Bismuth (Bi, 83)

General properties

 

Name, symbol, number: bismuth, Bi, 83

 

Pronunciation: /ˈbɪzməθ/ biz-məth

 

Element category: post-transition metal

 

Group, period, block: 15, 6, p

 

Standard atomic weight: 208.98040(1)

 

Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3

 

Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

 

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Physical properties

 

Phase: solid

 

Density (near r.t.): 9.78 g·cm−3

 

Liquid density at m.p.: 10.05 g·cm−3

 

Melting point: 544.7 K, 271.5 °C, 520.7 °F

 

Boiling point: 1837 K, 1564 °C, 2847 °F

 

Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ·mol−1

 

Heat of vaporization: 151 kJ·mol−1

 

Molar heat capacity: 25.52 J·mol−1·K−1

 

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Atomic properties

 

Oxidation states: 3, 5 (mildly acidic oxide)

 

Electronegativity: 2.02 (Pauling scale)

 

Atomic radius: 156 pm

 

Covalent radius: 148±4 pm

 

Van der Waals radius: 207 pm

 

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Miscellanea

 

Crystal structure: trigonal

 

Magnetic ordering: diamagnetic

 

Electrical resistivity: (20 °C) 1.29 µΩ·m

 

Thermal conductivity: 7.97 W·m−1·K−1

 

Thermal expansion: (25 °C) 13.4 µm·m−1·K−1

 

Speed of sound (thin rod): (20 °C) 1790 m·s−1

 

Young's modulus: 32 GPa

 

Shear modulus: 12 GPa

 

Bulk modulus: 31 GPa

 

Poisson ratio: 0.33

 

Mohs hardness: 2.25

 

Brinell hardness: 94.2 MPa

 

CAS registry number: 7440-69-9

 

 

Done