2013: musée du Louvre #150
Fragments of the frieze of the Temple of Artemis Leukophryene at Magnesia ad Maeandrum
Temple of Artemis Leukophryene, Magnesia ad Maeandrum (Turkey)
Magnesia ad Maeandrum, Asia Minor (Turkey)
Early second century BC
High relief and bas-relief, marble
H. 0.81 m.; L. 3.77 m
Since 1843, the Louvre has housed one of the most important groups of architectural sculptures in the world.
The forty-three panels of the Ionic frieze of the Temple of Artemis Leukophryene ("with white eyebrows") at Magnesia ad Maeandrum make up the largest group of architectural sculptures in the Louvre.
Forty-three panels and fragments in the Louvre's collections which, along with numerous other sculpted panels, decorated the frieze of the Temple of Artemis at Magnesia ad Maeanderum, southeast of Ephesus.
The temple was built in the early second century BC and consecrated to a local deity, Artemis Leukophryene, known only to the Magnesians.
Some people consider her to be the descendant of an ancient Phrygian mother goddess. Others compare her with the Artemis honored at Ephesus. She probably had the general features of Artemis (huntress, mistress and protector of animals, etc.) but was also considered the founder and benefactress of the town.
The reliefs depict an amazonomachy, or battle between Greek warriors and Amazons. The edifice was mentioned by Vitruvius as being the work of the architect Hermogenes who developed certain innovations circa 200-190 BC.
The amazonomachy is conventional and repetitive, with groups of Greek warriors and Amazons fighting on foot and on horseback. The iconography is still very similar to the patterns devised in the fourth century BC, as on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, although the proportions of the figures are less massive in the Magnesia frieze. The violence of the fighting is rendered by oblique lines giving rhythm to the composition - rearing horses, the positions of duelists, and wounded fighters collapsed on the ground.
The building was designed by the architect Hermogenes. Hermogenes favored eustyle, that is to say columns two and a quarter diameters apart. The pediment of the temple had openings to allow the goddess to appear. Finally, a continuous frieze nearly 175 meters long, whose reliefs are now in Paris, Istanbul, and Berlin, ran around the building - a feature hitherto unknown in Ionic temples in Asia Minor.
www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/fragment-frieze-temple-ar...
"The Musée du Louvre, or officially Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre — is one of the world's largest museums, the most visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (district). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet).
The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortress built in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are still visible. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antique sculpture.
The museum opened on 10 August 1793 (the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise) with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The size of the collection increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed the Musée Napoléon. After the defeat of Napoléon at Waterloo, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and gifts since the Third Republic, except during the two World Wars. As of 2008, the collection is divided among eight curatorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and Drawings.
By 1874, the Louvre Palace had achieved its present form of an almost rectangular structure with the Sully Wing to the east containing the square Cour Carrée and the oldest parts of the Louvre; and two wings which wrap the Cour Napoléon, the Richelieu Wing to the north and the Denon Wing, which borders the Seine to the south. In 1983, French President François Mitterrand proposed the Grand Louvre plan to renovate the building and relocate the Finance Ministry, allowing displays throughout the building. Architect I. M. Pei was awarded the project and proposed a glass pyramid to stand over a new entrance in the main court, the Cour Napoléon. The pyramid and its underground lobby were inaugurated on 15 October 1988. The second phase of the Grand Louvre plan, La Pyramide Inversée (The Inverted Pyramid), was completed in 1993."
Wikipedia
2013: musée du Louvre #150
Fragments of the frieze of the Temple of Artemis Leukophryene at Magnesia ad Maeandrum
Temple of Artemis Leukophryene, Magnesia ad Maeandrum (Turkey)
Magnesia ad Maeandrum, Asia Minor (Turkey)
Early second century BC
High relief and bas-relief, marble
H. 0.81 m.; L. 3.77 m
Since 1843, the Louvre has housed one of the most important groups of architectural sculptures in the world.
The forty-three panels of the Ionic frieze of the Temple of Artemis Leukophryene ("with white eyebrows") at Magnesia ad Maeandrum make up the largest group of architectural sculptures in the Louvre.
Forty-three panels and fragments in the Louvre's collections which, along with numerous other sculpted panels, decorated the frieze of the Temple of Artemis at Magnesia ad Maeanderum, southeast of Ephesus.
The temple was built in the early second century BC and consecrated to a local deity, Artemis Leukophryene, known only to the Magnesians.
Some people consider her to be the descendant of an ancient Phrygian mother goddess. Others compare her with the Artemis honored at Ephesus. She probably had the general features of Artemis (huntress, mistress and protector of animals, etc.) but was also considered the founder and benefactress of the town.
The reliefs depict an amazonomachy, or battle between Greek warriors and Amazons. The edifice was mentioned by Vitruvius as being the work of the architect Hermogenes who developed certain innovations circa 200-190 BC.
The amazonomachy is conventional and repetitive, with groups of Greek warriors and Amazons fighting on foot and on horseback. The iconography is still very similar to the patterns devised in the fourth century BC, as on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, although the proportions of the figures are less massive in the Magnesia frieze. The violence of the fighting is rendered by oblique lines giving rhythm to the composition - rearing horses, the positions of duelists, and wounded fighters collapsed on the ground.
The building was designed by the architect Hermogenes. Hermogenes favored eustyle, that is to say columns two and a quarter diameters apart. The pediment of the temple had openings to allow the goddess to appear. Finally, a continuous frieze nearly 175 meters long, whose reliefs are now in Paris, Istanbul, and Berlin, ran around the building - a feature hitherto unknown in Ionic temples in Asia Minor.
www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/fragment-frieze-temple-ar...
"The Musée du Louvre, or officially Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre — is one of the world's largest museums, the most visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (district). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet).
The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortress built in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are still visible. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antique sculpture.
The museum opened on 10 August 1793 (the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise) with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The size of the collection increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed the Musée Napoléon. After the defeat of Napoléon at Waterloo, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and gifts since the Third Republic, except during the two World Wars. As of 2008, the collection is divided among eight curatorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and Drawings.
By 1874, the Louvre Palace had achieved its present form of an almost rectangular structure with the Sully Wing to the east containing the square Cour Carrée and the oldest parts of the Louvre; and two wings which wrap the Cour Napoléon, the Richelieu Wing to the north and the Denon Wing, which borders the Seine to the south. In 1983, French President François Mitterrand proposed the Grand Louvre plan to renovate the building and relocate the Finance Ministry, allowing displays throughout the building. Architect I. M. Pei was awarded the project and proposed a glass pyramid to stand over a new entrance in the main court, the Cour Napoléon. The pyramid and its underground lobby were inaugurated on 15 October 1988. The second phase of the Grand Louvre plan, La Pyramide Inversée (The Inverted Pyramid), was completed in 1993."
Wikipedia