog Interbrew en InBev geheten), de Boerenbond en het universitair ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg.
Vanwege de eeuwenlange aanwezigheid van zowel de brouwerij Artois als het studentenleven wordt Leuven ook wel de bierhoofdstad van Vlaanderen/België genoemd.
Naamgeving
De naam Leuven wordt voor het eerst teruggevonden in het jaar 884 als Luvanium in de Annales Vedastini. De naam klimt op tot de prehistorische taal die in de regio gesproken werd vóór de germanisering (2e eeuw v.Chr.). In aansluiting bij Caesar mag men deze taal 'Belgisch' noemen. In het 'Belgisch' werden nederzettingsnamen doorgaans met behulp van het suffix -iom, afgeleid van persoonsnamen. Leuven is daarvan een mooi voorbeeld. De naam klimt op tot Lubaniom, hetgeen afgeleid is van de persoonsnaam Lubanios die betekent "de geliefde". Deze is op zijn beurt afgeleid van de indo-europese wortel leubh-, "liefhebben". Een andere bron zegt echter dat Leuven nederzetting bij het lieflijke water betekent.[bron?]
De bijnamen van de Leuvenaars zijn Pietermannen en koeienschieters. De eerste naam verwijst naar de inwoners van de oudste parochie (Sint-Pieter) en de tweede bijnaam verwijst naar het historische feit van 1691 toen de inwoners van Leuven op een zekere nacht het vuur op verdachte gestalten openden. De Leuvenaars werden op dat moment belegerd door de Fransen en waren in de waan dat ze op vijandige soldaten schoten. De volgende morgen bleek echter dat ze een kudde koeien hadden beschoten.
Português
Lovaina (em neerlandês Leuven) é uma cidade e um município da Bélgica localizado no distrito que leva o seu mesmo nome, parte província de Brabante Flamengo, região da Flandres. Lovaina é a capital da província do Brabante Flamengo, e a língua de seus habitantes é majoritariamente o holandês, embora quase sempre o francês, também seja conhecido. Está localizada a cerca de 30 km a leste da capital Bruxelas.
A exemplo de Coimbra, em Portugal, ou de Leiden, na Holanda, Lovaina é uma cidade universitária. A população é de aproximadamente 91.700 mil habitantes (2008), 30% dos quais são alunos ou professores de sua universidade. A vida em Lovaina gira em torno dessa instituição de ensino, que atrai gente de todo o país e do mundo para lá, sempre renovando o aspecto da cidade. Muitos de seus atuais moradores são ex-alunos que lá decidiram ficar ou voltar depois de terem concluído os seus estudos.
História
Há referências a Louvain desde 891, quando o exército viking foi derrotado por Arnulfo, Rei da Germânia. De acordo com a lenda local, as cores da bandeira de Lovaina, vermelho-branco-vermelho, representam o cenário sanguinolento em que as margens do rio Dijle ficaram.
Do século XI ao século XV Lovaina foi o centro comercial do Ducado de Brabante em que se integrava. Exemplo da riqueza da cidade e dos seus comerciantes foi a construção da câmara da cidade em estilo Gótico. Embora esta tenha sido construída depois das câmaras de Antuérpia e Bruxelas, os ricos habitantes de Lovaina fizeram questão de demonstrar o seu poder económico construindo aquela que é uma das mais belas câmaras da Bélgica. No século XV, mais precisamente 1425, início da época dourada, foi fundada a Universidade Católica de Lovaina, a mais antiga dos países baixos e uma das mais antigas da Europa.
Nessa mesma universidade estudou e leccionou Damião de Góis por volta de 1540. Ele envolveu-se pessoalmente na luta pela defesa da cidade contra as tropas de Carlos I de Espanha aquando da sua invasão da Flandres e acabou capturado.
No século XVIII a indústria cervejeira floresceu, e ainda hoje a InBev, uma das maiores cervejeiras do mundo que detém entre outras a Stella Artois e a Brahma tem aí localizada a sua sede.
No século XX a cidade foi fortemente danificada em ambas as Guerras Mundiais.