Hugo Carriço
D Afonso II
Afonso II (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), nicknamed "the Fat" (Portuguese o Gordo), third king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father in 1212.
As a king, Afonso II set a different approach of government. Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I, were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south. Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to insure peace with Castile during his reign. Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors by the private initiative of noblemen. This does not mean that he was a weak or somehow cowardly man. The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters. The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.
Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso established the state's administration and centralized power on himself. He designed the first set of Portuguese written laws. These were mainly concerned with private property, civil justice, and minting. Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amiable commercial relations with most of them.
Other reforms included the always delicate matters with the pope. In order to get the independence of Portugal recognized by Rome, his grandfather, Afonso I, had to legislate an enormous number of privileges to the Church. These eventually created a state within the state. With Portugal's position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Roman Catholic church to purposes of national utility. These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal. After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.
English
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_the_Marquesses_of_Fronteira
The Palace of the Marquesses of Fronteira, also known as Fronteira Palace (in Portuguese Palácio Fronteira), in Lisbon, was built in 1640 as a hunting pavilion to Dom João de Mascarenhas, 1st Marquis of Fronteira.
In spite of some tall buildings, the palace is still located in a very quiet area, near the Monsanto forest-park (Lisbon). The house and the garden have beautiful glazed tiles representing different themes such as battles or monkeys playing trumpets.
In spite of being the current Marquis residence, some of the rooms, the library and the garden are open to public visits. The Battles Room has beautiful panels representing scenes of the Portuguese Restoration War; one of them shows D. João de Mascarenhas fighting a Spanish general. For his loyalty to King Pedro II of Portugal, during that war, he received the title of 1st Marquis of Fronteira.
The Dining Room is decorated with portraits representing some members of the Portuguese nobility, painted by artist such as Domingos António de Sequeira.
The Chapel, dated from the end of the 16th Century is the oldest part of the palace. The façade is adorned with stones, shells, broken glass and porcelains. It seams that those pieces were used during the palace’s inauguration and were broken on purpose just not to be used again.
The palace garden has an area of 5,5 ha. The visits to the garden begin in the Chapel yard. There, you will find niches with glazed tiles with pictures that represent the different arts as well as mythological figures. The garden hedges are cut in order to represent the different year seasons. There is also a stone staircase which take us to a yard where several niches are decorated with the Kings of Portugal busts
Português
pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%c3%a1cio_dos_Marqueses_de_Front...
O Palácio Fronteira, em Lisboa, foi construído em 1640 como pavilhão de caça para D. João de Mascarenhas, o primeiro marquês de Fronteira.
Apesar de alguns prédios altos serem visíveis à distância, continua a ocupar um lugar tranquilo, à beira do Parque Florestal de Monsanto. A casa e o jardim têm belos azulejos cujos temas vão desde as batalhas a macacos que tocam trombetas.
Embora o palácio ainda seja ocupado pelo 12º marquês, algumas das salas, a biblioteca e o jardim podem ser visitados. A Sala das Batalhas tem belos painéis com cenas da Guerra da Restauração e um pormenor de João de Fronteira que combate um general espanhol. Foi a sua lealdade a D. Pedro II, durante esse conflito, que o fez ganhar o título de marquês.
A Sala de Jantar está decorada com frescos retratos da nobreza portuguesa, de artistas como Domingos António de Sequeira.
A Capela de finais do século XVI é a parte mais antiga. A fachada está dornada com pedras, conchas, vidros partidos e restos de porcelanas. Diz-se que essas peças foram usadas na inauguração do palácio e partidas para que ninguém mais as utilizasse.
D Afonso II
Afonso II (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu]; English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), nicknamed "the Fat" (Portuguese o Gordo), third king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal by his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father in 1212.
As a king, Afonso II set a different approach of government. Hitherto, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I, were mostly concerned with military issues either against the neighbouring Kingdom of Castile or against the Moorish lands in the south. Afonso did not pursue territory enlargement policies and managed to insure peace with Castile during his reign. Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors by the private initiative of noblemen. This does not mean that he was a weak or somehow cowardly man. The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters. The king managed to keep security within Portuguese borders only by outlawing and exiling his kin.
Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso established the state's administration and centralized power on himself. He designed the first set of Portuguese written laws. These were mainly concerned with private property, civil justice, and minting. Afonso also sent ambassadors to European kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began amiable commercial relations with most of them.
Other reforms included the always delicate matters with the pope. In order to get the independence of Portugal recognized by Rome, his grandfather, Afonso I, had to legislate an enormous number of privileges to the Church. These eventually created a state within the state. With Portugal's position as a country firmly established, Afonso II endeavoured to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a portion of the enormous revenues of the Roman Catholic church to purposes of national utility. These actions led to a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal. After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.
English
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_the_Marquesses_of_Fronteira
The Palace of the Marquesses of Fronteira, also known as Fronteira Palace (in Portuguese Palácio Fronteira), in Lisbon, was built in 1640 as a hunting pavilion to Dom João de Mascarenhas, 1st Marquis of Fronteira.
In spite of some tall buildings, the palace is still located in a very quiet area, near the Monsanto forest-park (Lisbon). The house and the garden have beautiful glazed tiles representing different themes such as battles or monkeys playing trumpets.
In spite of being the current Marquis residence, some of the rooms, the library and the garden are open to public visits. The Battles Room has beautiful panels representing scenes of the Portuguese Restoration War; one of them shows D. João de Mascarenhas fighting a Spanish general. For his loyalty to King Pedro II of Portugal, during that war, he received the title of 1st Marquis of Fronteira.
The Dining Room is decorated with portraits representing some members of the Portuguese nobility, painted by artist such as Domingos António de Sequeira.
The Chapel, dated from the end of the 16th Century is the oldest part of the palace. The façade is adorned with stones, shells, broken glass and porcelains. It seams that those pieces were used during the palace’s inauguration and were broken on purpose just not to be used again.
The palace garden has an area of 5,5 ha. The visits to the garden begin in the Chapel yard. There, you will find niches with glazed tiles with pictures that represent the different arts as well as mythological figures. The garden hedges are cut in order to represent the different year seasons. There is also a stone staircase which take us to a yard where several niches are decorated with the Kings of Portugal busts
Português
pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%c3%a1cio_dos_Marqueses_de_Front...
O Palácio Fronteira, em Lisboa, foi construído em 1640 como pavilhão de caça para D. João de Mascarenhas, o primeiro marquês de Fronteira.
Apesar de alguns prédios altos serem visíveis à distância, continua a ocupar um lugar tranquilo, à beira do Parque Florestal de Monsanto. A casa e o jardim têm belos azulejos cujos temas vão desde as batalhas a macacos que tocam trombetas.
Embora o palácio ainda seja ocupado pelo 12º marquês, algumas das salas, a biblioteca e o jardim podem ser visitados. A Sala das Batalhas tem belos painéis com cenas da Guerra da Restauração e um pormenor de João de Fronteira que combate um general espanhol. Foi a sua lealdade a D. Pedro II, durante esse conflito, que o fez ganhar o título de marquês.
A Sala de Jantar está decorada com frescos retratos da nobreza portuguesa, de artistas como Domingos António de Sequeira.
A Capela de finais do século XVI é a parte mais antiga. A fachada está dornada com pedras, conchas, vidros partidos e restos de porcelanas. Diz-se que essas peças foram usadas na inauguração do palácio e partidas para que ninguém mais as utilizasse.