View allAll Photos Tagged tutin
Saxifraga rosacea
Saxifraga rosacea, Irish saxifrage, or rosy saxifrage, is a herbaceous plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The epithet rosacea does not refer to its flowers which are white,[1] but to its radical sterile shoots which are often rosy.[2] Owing to this misleading epithet, the rosy-flowered Saxifraga × arendsii is sometimes misidentified as Saxifraga rosacea.
It spreads by stolons, forming a compact cushion of short leafy sterile shoots. Flowering stems may be up to 25 cm tall, bearing 4 to 5 white flowers with petals 6-10mm long.[3][4]
It is found in Northwestern and Central Europe.[3][5][6] It was believed to have become extinct in the UK in 1962, but cuttings from original specimens have allowed for its reintroduction in 2024.[7] It is usually found by mountain streams, but also grows on cliffs and scree slopes.[3]
Subspecies
Saxifraga rosacea subsp. rosacea: southern and central Germany, eastern France, Ireland, Iceland, and Faroe Islands; extinct in Great Britain.[6]
Saxifraga rosacea subsp. hartii: Arranmore Island.[6]
Saxifraga rosacea subsp. sponhemica: Belgium, Luxembourg, eastern France, western Germany, Czechoslovakia, and southwestern Poland.[6]
Saxifraga rosacea subsp. steinmannii: Czech Republic.[8]
References
"Saxifraga rosacea Moench subsp. rosacea". The National Data and Information Center on the Swiss Flora. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
Moench, Conrad (1794). Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis. Vol. v.1. Marburg: Officina Nova Libraria Academiae. p. 106.
^ a b c "Saxifraga rosacea subsp. rosacea | Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora". brc.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
"Home". Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
"Plants of Iceland: Saxifraga rosacea, Irish Saxifrage". iceland-nh.net. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
^ a b c d Tutin, T.G.; Burges, N.A.; Chater, A.O.; Edmondson, J.R.; Heywood, V.H.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M.; Webb, D.A. (1993). Flora Europaea. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 452. ISBN 0-521-41007-X.
Georgina Rannard (25 May 2024). "Extinct 'mountain jewel' plant returned to wild - in secret location". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
"Saxifraga rosacea subsp. steinmannii (Tausch) Holub". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
FR Atractyle de Tutin - ES Cardo heredero del cabo
Atractylis tutinii Franco (infrutescence après dispersion des graines)
Rocher en haut de falaise maritime (alt. 20 m)
La Fabriquilla (province d'Alméria, Andalousie, Espagne)
Indigène (Côtes du Sud-Est de la province d'Alméria)
カラスノエンドウ ‘アルバ’ (青軸素芯個体)
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh., 1780 ‘Alba’
(a true albino)
This subspecies is accepted. 05/05, 2023.
--------------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
--------------------------------------------
Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart (1742--1795)
--------------------------------------------
Publication:
Hannoverisches Magazin worin kleine Abhandlungen, ...gesamlet (Gesammelt) und aufbewahret sind. Hanover
------------------
Collation:
[18]: 229
------------------
Date of Publication:
18 Feb 1780
--------------------------------------------
The native range of this subspecies is Macaronesia, Temp. Eurasia, N. Africa to Kenya. It is a scrambling annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.
--------------------------------------------
Distribution Doubtfully present in:
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaïre
--------------------------------------------
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia
--------------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brazil South, California, Chile Central, Chile South, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Føroyar, Georgia, Great Britain, Hawaii, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Irkutsk, Jawa, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, South Australia, South Carolina, Svalbard, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia, Zimbabwe
--------------------------------------------
Basionym:
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L., Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 2: 1037. 1763. (Sp. Pl. (ed. 2))
--------------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Vicia nigra (Ehrh.) Dubois in Méth. Éprouv., ed. 2: 495 (1833)
Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia L. in Fl. Suec., ed. 2: 255 (1755)
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1037 (1763), nom. superfl.
--------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Cracca timbaliana Debeaux in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28(Rev. Bibliogr.): 73 (1881)
Vicia abyssinica Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861), nom. illeg.
Vicia amphicarpa forma albiflora (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa subvar. latifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma microcarpa Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma parvifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma paui (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma varia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia angustifolia Roth in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310 (1788), nom. illeg.
Vicia angustifolia L. in Amoen. Acad. 4: 105 (1759)
Vicia angustifolia forma albiflora Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 321 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. amphicarpa Alef. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 362 (1862)
Vicia angustifolia var. arvensis Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia var. aterrima Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. bobartii (E.Forst.) Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 202 (1882)
Vicia angustifolia var. forsteri Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. glabra Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. gracilis Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) Braun-Blanq. in Cat. Fl. Aigoual: 196 (1933)
Vicia angustifolia var. hortensis Merino in Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 500 (1904)
Vicia angustifolia forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 323 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. lucida Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. lutescens Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 183 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. major Wimm. et Grab. in Fl. Siles. 2(2): 60 (1829)
Vicia angustifolia var. minor (Bertol.) Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 110 (1943)
Vicia angustifolia var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia forma paui (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia (Rouy) Tardío in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56: 266 (1998)
Vicia angustifolia var. ramstadina Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. roseiflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 155 (1825)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878)
Vicia angustifolia var. sylvestris Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia proles thompsonii A.Reyn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 593 (1908)
Vicia angustifolia forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. uliginosa Merino in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 10: 192 (1901)
Vicia angustifolia var. umbricola Pau in Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 9: 58 (1910)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. uncinata (Desv.) Berher in L.Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 73 (1887)
Vicia angustifolia var. uncinata (Desv.) Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 184 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. willkommii Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861)
Vicia austroccidentalis Bomble et G.H.Loos in Florist. Rundbr. 38: 68 (2004)
Vicia basilei Sennen et Mauricio in É.M.G.Sennen, Diagn. Nouv.: 246 (1936)
Vicia bobartii E.Forst. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 442 (1830)
Vicia communis proles angustifolia (L.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 212 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia communis proles heterophylla (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. linearis Lange in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 212 (1865)
Vicia communis proles maculata (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. pseudoangustifolia Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 214 (1899)
Vicia communis var. segetalis (Thuill.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. uncinata Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia consobrina Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 192 (1874)
Vicia cuneata Guss. in Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 428 (1828)
Vicia cuneiformis Tourlet in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 132 (1908)
Vicia debilis Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 11: 402 (1882)
Vicia helvetica Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 361 (1825)
Vicia heterophylla C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 37 (1822)
Vicia heterophylla f. macrocarpa Merino in Fl. Galicia 3: 538 (1909)
Vicia intermedia Viv. in Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 42 (1824)
Vicia lanciformis Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia longifolia Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 169 (1866), nom. illeg.
Vicia lusitanica Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 542 (1893)
Vicia maculata C.Presl in Fl. Sicul.: xxiii (1826)
Vicia maculata Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 191 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia maculata var. minor Bertol. in Fl. Ital. 7: 520 (1847)
Vicia media Host in Fl. Austriaca 2: 335 (1827)
Vicia monosperma H.S.Thomps. in J. Bot. 44: 409 (1906), nom. illeg.
Vicia nebrodensis A.Huet ex Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878), not validly publ.
Vicia paui Merino in Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 1: 32 (1898)
Vicia perretii Colla in Herb. Pedem. 2: 217 (1834)
Vicia pilosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 161 (1808)
Vicia sallei Timb.-Lagr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: cxlix (1866)
Vicia sativa var. abyssinica Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 67 (1866)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Wahlenb. in Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 218 (1814), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 513 (1829), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa var. aristulata Chiov. in Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11: 29 (1940)
Vicia sativa var. atomaria Tedin in Bot.-kemisk Untersökning: 30 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia sativa subsp. consobrina (Pomel) Greuter & Burdet in Willdenowia 19: 34 (1989)
Vicia sativa subsp. cuneata (Guss.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1053 (1941)
Vicia sativa subvar. dissitijuga Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 209 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. helmeri Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) J.Duvign. in Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 17(Suppl.): 21 (1979)
Vicia sativa var. heterophylla (C.Presl) Fiori & Paol. in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 112 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. insubrica Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 511 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. linearifolia Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 615 (1821 publ. 1822)
Vicia sativa subsp. maculata (C.Presl) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. maculata (C.Presl) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 171 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. melanosperma Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 537 (1832)
Vicia sativa forma melanosperma (Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 965 (1909)
Vicia sativa var. minor Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 514 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. minutifolia Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 206 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. nemoralis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 307 (1807)
Vicia sativa subvar. onubensis Pau ex Guinea in Vezas, Arvejas Españ.: 30 (1953), nom. nud.
Vicia sativa subsp. pilosa (M.Bieb.) Plitmann & D.Zohary in Pl. Syst. Evol. 131: 146 (1979), without basionym ref.
Vicia sativa var. punctata Helm ex Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa var. sallei (Timb.-Lagr.) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 172 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.: 280 (1820)
Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Fl. Spa 2: 105 (1813)
Vicia sativa subsp. uncinata (Rouy) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 517 (2009)
Vicia scepusiensis Kit. in Linnaea 32: 629 (1864)
Vicia segetalis Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 367 (1799)
Vicia sngustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 198 (1832)
Vicia timbali Loret in H.Loret & A.Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier: 187, 804 (1876)
Vicia uncinata Desv. in Observ. Pl. Angers: 170 (1818)
--------------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
(2020). bsbi.org/archaeophytes. epublication.
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Chadde, S.W. (2019). Minnesota Flora. An illustrated guide to the vascular plants of Minnesota ed. 2: 1-776. Steve W. Chadde.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Krasnoborov, I.M. & Kleshcheva, E.A. (2013). Findings of rare species in Novosibirskaya oblast. Rastitel'nyj mir Aziatskoj Rossii 1(11): 32-36.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist.
Meyers, S.C. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Oregon 2: 1-861. Botanical research institute of Texas Press.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Pope, G.V., Polhill, R.N. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2003). Flora Zambesiaca 3(7): 1-274. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rodríguez, R., Grau, J., Baeza, C. & Davies, A. (2008). Lista comentada de las plantas vasculares de los Nevados de Chillan, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 65: 153-197.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea ed. 2, 1: 1-581. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Baker, J. G. (1877). Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Hickman, J. C. (ed.) (1993). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. 1400pp.
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Pavlova, N. S. (1989). Fabaceae. In Plantae... Orientis Extremi. Vol. 4. Leningrad(Rus)
Polhill, R, M. (1990). Legumineuses. In: Flore des Mascareignes, Vol 80. J. Bosser et a
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1954). Flora Azerbaidzhana, Vol 5. Baku. (Rus)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1962). In: Flora Armenii, Vol. 4. Jerevan. (Rus)
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
Ulziykhutag, N. (1989). Bobovye Mongolskoi Narodnoi Respubliki, Vol. 2. Doct. Thes.
Verdcourt, B. (1979). A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae, PNG
--------------------------------------------
Accepted By:
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
--------------------------------------------
General:
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
--------------------------------------------
SONY NEX-C3
OLYMPUS OM Zuiko MC Auto Macro 50mm F3.5
フシネハナカタバミ ‘ローズ・ガーデン’
Oxalis articulata Savigny, 1797 ‘Rose Garden’
First published in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 686 (1798)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 11/22, 2023.
(My Original Seedling & Selection)
-------------------------------------
Family: Oxalidaceae (APG IV)
-------------------------------------
Authors:
Marie Jules César Lélorgne de Savigny (1777-1851)
------------------
In Authors:
Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck (1744-1829)
-------------------------------------
Publication:
Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... Paris
------------------
Collation:
4(2): 686
------------------
Date of Publication:
1 Nov 1798
-------------------------------------
The native range of this species is S. Brazil to N. Argentina. It is a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses, as a medicine and for food.
-------------------------------------
Native to:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil South, Uruguay
-------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Arkansas, Azores, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kriti, Libya, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portugal, South Carolina, Spain, Tasmania, Texas, Turkey, Virginia, Yugoslavia
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonym:
Acetosella articulata (Savigny) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 91 (1891)
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Acetosella platensis (A.St.-Hil. et Naudin) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Acetosella rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Oxalis arechavaletae Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 211 (1943)
Oxalis articulata f. crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 138 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. floribunda (Lehm.) B.Bock in Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 215 (2012), with incorrect basionym ref.
Oxalis articulata f. guttata (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata f. halophila (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata var. hirsuta Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata subsp. nodulosa Beauverd et Felipp. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 13: 270 (1921 publ. 1922)
Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 137 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata var. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis canterae Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 226 (1900)
Oxalis chilensis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 518 (1805)
Oxalis crassipes Urb. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 242 (1884)
Oxalis dumicola Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 231 (1900)
Oxalis floribunda Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis floribunda var. alba Vilm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 111 (1906)
Oxalis glandulosa Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 158 (1923), nom. illeg.
Oxalis guttata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 228 (1900)
Oxalis halophila Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 227 (1900)
Oxalis lasiandra Graham in Bot. Mag. 68: t. 3896 (1841), nom. illeg.
Oxalis lasiopetala var. pubescens Progel in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 487 (1877)
Oxalis lasiophylla A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis martii G.Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1523 (1830), nom. nud.
Oxalis monticola var. sericea R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 209 (1930)
Oxalis platensis A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis praecox Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis pseudostipulata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 211 (1900)
Oxalis racemosa Savigny in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 684 (1798)
Oxalis rivalis Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 230 (1900)
Oxalis rubra A.St.-Hil. in Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 124 (1825)
Oxalis sericea Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 223 (1900), nom. illeg.
Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex F.Phil. in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil.: 40 (1881)
-------------------------------------
Publications:
-------------------
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC....
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66(4): 1085–1113.
Burger, W.C. 1991. Family 98. Oxalidaceae. In: W. C. Burger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 28: 2–16, fig. 2–4. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2016. Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae. 12: i–xxiv, 1–603. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. A. A. U. Rep. 34: 1–443.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Lourteig, A. 2000. Oxalis L. subgéneros Monoxalis (Small) Lourt., Oxalis y Trifidus Lourt. Bradea 7(2): 201–629.
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 [Onwards]. An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la república Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.
-------------------------------------
Nikon Z7
Leica APO-Macro-Elmarit R 100mm F2.8
カラスノエンドウ ‘アルバ’ (青軸素芯個体)
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh., 1780 ‘Alba’
(a true albino)
This subspecies is accepted. 05/05, 2023.
--------------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
--------------------------------------------
Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart (1742--1795)
--------------------------------------------
Publication:
Hannoverisches Magazin worin kleine Abhandlungen, ...gesamlet (Gesammelt) und aufbewahret sind. Hanover
------------------
Collation:
[18]: 229
------------------
Date of Publication:
18 Feb 1780
--------------------------------------------
The native range of this subspecies is Macaronesia, Temp. Eurasia, N. Africa to Kenya. It is a scrambling annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.
--------------------------------------------
Distribution Doubtfully present in:
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaïre
--------------------------------------------
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia
--------------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brazil South, California, Chile Central, Chile South, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Føroyar, Georgia, Great Britain, Hawaii, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Irkutsk, Jawa, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, South Australia, South Carolina, Svalbard, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia, Zimbabwe
--------------------------------------------
Basionym:
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L., Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 2: 1037. 1763. (Sp. Pl. (ed. 2))
--------------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Vicia nigra (Ehrh.) Dubois in Méth. Éprouv., ed. 2: 495 (1833)
Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia L. in Fl. Suec., ed. 2: 255 (1755)
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1037 (1763), nom. superfl.
--------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Cracca timbaliana Debeaux in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28(Rev. Bibliogr.): 73 (1881)
Vicia abyssinica Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861), nom. illeg.
Vicia amphicarpa forma albiflora (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa subvar. latifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma microcarpa Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma parvifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma paui (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma varia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia angustifolia Roth in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310 (1788), nom. illeg.
Vicia angustifolia L. in Amoen. Acad. 4: 105 (1759)
Vicia angustifolia forma albiflora Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 321 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. amphicarpa Alef. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 362 (1862)
Vicia angustifolia var. arvensis Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia var. aterrima Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. bobartii (E.Forst.) Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 202 (1882)
Vicia angustifolia var. forsteri Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. glabra Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. gracilis Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) Braun-Blanq. in Cat. Fl. Aigoual: 196 (1933)
Vicia angustifolia var. hortensis Merino in Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 500 (1904)
Vicia angustifolia forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 323 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. lucida Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. lutescens Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 183 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. major Wimm. et Grab. in Fl. Siles. 2(2): 60 (1829)
Vicia angustifolia var. minor (Bertol.) Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 110 (1943)
Vicia angustifolia var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia forma paui (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia (Rouy) Tardío in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56: 266 (1998)
Vicia angustifolia var. ramstadina Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. roseiflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 155 (1825)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878)
Vicia angustifolia var. sylvestris Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia proles thompsonii A.Reyn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 593 (1908)
Vicia angustifolia forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. uliginosa Merino in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 10: 192 (1901)
Vicia angustifolia var. umbricola Pau in Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 9: 58 (1910)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. uncinata (Desv.) Berher in L.Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 73 (1887)
Vicia angustifolia var. uncinata (Desv.) Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 184 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. willkommii Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861)
Vicia austroccidentalis Bomble et G.H.Loos in Florist. Rundbr. 38: 68 (2004)
Vicia basilei Sennen et Mauricio in É.M.G.Sennen, Diagn. Nouv.: 246 (1936)
Vicia bobartii E.Forst. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 442 (1830)
Vicia communis proles angustifolia (L.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 212 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia communis proles heterophylla (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. linearis Lange in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 212 (1865)
Vicia communis proles maculata (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. pseudoangustifolia Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 214 (1899)
Vicia communis var. segetalis (Thuill.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. uncinata Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia consobrina Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 192 (1874)
Vicia cuneata Guss. in Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 428 (1828)
Vicia cuneiformis Tourlet in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 132 (1908)
Vicia debilis Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 11: 402 (1882)
Vicia helvetica Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 361 (1825)
Vicia heterophylla C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 37 (1822)
Vicia heterophylla f. macrocarpa Merino in Fl. Galicia 3: 538 (1909)
Vicia intermedia Viv. in Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 42 (1824)
Vicia lanciformis Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia longifolia Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 169 (1866), nom. illeg.
Vicia lusitanica Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 542 (1893)
Vicia maculata C.Presl in Fl. Sicul.: xxiii (1826)
Vicia maculata Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 191 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia maculata var. minor Bertol. in Fl. Ital. 7: 520 (1847)
Vicia media Host in Fl. Austriaca 2: 335 (1827)
Vicia monosperma H.S.Thomps. in J. Bot. 44: 409 (1906), nom. illeg.
Vicia nebrodensis A.Huet ex Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878), not validly publ.
Vicia paui Merino in Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 1: 32 (1898)
Vicia perretii Colla in Herb. Pedem. 2: 217 (1834)
Vicia pilosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 161 (1808)
Vicia sallei Timb.-Lagr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: cxlix (1866)
Vicia sativa var. abyssinica Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 67 (1866)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Wahlenb. in Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 218 (1814), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 513 (1829), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa var. aristulata Chiov. in Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11: 29 (1940)
Vicia sativa var. atomaria Tedin in Bot.-kemisk Untersökning: 30 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia sativa subsp. consobrina (Pomel) Greuter & Burdet in Willdenowia 19: 34 (1989)
Vicia sativa subsp. cuneata (Guss.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1053 (1941)
Vicia sativa subvar. dissitijuga Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 209 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. helmeri Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) J.Duvign. in Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 17(Suppl.): 21 (1979)
Vicia sativa var. heterophylla (C.Presl) Fiori & Paol. in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 112 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. insubrica Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 511 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. linearifolia Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 615 (1821 publ. 1822)
Vicia sativa subsp. maculata (C.Presl) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. maculata (C.Presl) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 171 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. melanosperma Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 537 (1832)
Vicia sativa forma melanosperma (Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 965 (1909)
Vicia sativa var. minor Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 514 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. minutifolia Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 206 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. nemoralis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 307 (1807)
Vicia sativa subvar. onubensis Pau ex Guinea in Vezas, Arvejas Españ.: 30 (1953), nom. nud.
Vicia sativa subsp. pilosa (M.Bieb.) Plitmann & D.Zohary in Pl. Syst. Evol. 131: 146 (1979), without basionym ref.
Vicia sativa var. punctata Helm ex Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa var. sallei (Timb.-Lagr.) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 172 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.: 280 (1820)
Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Fl. Spa 2: 105 (1813)
Vicia sativa subsp. uncinata (Rouy) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 517 (2009)
Vicia scepusiensis Kit. in Linnaea 32: 629 (1864)
Vicia segetalis Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 367 (1799)
Vicia sngustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 198 (1832)
Vicia timbali Loret in H.Loret & A.Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier: 187, 804 (1876)
Vicia uncinata Desv. in Observ. Pl. Angers: 170 (1818)
--------------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
(2020). bsbi.org/archaeophytes. epublication.
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Chadde, S.W. (2019). Minnesota Flora. An illustrated guide to the vascular plants of Minnesota ed. 2: 1-776. Steve W. Chadde.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Krasnoborov, I.M. & Kleshcheva, E.A. (2013). Findings of rare species in Novosibirskaya oblast. Rastitel'nyj mir Aziatskoj Rossii 1(11): 32-36.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist.
Meyers, S.C. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Oregon 2: 1-861. Botanical research institute of Texas Press.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Pope, G.V., Polhill, R.N. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2003). Flora Zambesiaca 3(7): 1-274. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rodríguez, R., Grau, J., Baeza, C. & Davies, A. (2008). Lista comentada de las plantas vasculares de los Nevados de Chillan, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 65: 153-197.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea ed. 2, 1: 1-581. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Baker, J. G. (1877). Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Hickman, J. C. (ed.) (1993). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. 1400pp.
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Pavlova, N. S. (1989). Fabaceae. In Plantae... Orientis Extremi. Vol. 4. Leningrad(Rus)
Polhill, R, M. (1990). Legumineuses. In: Flore des Mascareignes, Vol 80. J. Bosser et a
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1954). Flora Azerbaidzhana, Vol 5. Baku. (Rus)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1962). In: Flora Armenii, Vol. 4. Jerevan. (Rus)
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
Ulziykhutag, N. (1989). Bobovye Mongolskoi Narodnoi Respubliki, Vol. 2. Doct. Thes.
Verdcourt, B. (1979). A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae, PNG
--------------------------------------------
Accepted By:
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
--------------------------------------------
General:
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
--------------------------------------------
SONY NEX-C3
OLYMPUS OM Zuiko MC Auto Macro 50mm F3.5
Maserati 3500GT Vignale Spyder (1957-64) Engine 3485cc S6 Production approx 2000 (including the Coupe)
Registration Number OSU 857 (age related - number used for Kinross)
MASERATI SET
www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/sets/72157623795907478...
The 3500GT was launched as a Coupe in 1957 with a design by Carrozzeria Touring he first two 3500 GT prototypes were shown at the 1957 Geneva Motorshow on a 102.4 inch wheelbase and with and aluminium body. The first production cars became available in late 1957. The 3500 GT was built on a tube platform chassis, constructed from tubes of square, round or elliptic section. Front suspension was by double wishbones coil springs, hydraulic dampers and an anti-roll bar; at the rear there was a Salisbury solid axle on semi-elliptic leaf springs, with hydraulic dampers an anti-roll bar and a longitudinal torque arm, steering was by recirculating ball and the braking was initially Girling 12 inch finned drum brakes. Later discs were introduced on the front with drums on the rear and finally discs all round.
Powered by a Maserati 350S-derived DOHC, 12-valve straight-six cylinder engine of 3485cc with an aluminium block and cast iron cylinder sleeves; cylinder heads were aluminium, with cast iron valve seats and hemispherical combustion chambers. It was equipped with mechanical Marelli ignition, dual ignition and dual fuel pump, developing 217bhp hen fitted with three twin-choke 42 DCOE Weber carburetor, or 232bhp with Lucas mechanical fuel injection.
In 1958 the Coupe was joined by the Spyder,, the convertible prototype being unveiled at the 1958 Tutin Motorshow, designed by Giovanni Michelotti at Vignale. The Convertibile did not feature Touring's Superleggera construction, but rather a steel body with aluminium bonnet, boot lid and optional hard top, it was built on a wheelbase 10cm shorter than the Coupe and weighed 1380kg (3036 lbs). Fewer Spyders were built than the Coupe with both models sharing the same mechanical updates.
Many Thanks for a fan'dabi'dozi 31,158,900 views
Shot 167.11.2014 at The National Exhibition Centre, Classic and Sportscar Show Ref 103-522
フシネハナカタバミ ‘ローズ・ガーデン’
Oxalis articulata Savigny, 1797 ‘Rose Garden’
First published in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 686 (1798)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 11/22, 2023.
(My Original Seedling & Selection)
-------------------------------------
Family: Oxalidaceae (APG IV)
-------------------------------------
Authors:
Marie Jules César Lélorgne de Savigny (1777-1851)
------------------
In Authors:
Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck (1744-1829)
-------------------------------------
Publication:
Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... Paris
------------------
Collation:
4(2): 686
------------------
Date of Publication:
1 Nov 1798
-------------------------------------
The native range of this species is S. Brazil to N. Argentina. It is a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses, as a medicine and for food.
-------------------------------------
Native to:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil South, Uruguay
-------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Arkansas, Azores, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kriti, Libya, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portugal, South Carolina, Spain, Tasmania, Texas, Turkey, Virginia, Yugoslavia
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonym:
Acetosella articulata (Savigny) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 91 (1891)
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Acetosella platensis (A.St.-Hil. et Naudin) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Acetosella rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Oxalis arechavaletae Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 211 (1943)
Oxalis articulata f. crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 138 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. floribunda (Lehm.) B.Bock in Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 215 (2012), with incorrect basionym ref.
Oxalis articulata f. guttata (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata f. halophila (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata var. hirsuta Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata subsp. nodulosa Beauverd et Felipp. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 13: 270 (1921 publ. 1922)
Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 137 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata var. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis canterae Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 226 (1900)
Oxalis chilensis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 518 (1805)
Oxalis crassipes Urb. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 242 (1884)
Oxalis dumicola Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 231 (1900)
Oxalis floribunda Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis floribunda var. alba Vilm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 111 (1906)
Oxalis glandulosa Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 158 (1923), nom. illeg.
Oxalis guttata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 228 (1900)
Oxalis halophila Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 227 (1900)
Oxalis lasiandra Graham in Bot. Mag. 68: t. 3896 (1841), nom. illeg.
Oxalis lasiopetala var. pubescens Progel in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 487 (1877)
Oxalis lasiophylla A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis martii G.Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1523 (1830), nom. nud.
Oxalis monticola var. sericea R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 209 (1930)
Oxalis platensis A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis praecox Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis pseudostipulata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 211 (1900)
Oxalis racemosa Savigny in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 684 (1798)
Oxalis rivalis Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 230 (1900)
Oxalis rubra A.St.-Hil. in Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 124 (1825)
Oxalis sericea Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 223 (1900), nom. illeg.
Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex F.Phil. in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil.: 40 (1881)
-------------------------------------
Publications:
-------------------
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC....
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66(4): 1085–1113.
Burger, W.C. 1991. Family 98. Oxalidaceae. In: W. C. Burger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 28: 2–16, fig. 2–4. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2016. Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae. 12: i–xxiv, 1–603. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. A. A. U. Rep. 34: 1–443.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Lourteig, A. 2000. Oxalis L. subgéneros Monoxalis (Small) Lourt., Oxalis y Trifidus Lourt. Bradea 7(2): 201–629.
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 [Onwards]. An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la república Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.
-------------------------------------
Nikon D800E
Nikon AF Micro-Nikkor 60mm F2.8D
jkasjakjasks salgo ma fea en la foto pero no ahi mas zs!
esta fotin me la sake en la noche kasjksa kuando iba a salir qon la toronja su novio i el manuel :$ jkasjksajsk juro qe la pase mui iien jkasjask me kawe de la risa ese dia jskajsak lo uniko malo qe al otro dia andaba mui kawa de tutin zs me entre a las 6:30 de la mñn zszs!! pero la pase mui iien :) ......
Uiii akii qon en copia la e pasado la raja viendo a mis viejos amigos rekordando viejos tiempos zs claro ke ahora tamos mas grande eso si hksajkasj solo un poko zs! bno alwunos an kambiado mucho sisisisisisii otros no siwen iwual bno iwual cambian su forma de pensar i ver la vida jkasjksajks me salio qomo de grande zs! pero es vdd viendo a mi mejores dos amigas de akiii qe las extrañaba un montonaso hace mil añitos qe no las veia ui qon mi negrita aun asimos kawa jkasjksjkas bno las dos somos mas loka juntas la xiki esta trankilita iwual es ma xikitin ke nosotras zs! AMO A ESSTAS MINAS wiii! son mui de piel juro qe quendo vi a mis negrita asiii fue qomo su afrazo i io kede asi qomo plo :O no sabia ke hacer qomo qe se me habia pewao lo frea de la ente de aya jkasjkasjk pero despues no los abaxitos venian i ivan fue limdo a.a :$ LA EXTRAÑABA MUCHO :'( bno iwual ia estoi x irme creo me voi el viernes o sabado em dara penita iwual peroo iwual me ayudo mucho verlas :) Uiiii solo qiero ver a una x personita jaskjksa ke se habia ido pero mis amigas me dieron no si volvio i lo uniko ke espero es verlo waaaaaaaaaa! fue mi primer pololo :$ kasjkajs pololis de niñitos jaskjskjas aun me akuerdo kuando me eskondia de mi papa kuando el me iva aver zs ii el saliiia i despues volviia jkashaskhaskjhas son mui lindos los rekuerdo espero verlo antes de ke me baia sisisiis aunke sea de lejitos :$ ......
BNO BESOOS A MI AMIGA BEIA KE LA AMO MUCHO MUCHO BESOOOS...
ZS IWUAL BESOOS AL NIÑO JOTE QE QIERE KAMBIAR PERO QE IWUAL NOS JOTIAMOS MUTUAMENTE KJASKASJKSAJKASJSAK BROMA TKM TU LO SHAVII :$
フシネハナカタバミ ‘ローズ・ガーデン’
Oxalis articulata Savigny, 1797 ‘Rose Garden’
First published in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 686 (1798)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 11/22, 2023.
(My Original Seedling & Selection)
-------------------------------------
Family: Oxalidaceae (APG IV)
-------------------------------------
Authors:
Marie Jules César Lélorgne de Savigny (1777-1851)
------------------
In Authors:
Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck (1744-1829)
-------------------------------------
Publication:
Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... Paris
------------------
Collation:
4(2): 686
------------------
Date of Publication:
1 Nov 1798
-------------------------------------
The native range of this species is S. Brazil to N. Argentina. It is a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses, as a medicine and for food.
-------------------------------------
Native to:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil South, Uruguay
-------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Arkansas, Azores, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kriti, Libya, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portugal, South Carolina, Spain, Tasmania, Texas, Turkey, Virginia, Yugoslavia
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonym:
Acetosella articulata (Savigny) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 91 (1891)
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Acetosella platensis (A.St.-Hil. et Naudin) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Acetosella rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Oxalis arechavaletae Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 211 (1943)
Oxalis articulata f. crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 138 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. floribunda (Lehm.) B.Bock in Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 215 (2012), with incorrect basionym ref.
Oxalis articulata f. guttata (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata f. halophila (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata var. hirsuta Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata subsp. nodulosa Beauverd et Felipp. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 13: 270 (1921 publ. 1922)
Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 137 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata var. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis canterae Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 226 (1900)
Oxalis chilensis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 518 (1805)
Oxalis crassipes Urb. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 242 (1884)
Oxalis dumicola Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 231 (1900)
Oxalis floribunda Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis floribunda var. alba Vilm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 111 (1906)
Oxalis glandulosa Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 158 (1923), nom. illeg.
Oxalis guttata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 228 (1900)
Oxalis halophila Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 227 (1900)
Oxalis lasiandra Graham in Bot. Mag. 68: t. 3896 (1841), nom. illeg.
Oxalis lasiopetala var. pubescens Progel in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 487 (1877)
Oxalis lasiophylla A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis martii G.Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1523 (1830), nom. nud.
Oxalis monticola var. sericea R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 209 (1930)
Oxalis platensis A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis praecox Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis pseudostipulata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 211 (1900)
Oxalis racemosa Savigny in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 684 (1798)
Oxalis rivalis Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 230 (1900)
Oxalis rubra A.St.-Hil. in Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 124 (1825)
Oxalis sericea Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 223 (1900), nom. illeg.
Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex F.Phil. in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil.: 40 (1881)
-------------------------------------
Publications:
-------------------
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC....
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66(4): 1085–1113.
Burger, W.C. 1991. Family 98. Oxalidaceae. In: W. C. Burger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 28: 2–16, fig. 2–4. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2016. Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae. 12: i–xxiv, 1–603. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. A. A. U. Rep. 34: 1–443.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Lourteig, A. 2000. Oxalis L. subgéneros Monoxalis (Small) Lourt., Oxalis y Trifidus Lourt. Bradea 7(2): 201–629.
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 [Onwards]. An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la república Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.
-------------------------------------
Nikon D800E
SIGMA MF Macro 90mm F2.8 Ultra Compact
MF for Nikon Ai-s Mount
Dedicated AC Close-up Lens for “SIGMA Macro 90mm F2.8” used.
フシネハナカタバミ ‘ローズ・ガーデン’
Oxalis articulata Savigny, 1797 ‘Rose Garden’
First published in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 686 (1798)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 11/22, 2023.
(My Original Seedling & Selection)
-------------------------------------
Family: Oxalidaceae (APG IV)
-------------------------------------
Authors:
Marie Jules César Lélorgne de Savigny (1777-1851)
------------------
In Authors:
Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck (1744-1829)
-------------------------------------
Publication:
Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique ... Paris
------------------
Collation:
4(2): 686
------------------
Date of Publication:
1 Nov 1798
-------------------------------------
The native range of this species is S. Brazil to N. Argentina. It is a tuberous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is has environmental uses, as a medicine and for food.
-------------------------------------
Native to:
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil South, Uruguay
-------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Albania, Algeria, Arkansas, Azores, Bolivia, Bulgaria, California, East Aegean Is., Ecuador, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kriti, Libya, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portugal, South Carolina, Spain, Tasmania, Texas, Turkey, Virginia, Yugoslavia
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonym:
Acetosella articulata (Savigny) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 91 (1891)
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Acetosella platensis (A.St.-Hil. et Naudin) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Acetosella rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 93 (1891)
Oxalis arechavaletae Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 211 (1943)
Oxalis articulata f. crassipes (Urb.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 138 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. floribunda (Lehm.) B.Bock in Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 215 (2012), with incorrect basionym ref.
Oxalis articulata f. guttata (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata f. halophila (Arechav.) Osten ex R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 210 (1930)
Oxalis articulata var. hirsuta Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata subsp. nodulosa Beauverd et Felipp. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 13: 270 (1921 publ. 1922)
Oxalis articulata subsp. rubra (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig in Phytologia 50: 137 (1982)
Oxalis articulata subsp. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis articulata var. sericea Progel in C.F.P.von Martius et auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 488 (1877)
Oxalis canterae Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 226 (1900)
Oxalis chilensis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 518 (1805)
Oxalis crassipes Urb. in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 242 (1884)
Oxalis dumicola Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 231 (1900)
Oxalis floribunda Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis floribunda var. alba Vilm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 111 (1906)
Oxalis glandulosa Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 158 (1923), nom. illeg.
Oxalis guttata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 228 (1900)
Oxalis halophila Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 227 (1900)
Oxalis lasiandra Graham in Bot. Mag. 68: t. 3896 (1841), nom. illeg.
Oxalis lasiopetala var. pubescens Progel in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 12(2): 487 (1877)
Oxalis lasiophylla A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis martii G.Lodd. in Bot. Cab. 16: t. 1523 (1830), nom. nud.
Oxalis monticola var. sericea R.Knuth in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 130: 209 (1930)
Oxalis platensis A.St.-Hil. et Naudin in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 18: 30 (1842)
Oxalis praecox Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1826: 17 (1826)
Oxalis pseudostipulata Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 211 (1900)
Oxalis racemosa Savigny in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 684 (1798)
Oxalis rivalis Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 230 (1900)
Oxalis rubra A.St.-Hil. in Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 124 (1825)
Oxalis sericea Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 3: 223 (1900), nom. illeg.
Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex F.Phil. in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Chil.: 40 (1881)
-------------------------------------
Publications:
-------------------
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC....
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Khodashenas, M. & Amini, T. (2012). A new record and a key to the species of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18: 196-198.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Nobis, M. & al. (2018). Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 7. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany Letters 165: 200-222.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66(4): 1085–1113.
Burger, W.C. 1991. Family 98. Oxalidaceae. In: W. C. Burger (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 28: 2–16, fig. 2–4. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2016. Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae. 12: i–xxiv, 1–603. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador—A checklist. A. A. U. Rep. 34: 1–443.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Lourteig, A. 2000. Oxalis L. subgéneros Monoxalis (Small) Lourt., Oxalis y Trifidus Lourt. Bradea 7(2): 201–629.
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 [Onwards]. An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la república Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.
-------------------------------------
Nikon D800E
SIGMA MF Macro 90mm F2.8 Ultra Compact
MF for Nikon Ai-s Mount
Dedicated AC Close-up Lens for “SIGMA Macro 90mm F2.8” used.
Không tạo cảm giác thỏa mãn để ép mình phấn đấu liên tục là quan điểm sống của người đẹp thời trang. Nó giúp Huỳnh Thanh Tuyền tự tin và bình thản bước vào cuộc thi quốc tế sắp tới.
THOMAS, WILLIAM, architect, water-colourist, and engineer; b. c. 1799 in Suffolk, England, son of William Thomas and Ann —; m. 17 Sept. 1826 Martha Tutin in Birmingham, England, and they had four sons and six daughters; d. 26 Dec. 1860 in Toronto.
William Thomas’s significance among his generation of architects in British North America lies not only in the outstanding nature of the work he executed but also in the unique opportunity his career affords of tracing the relationship between his extensive preparation in England and his work in Canada, the latter being more accomplished and much more important relatively. Other architects such as John George Howard*, George Browne*, Frederic William Cumberland*, and Thomas Fuller* arrived when they were much younger than Thomas, with the result that their early work is unknown. Thomas came in his maturity.
Shortly after William’s birth, the family settled at Chalford, Gloucestershire, where his father was innkeeper of the Clothier’s Arms. William and his three brothers all entered the building trades. John, the youngest, was apprenticed to a letter-carver or mason at first, studied briefly under William in the early 1830s, and achieved some success as an architect; he is, however, best remembered as one of the most prolific sculptors of the period. Between 1812 and 1819 William was apprenticed to John Gardiner, a local carpenter and joiner.
Some time after receiving his indenture papers, William moved to Birmingham, where he married Martha Tutin in 1826. He may have been the pupil of Richard Tutin, a builder-turned-architect who was apparently a relative of Martha. In 1829 Thomas entered into partnership with him, but it was probably dissolved the following year. In 1832 Thomas moved to nearby Leamington, a flourishing watering-place in Warwickshire. Here he had a varied career: initially serving as agent for a developer, he promoted and executed his own building speculation schemes and designed numerous buildings for clients. The failure of a local bank in 1837 may have obliged him to apply for the office of town surveyor – he was acting surveyor in 1838–39 – and undoubtedly precipitated his bankruptcy in 1840, along with those of most of the other building speculators in Leamington. Thomas had opened a branch-office in Birmingham, but there were few architectural commissions available because of widespread depression in the early 1840s.
Thomas’s architectural work in England comprises designs for a remarkable range of structures, including houses, churches, shops, a conservatory, a public bath complex, and iron and stone bridges. The bulk of his work, however, consisted chiefly of speculative housing for the middle class in Leamington. He is known to have designed town houses on Beauchamp Terrace, beginning in 1831, and two chapels in 1834. Two impressive housing complexes followed the next year: Lansdowne Circus, a horseshoe-shaped grouping of plain Georgian-style semi-detached houses and villas (most with decorative cast-iron porches and balconies under tent-shaped roofs), and adjacent Lansdowne Crescent, a curving terrace of connected and landscaped town houses executed in a fully elaborated classical style. For Lansdowne Crescent, Thomas had acquired the property in partnership, furnished the designs, and developed some parcels with covenants requiring conformity in the design of façades. In a somewhat similar vein he was responsible for the development on Brandon Parade and Holly Walk (which adjoined both the crescent and the circus) of about ten villas, in a mixture of Grecian and Gothic Revival designs. Before his bankruptcy Thomas lived in one of these villas, Elizabethan Place, which is conspicuously dated 1836 and signed “WT.” A combination of small volumes balanced in effective groupings with ornamental flourishes at the edges is characteristic of the mature Thomas. Victoria Terrace, Pump Room and Baths, a multipurpose building begun in Leamington in 1837, formed a major focus of the town and was his grandest work in England.
In Duddeston (Birmingham) he erected St Matthew’s Church (Anglican) in 1839–40. This rectangular brick building, executed in a mixture of Early English and Decorated Gothic Revival styles with a projecting three-storey tower at the west end, would be used by Thomas as a basis in developing many of his Canadian churches. In the same years he was also responsible for a palatial draper’s shop in Birmingham called Warwick House. A water-colour by Thomas of this highly ornamented block, which was bombed in World War II, shows a four-storey building of seven bays, with immense display windows set between graceful piers opening up the ground floor, while the second and third floors are set off by colossal columns and the fourth floor is richly treated as an attic. This was a successful formula for commercial structures and would be used for one of Thomas’s best-known works in Canada. In essence, Thomas’s career up to this point forms a modest and provincial parallel, in its range of activity, styles, and enterprise, to that of John Nash, the fashionable architect who had done so much to reshape London in the first quarter of the 19th century.
In December 1842 Thomas sent to press a slim book entitled Designs for monuments and chimney pieces, a discreet piece of self-advertisement which was published in London the following year. Consisting of 41 lithographed plates with 46 Grecian, Roman, Gothic and Elizabethan patterns, the book is indicative of the eclectic approach to architectural design prevalent during the late Georgian and early Victorian periods. Like most other designers, Thomas felt free to choose historical revival styles that were deemed fitting to the location and function of a work. His churches, for example, were generally designed in the Gothic style, which readily identified their religious function and association with the devout Christian beliefs of the Middle Ages.
In April 1843 Thomas left England for Toronto. Precisely what prompted him, in his early 40s, to emigrate with his wife and eight children or to choose Toronto for his new home is unknown. His forced bankruptcy three years earlier and the dearth of work must have been contributing causes, but the key factor was probably his ambition. Toronto, which was entering a boom period with a population of more than 15,000 but with only three practising architects, was an appealing location for an industrious architect. Thomas’s journal of his transatlantic crossing in 1843 reveals an acute and well-informed observer. He emerges from the journal as a patient and loving father, a warm and sympathetic man. Possessed of a considerable sense of humour, he was very sociable as well and enjoyed chess, card-playing, conversation, singing, and dancing. Thomas settled with his family at 5 York Street and opened an office at 55 King Street East, in the city’s main commercial district. His first major commission in Toronto seems to have been the Commercial Bank of the Midland District on Wellington Street. Designed in 1844 and built a year later, it was one of the earliest banks fashioned in the Greek Revival mode in British North America and its façade remains one of the best examples of that style in the city. The only other bank known to have been designed by Thomas, the Bank of British North America, Hamilton (1847–49), has been demolished.
It was, however, his churches that brought early acclaim. Reputedly there were eventually more than 30 of these, 12 in Toronto alone. The first, St Paul’s Church (Anglican) in London, was erected in 1844–46 of red brick (with a white-brick front) in the Decorated Gothic style. Described by William Henry Smith* in the year of its completion as “the handsomest gothic church in Canada West,” it was elevated to cathedral status in 1857 [see Benjamin Cronyn*] and extended in the 1890s by means of transepts.
Before St Paul’s was completed, Thomas commenced his most ambitious ecclesiastical work and the largest church in Toronto at the time, St Michael’s Cathedral (Roman Catholic), which was constructed in 1845–48 of the then-fashionable white brick. Extending from Bond to Church streets on the north side of Shuter, its long flank commanded McGill Square before that area was built over. St Michael’s too was designed in the Decorated Gothic style, but on a cruciform plan, and it was both more substantial and more ornamental in character than St Paul’s. The congregation could not immediately afford Thomas’s tower and spire; these and the dormers were later added by the firm of Thomas Gundry and Henry Langley*. A palace for Bishop Michael Power* was also designed by Thomas, in the Tudor Revival style, and was erected in 1845 on Church Street just north of the cathedral.
Thomas was especially favoured by Presbyterian congregations, particularly those created as a result of the disruption of 1844 [see Robert Burns*]. In Toronto alone he designed Knox’s Church (Free Presbyterian), Queen Street (1847–48), a church for the United Presbyterian congregation of the Reverend John Jennings*, Bay Street (1848), and Cooke’s Church (Free Presbyterian), Queen Street (1857–58). But he worked for many other denominations in the city, designing the Methodist New Connexion Church, Temperance Street (1846), the Unitarian Church, Jarvis Street (1854), Zion Church (Congregational), Bay and Adelaide streets (1855–56), and the German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bond Street (1856–57). All have been torn down or replaced.
Although Thomas was unsuccessful in the 1849 competition for the Church of England cathedral in Toronto, he received commissions in 1851–52 from Anglican congregations in Guelph and Hamilton which resulted in churches of considerable significance. St George’s Church in Guelph, begun in 1851, was not only one of the first churches executed in the Romanesque Revival style in British North America but was also one of the first based on an asymmetrical plan. Three bays, including a corner tower forming a porch on the axis of Wyndham Street, were added in stone to an existing wooden church. Designs drafted by Thomas in 1856 for the rest of the church and for an elegant interior were not implemented and the church was later demolished. In Hamilton, where he had opened an office by 1849, possibly in the care of his son William Tutin, Thomas began work on Christ’s Church (now the Anglican cathedral) in 1852. This was his most adventurous work structurally, calling for a stone building on a basilican plan, with a tall nave carried on piers, a decoratively treated open wooden roof, clerestory lighting, flanking aisles, and a short but distinct chancel. These features suggest that the design was an early instance in this province of the ritualistic neo-medievalism advocated in architectural design by the Ecclesiological Society in England, though Thomas was by no means doctrinaire in his designs for churches. Only the chancel and two bays of Christ’s Church were built, as tall additions to Robert Charles Wetherell’s neoclassical wooden church of 1842, and the disjointed effect gave rise to the name “the hump-backed church.” In 1873–77 it was completed. Simpler churches were well within Thomas’s capability and at least three still stand: St George’s-on-the-Hill Church (Anglican) of 1847 in Etobicoke (Toronto), the Free Presbyterian Church (now Grace United) of 1852 in Niagara (Niagara-on-the-Lake), and MacNab Street Church (Presbyterian) of 1856 in Hamilton. Of these, the Niagara church is particularly appealing. Executed in a predominantly Romanesque mode, it features chunky corbel tables and pilaster strips which look less skimped than those in his conventional Gothic designs.
Thomas’s design for another Presbyterian church in Hamilton, the well-preserved St Andrew’s (renamed St Paul’s in 1874), was his most successful composition. It was begun in 1854 on a large budget, which encouraged a rich treatment in stone and an elaborate interior. The tower is bold and massive, with deep angle buttresses and dense carving in areas such as the entrance and the gables. The octagonal spire is apparently the only stone spire erected in Ontario. The interior is equally striking in the richness of its sombre decoration, carved in dark wood. Although the cost proved ruinous for its congregation, the church has been consistently admired: in 1901 the Canadian Architect and Builder regarded it as still “well worth the study of architects” because “the construction is genuine” and “an essential part of the aim was honest work.”
Thomas was busy almost continuously designing a succession of significant public buildings for centres throughout British North America. These include the Fireman’s Hall and Mechanics’ Institute building, Toronto (1845), the combined district court-house, town hall, and market, Niagara (1846–48), the Talbot District Jail, Simcoe (1847–48), the House of Industry, Toronto (1848), the Kent County Court-House, Chatham (1848–49), the St Lawrence Hall, Arcade, and Market building, Toronto (1849–51), the town hall and market-house, Peterborough (1851), the town hall and market, Guelph (1856–57), the custom-house, Quebec (1856–60), the town hall and market-house, Stratford (1857), the city jail (now known as the Don Jail), Toronto (1859–64), and the Halifax County Court-House, Halifax (1858–62). All survive except those in Peterborough and Stratford, and the Fireman’s Hall and Mechanics’ Institute building in Toronto. Most of these commissions were won in competition and follow a common formula in their design: a long symmetrical front, with a projecting frontispiece under a pediment, often with colossal orders, seated on a heavy base. Not all of Thomas’s competition designs were successful. In 1859, for example, he was an unsuccessful entrant in the contest for the parliament buildings in Ottawa.
The best known of Thomas’s public structures is undoubtedly St Lawrence Hall in Toronto which, with its original arcade and market, comprised the St Lawrence Buildings. An earlier town hall and market on the site, designed by Henry Bowyer Joseph Lane, were destroyed in the fire of 1849 and Thomas immediately received the commission for their replacements, his design closely following his successful (but unexecuted) competition design of 1845 for refronting the earlier buildings. The St Lawrence Buildings were I-shaped, with the hall fronting on King Street, the market on Front Street, and the 200-foot arcade between the two. The hall contained shops on the ground floor, committee rooms on the second, and an assembly room on the third, the latter offering a more dignified space for concerts, balls, lectures, and the like than those provided by local hotels or the earlier town hall and market. An enlarged and more controlled version of Thomas’s Warwick House (executed in Birmingham nearly a decade earlier), St Lawrence Hall is his most graceful exercise in classical design. The market and arcade have been replaced, but the hall has been refurbished and remains an important civic focus.
Thomas’s earlier public buildings at Niagara and Chatham are both Late Georgian in style and nearly as restrained as St Lawrence Hall, but most of his other public works were designed in a forceful Victorian version of the Renaissance Revival style. There is a deliberate crudity of scale and texture in these visually powerful buildings which reflects their association with the law, public administration, and commerce. They are characterized by blocky masses, rugged surfaces, and abrupt transitions. The Halifax County Court-House best displays these characteristics in Thomas’s later public buildings. The dominant feature of this sandstone structure is its heavily textured frontispiece with bands of contrasting stone at every level up to the stout brackets that support the simple pediment. The three splendid keystones, which are carved in the form of sombre bearded heads and alternate with lion’s-head medallions, are hallmarks of Thomas’s last, and most vigorous, architectural phase.
His civic architecture also included public schools, which were just beginning to be designed in Canada as architecturally distinctive institutions. His Union School in London (1849), described two years later in a government report as “by far the finest school house in the Province,” was followed by designs for two schools in Toronto. In 1851 the city’s first elected school-board, under the chairmanship of Dr Joseph Workman*, launched a school-design competition. Thomas’s plan was used in 1852–53 for the Park and Louisa Street schools. These were designed in the Tudor style, which was popular for institutional buildings because it afforded ample lighting and ventilation as well as an interesting silhouette, all within a reasonable budget. All three schools have been demolished. In 1853 Thomas received the commission for the combined county grammar and common schools in Goderich.
The columnar monument to Sir Isaac Brock* on Queenston Heights (1853–56) is arguably Thomas’s most florid composition. It is 185 feet tall, rising from a richly trophied base guarded by carved lions. A colossal statue of Brock stands on a lavish capital, designed by Thomas himself rather than drawn from the classical orders. Gates, a lodge, and steps, all completed in 1859, frame the monument in scenographic fashion. Thomas displayed a stone model of it at the universal exposition in Paris in 1855.
His English work had consisted largely of housing and numerous Canadian examples can be identified. In Toronto, a handsome row of houses called Wellington Terrace, built on Wellington Street in 1847, has been demolished, but three units of another group, built in 1848, survive on Church Street behind St Michael’s Cathedral. In Hamilton, Thomas’s firm was said by the Halifax Reporter in 1860 to be responsible for “the greater number of the very beautiful private residences that meet the eye in every direction.” Surviving work there attributed to Thomas includes Undermount (on John Street), designed for John Young* in the Italianate style in 1847, and two Gothic villas: the Presbyterian manse (at Herkimer and Park streets), completed in 1854, and Inglewood (on Inglewood Drive), built for Archibald Kerr about the same date. Thomas’s Wilderness House (1848–51), built for Aeneas Kennedy, was destroyed in 1853. Thomas also designed a villa in London for Lawrence Lawrason*. His own Toronto residence, Oakham House (1848), a Gothic composition on Church Street, stands but has been gutted and additions replace his office wing on Gould Street; his 1859 Italianate home on Mutual Street has been destroyed. He is also known to have built houses in Toronto for at least six prominent businessmen, including John McMurrich*. Among Thomas’s last known residential works was the house, which still stands, built in St Catharines in 1859–60 for William Hamilton Merritt*.
Mixed commercial and residential buildings by Thomas were surely numerous too. The first of these was probably the Adelaide Buildings on Yonge Street (1844), which were altered in 1853 and subsequently torn down. In 1846 William Henry Smith described some stores designed by him and under construction on King Street, Toronto, as “the handsomest buildings of the kind in Canada, and equal to anything to be seen in England.” Although some of the stores were damaged in the fire of 1849 and others were demolished later, several still survive, now generally altered. More stylish were two Italianate works, both large-scale dry-goods businesses: the 1847 store (named the Golden Lion in 1849) of Robert Walker and Thomas Hutchinson on King Street and the premises of Ross, Mitchell and Company, built at Yonge and Colborne streets about 1856. Both have been demolished. In a period of vigorous economic growth in Canada, at least three other Toronto firms, including Bryce, McMurrich and Company, commissioned buildings from Thomas, who also designed stores in Port Hope and Hamilton.
Thomas formally took two of his sons, William Tutin and Cyrus Pole, both of whom he had trained, into his flourishing business in January 1857 and the firm became William Thomas and Sons. It was shortly to expand again. Thomas’s design for Knox’s Church in Toronto had so impressed visiting members of St Matthew’s Church (Presbyterian) in Halifax that, when it was destroyed by fire in 1857, his firm was asked to design its replacement, which was built on Barrington Street in 1858–59 and still stands. This project brought the Thomas firm to Halifax, where Cyrus opened an office in 1858. The firm’s successful entry that year in the county court-house competition no doubt led to commissions after the fire of 1859 for rebuilding much of the commercial section at the north end of Granville Street [see George Lang*]. At least 12 four-storey buildings, more than half of the new construction, were designed by the firm and nearly all were completed by the end of 1860. The group is remarkable not only for the number and variety of the commissions (executed simultaneously for no less than eight different clients) but for the impact of the resulting streetscape, which survives. Contiguous properties called the Palace Buildings were handled uniformly as the largest single design. Unity of effect elsewhere in the group was achieved through the use of stone (from different Nova Scotian quarries), elevations of related height, and recurring rhythms. All but one building had decorative cast-iron shop-fronts, which are important as early examples of this type of construction in British North America. Cyrus Pole Thomas visited Daniel D. Badger’s Architectural Iron Works in New York in 1860 to arrange for the shop-fronts and internal detailing, some of which were later reproduced in Badger’s lavish publication, Illustrations of iron architecture.
Thomas had risen quickly in Canada and had made a number of connections in the Toronto community and elsewhere. Concerned for the public enjoyment of the arts, he was probably instrumental in establishing the Toronto Society of Arts in 1847; he was elected its first president and showed his architectural drawings at the society’s exhibitions of 1847 and 1848. He maintained limited contact with English architecture through the publications that he bought and the visit he paid in 1851 to the Great Exhibition in London, where his brother John exhibited sculpture. When John George Howard made a trip to England in 1853, Thomas served as city engineer in his stead and was appointed to superintend the work on Toronto’s Esplanade. He also trained architects of the next generation, including, in addition to his sons, William George Storm*, who became a leading architect in Toronto, first in partnership with Frederic William Cumberland and then on his own.
The role played latterly by the sons in Thomas’s business is difficult to determine. The later work of William Tutin, who moved to Montreal about 1863, is both more assured and more flamboyant than that of his father; Cyrus, who worked in Montreal before settling in Chicago, claimed credit for the firm’s Haligonian work. It is reasonable, however, to assume a division of labour in William Thomas’s last years. He suffered “long and continued illness,” necessitating a journey to England in 1858. The financial burden of illness and treatment is reflected in the firm’s extra efforts to collect new commissions and overdue payments. There was ever-increasing competition for architectural work: by 1859 there were 16 architects in Toronto, many of them well trained in the latest developments in style and construction. Thomas’s seniority was nevertheless recognized and he was elected president in 1860 of the Association of Architects, Civil Engineers and Provincial Land Surveyors of the Province of Canada, which had been established the previous year.
William Thomas died on 26 Dec. 1860 of diabetes, according to cemetery records. Survived by his wife and six of their ten children, he was buried in the family’s plot at St James’ Cemetery beneath the handsome Grecian tombstone which he no doubt had designed. Although his obituary in the Globe commented conventionally that he would be remembered for “his kindly social qualities which endeared him to a numerous circle of friends,” the statement rings true. A portrait, a bust, and a photograph all show an engaging figure. Moreover, maintaining a successful practice required a diplomatic touch in an era when, increasingly, important commissions were for public buildings, which entailed intense professional competition and often difficult negotiations with building committees.
A combination of experience, ambition, and personality made him a leading architect, with the largest architectural practice in British North America. He apparently prided himself on his ability to design substantial structures which could be built at reasonable cost. When Upper Canada was experiencing a great wave of prosperity, Thomas and a handful of other architects, including William Hay* and Kivas Tully*, were able to design major buildings for the fast-growing communities: churches to express their faith, civic structures to display their pride and their optimism about the future, and commercial buildings and residences to reveal their growing wealth.
Thomas was the versatile architect who, in the manner of his period, worked in various styles, some of which he rendered in a fashion that can be clearly identified as his. The prevailing aesthetic of the picturesque movement was especially important to him, with its emphasis on variety and richness of visual effect. But deeply rooted in his work too was the older Georgian tradition of compactness, balance, and regularity. Such conservatism of style is not surprising in one who immigrated to the colony in mid life and whose contact with professional developments in Britain was limited to rare return visits and the receipt of publications. What is all the more remarkable, in contrast to other designers of the same generation working in British North America, is Thomas’s professional maturation and independence which was demonstrated, in the work he produced in his last decade, by his new-found confidence in large works, his use of cast-iron, and his own form of the Italianate style. But although he continued to develop, the financial constraints imposed by some clients, a limited range of materials, and a shortage of skilled workmen must have contributed to a certain severity that is also noticeable in his architecture.
It was no mean achievement to have made a major contribution to Leamington’s residential street-scape; subsequently Thomas reshaped the skyline of Canadian cities from Halifax to London with a series of churches and public buildings. George P. Ure, in his Hand-book of Toronto, claimed that “his high professional talent and correct taste have tended greatly to the embellishment and improvement” of Toronto, above all. Thomas’s obituary in the Globe concurred: “To him we owe some of the most tasteful buildings of which our city can boast.” His contributions to the development of architecture as well as the scope and quality of his work substantiate Thomas Ritchie’s claim that William Thomas was “one of the founders of the Canadian architectural profession.”
カラスノエンドウ ‘アルバ’ (青軸素芯個体)
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh., 1780 ‘Alba’
(a true albino)
This subspecies is accepted. 05/05, 2023.
--------------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
--------------------------------------------
Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart (1742--1795)
--------------------------------------------
Publication:
Hannoverisches Magazin worin kleine Abhandlungen, ...gesamlet (Gesammelt) und aufbewahret sind. Hanover
------------------
Collation:
[18]: 229
------------------
Date of Publication:
18 Feb 1780
--------------------------------------------
The native range of this subspecies is Macaronesia, Temp. Eurasia, N. Africa to Kenya. It is a scrambling annual and grows primarily in the temperate biome.
--------------------------------------------
Distribution Doubtfully present in:
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaïre
--------------------------------------------
Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia
--------------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brazil South, California, Chile Central, Chile South, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Føroyar, Georgia, Great Britain, Hawaii, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Irkutsk, Jawa, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Rwanda, Réunion, South Australia, South Carolina, Svalbard, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, Western Australia, Zimbabwe
--------------------------------------------
Basionym:
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L., Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 2: 1037. 1763. (Sp. Pl. (ed. 2))
--------------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Vicia nigra (Ehrh.) Dubois in Méth. Éprouv., ed. 2: 495 (1833)
Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia L. in Fl. Suec., ed. 2: 255 (1755)
Vicia sativa L. var. nigra L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1037 (1763), nom. superfl.
--------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Cracca timbaliana Debeaux in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28(Rev. Bibliogr.): 73 (1881)
Vicia abyssinica Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861), nom. illeg.
Vicia amphicarpa forma albiflora (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa subvar. latifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma microcarpa Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma parvifolia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 174 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma paui (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia amphicarpa forma varia Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 10: 175 (1912)
Vicia angustifolia Roth in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310 (1788), nom. illeg.
Vicia angustifolia L. in Amoen. Acad. 4: 105 (1759)
Vicia angustifolia forma albiflora Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 321 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. amphicarpa Alef. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 20: 362 (1862)
Vicia angustifolia var. arvensis Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia var. aterrima Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. bobartii (E.Forst.) Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 202 (1882)
Vicia angustifolia var. forsteri Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. glabra Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. gracilis Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) Braun-Blanq. in Cat. Fl. Aigoual: 196 (1933)
Vicia angustifolia var. hortensis Merino in Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 500 (1904)
Vicia angustifolia forma hortensis (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 323 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. lucida Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia var. lutescens Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 183 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. major Wimm. et Grab. in Fl. Siles. 2(2): 60 (1829)
Vicia angustifolia var. minor (Bertol.) Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 110 (1943)
Vicia angustifolia var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia forma paui (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. pseudoangustifolia (Rouy) Tardío in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56: 266 (1998)
Vicia angustifolia var. ramstadina Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 71 (1861)
Vicia angustifolia subvar. roseiflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia angustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 155 (1825)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878)
Vicia angustifolia var. sylvestris Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 217 (1824)
Vicia angustifolia proles thompsonii A.Reyn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 593 (1908)
Vicia angustifolia forma uliginosa (Merino) Merino in Fl. Galicia 1: 322 (1905)
Vicia angustifolia var. uliginosa Merino in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 10: 192 (1901)
Vicia angustifolia var. umbricola Pau in Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 9: 58 (1910)
Vicia angustifolia subsp. uncinata (Desv.) Berher in L.Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 73 (1887)
Vicia angustifolia var. uncinata (Desv.) Corb. in Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 184 (1894)
Vicia angustifolia var. willkommii Alef. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 72 (1861)
Vicia austroccidentalis Bomble et G.H.Loos in Florist. Rundbr. 38: 68 (2004)
Vicia basilei Sennen et Mauricio in É.M.G.Sennen, Diagn. Nouv.: 246 (1936)
Vicia bobartii E.Forst. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 442 (1830)
Vicia communis proles angustifolia (L.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 212 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia communis proles heterophylla (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. linearis Lange in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 212 (1865)
Vicia communis proles maculata (C.Presl) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 211 (1899), nom. illeg.
Vicia communis var. parviflora Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. pseudoangustifolia Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 214 (1899)
Vicia communis var. segetalis (Thuill.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia communis var. uncinata Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 213 (1899)
Vicia consobrina Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 192 (1874)
Vicia cuneata Guss. in Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 428 (1828)
Vicia cuneiformis Tourlet in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 132 (1908)
Vicia debilis Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 11: 402 (1882)
Vicia helvetica Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 361 (1825)
Vicia heterophylla C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 37 (1822)
Vicia heterophylla f. macrocarpa Merino in Fl. Galicia 3: 538 (1909)
Vicia intermedia Viv. in Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 42 (1824)
Vicia lanciformis Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 183 (1865)
Vicia longifolia Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 169 (1866), nom. illeg.
Vicia lusitanica Freyn in Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 542 (1893)
Vicia maculata C.Presl in Fl. Sicul.: xxiii (1826)
Vicia maculata Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 191 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia maculata var. minor Bertol. in Fl. Ital. 7: 520 (1847)
Vicia media Host in Fl. Austriaca 2: 335 (1827)
Vicia monosperma H.S.Thomps. in J. Bot. 44: 409 (1906), nom. illeg.
Vicia nebrodensis A.Huet ex Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1878), not validly publ.
Vicia paui Merino in Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 1: 32 (1898)
Vicia perretii Colla in Herb. Pedem. 2: 217 (1834)
Vicia pilosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 161 (1808)
Vicia sallei Timb.-Lagr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: cxlix (1866)
Vicia sativa var. abyssinica Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 67 (1866)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. angustifolia Wahlenb. in Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 218 (1814), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 513 (1829), nom. illeg.
Vicia sativa var. aristulata Chiov. in Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11: 29 (1940)
Vicia sativa var. atomaria Tedin in Bot.-kemisk Untersökning: 30 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. bobartii (E.Forst.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 197 (1836)
Vicia sativa subsp. consobrina (Pomel) Greuter & Burdet in Willdenowia 19: 34 (1989)
Vicia sativa subsp. cuneata (Guss.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1053 (1941)
Vicia sativa subvar. dissitijuga Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 209 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. helmeri Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa subsp. heterophylla (C.Presl) J.Duvign. in Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 17(Suppl.): 21 (1979)
Vicia sativa var. heterophylla (C.Presl) Fiori & Paol. in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 112 (1900)
Vicia sativa var. insubrica Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 511 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. linearifolia Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 615 (1821 publ. 1822)
Vicia sativa subsp. maculata (C.Presl) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889)
Vicia sativa var. maculata (C.Presl) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 171 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. melanosperma Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 537 (1832)
Vicia sativa forma melanosperma (Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 965 (1909)
Vicia sativa var. minor Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4: 514 (1829)
Vicia sativa var. minutifolia Pérez Lara in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 206 (1892)
Vicia sativa var. nemoralis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 307 (1807)
Vicia sativa subvar. onubensis Pau ex Guinea in Vezas, Arvejas Españ.: 30 (1953), nom. nud.
Vicia sativa subsp. pilosa (M.Bieb.) Plitmann & D.Zohary in Pl. Syst. Evol. 131: 146 (1979), without basionym ref.
Vicia sativa var. punctata Helm ex Tup. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 1929: 386 (1930)
Vicia sativa var. sallei (Timb.-Lagr.) Burnat in Fl. Alpes Marit. 2: 172 (1896)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.: 280 (1820)
Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis (Thuill.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 680 (1875)
Vicia sativa var. segetalis (Thuill.) Lej. in Fl. Spa 2: 105 (1813)
Vicia sativa subsp. uncinata (Rouy) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 517 (2009)
Vicia scepusiensis Kit. in Linnaea 32: 629 (1864)
Vicia segetalis Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 367 (1799)
Vicia sngustifolia var. segetalis (Thuill.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 198 (1832)
Vicia timbali Loret in H.Loret & A.Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier: 187, 804 (1876)
Vicia uncinata Desv. in Observ. Pl. Angers: 170 (1818)
--------------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.
------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
(2020). bsbi.org/archaeophytes. epublication.
Ackerfield, J. (2015). Flora of Colorado: 1-818. BRIT Press.
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Chadde, S.W. (2019). Minnesota Flora. An illustrated guide to the vascular plants of Minnesota ed. 2: 1-776. Steve W. Chadde.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Dobignard, A., Jacquemoud, F. & Jordan, D. (1992). Matériaux pour la conaissance floristique du Sahara occidental et l'Anti-Atlas méridional. II. Leguminosae à Compositae. Candollea 47: 397-481.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Krasnoborov, I.M. & Kleshcheva, E.A. (2013). Findings of rare species in Novosibirskaya oblast. Rastitel'nyj mir Aziatskoj Rossii 1(11): 32-36.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist.
Meyers, S.C. & al. (eds.) (2020). Flora of Oregon 2: 1-861. Botanical research institute of Texas Press.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Pope, G.V., Polhill, R.N. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2003). Flora Zambesiaca 3(7): 1-274. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Rodríguez, R., Grau, J., Baeza, C. & Davies, A. (2008). Lista comentada de las plantas vasculares de los Nevados de Chillan, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 65: 153-197.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Troupin, G. (ed.) (1983). Flora du Rwanda 2: 1-603. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1993). Flora Europaea ed. 2, 1: 1-581. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Baker, J. G. (1877). Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Hickman, J. C. (ed.) (1993). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. 1400pp.
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Pavlova, N. S. (1989). Fabaceae. In Plantae... Orientis Extremi. Vol. 4. Leningrad(Rus)
Polhill, R, M. (1990). Legumineuses. In: Flore des Mascareignes, Vol 80. J. Bosser et a
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1954). Flora Azerbaidzhana, Vol 5. Baku. (Rus)
Tamamshyan, S. G. (1962). In: Flora Armenii, Vol. 4. Jerevan. (Rus)
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
Ulziykhutag, N. (1989). Bobovye Mongolskoi Narodnoi Respubliki, Vol. 2. Doct. Thes.
Verdcourt, B. (1979). A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae, PNG
--------------------------------------------
Accepted By:
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
--------------------------------------------
General:
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
--------------------------------------------
SONY NEX-C3
OLYMPUS OM Zuiko MC Auto Macro 50mm F3.5
エノコログサ
Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., 1812
This name is accepted. 08/25, 2022.
----------------------------------------------------------
Family: Poaceae (APG IV)
----------------------------------------------------------
Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Georges Eugène Charles Beauvisage (1852-1925)
----------------------------------------------------------
Publication:
Essai d'une nouvelle agrostographie; ou nouveaux genres des graminées; avec figures représentant les caractères de tous les genres. Paris
----------------------------------------------------------
Collation
51, 171, 178
----------------------------------------------------------
Date of Publication
Dec 1812
----------------------------------------------------------
Distribution:Old World to C. & SE. Australia
(10) den fin grb nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SWI 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KRI ROM SIC TUE YUG (14) blr blt KRY ruc rue run RUS ruw UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN (21) azo CNY MDR 22 MTN NGR 24 CHA SUD 30 ALT BRY CTA IRK KRA TVA WSB YAK 31 AMU KHA KUR PRM SAK 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 NCS TCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LBS PAL SIN TUR 35 GST KUW OMA SAU 36 CHC CHI CHM CHN CHQ CHS CHT CHX 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN EHM NEP PAK WHM 41 CBD MYA THA VIE (42) jaw† LSI PHI SUM 43 NWG 50 NSW NTA QLD SOA TAS VIC (51) ctm nzn nzs (70) nwt yuk (71) abt brc man sas (72) nbr nfl nsc ont pei que (73) col ida mnt ore was wyo (74) ill iow kan min mso nda neb okl sda wis (75) cnt ini mai mas mic nwh nwj nwy ohi pen ver wva (76) ari cal nev uta (77) nwm tex (78) ala ark del fla geo kty lou mry msi nca sca ten vrg wdc (79) mxc mxe mxg mxn mxt (80) cos pan (81) ber (84) bzc bze bzl bzn bzs (85) age ags agw clc cln uru
Lifeform:Ther. or hemicr.
Original Compiler:W.D.Clayton, R.Govaerts, K.T.Harman, H.Williamson & M.Vorontsova
----------------------------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Panicum viride L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 870 (1759).
Pennisetum viride (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 195 (1810).
Panicum italicum var. viride (L.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 277 (1885).
Pennisetum italicum var. viride (L.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 227 (1885).
Chamaeraphis italica var. viridis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 767 (1891).
Chamaeraphis viridis (L.) Millsp., Prelim. Cat. Fl. W. Virginia: 466 (1892).
Ixophorus viridis (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 423 (1895).
Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39 (1897).
Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, sér. 4, 38: 85 (1912).
Setariopsis viridis (L.) Samp., Herb. Port., Apend 2: 4 (1914).
----------------------------------------------------------
Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Panicum viride L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 870 (1759).
----------------------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Panicum laevigatum Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 578 (1779).
Panicum verticillatum var. minus Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 46 (1784).
Panicum qualelinnaei Krock., Fl. Siles. 1: 88 (1787).
Panicum reclinatum Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 64 (1787).
Panicum bicolor Moench, Methodus: 206 (1794).
Panicum viride var. maius Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 18 (1811).
Setaria weinmannii Roem. et Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 490 (1817).
Setaria viridis var. major Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 157 (1821 publ. 1822).
Panicum purpurascens Opiz, Flora 5: 266 (1822), nom. nud.
Setaria purpurascens Opiz, Böhm. Phan. Crypt. Gew.: 12 (1823), nom. nud.
Setaria nana Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 139 (1824).
Setaria rubicunda Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 139 (1824).
Setaria viridis subsp. nana (Dumort.) Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 139 (1824).
Panicum viride var. rubicundum (Dumort.) Lej., Rev. Fl. Spa: 217 (1825).
Panicum humile Thunb. ex Trin., Gram. Panic.: 164 (1826), pro syn.
Panicum viride lusus humile Trin., Gram. Panic.: 164 (1826).
Setaria viridis var. reclinata (Vill.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 148 (1827).
Panicum viride var. humifusum Lej. et Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg. 1: 52 (1828).
Panicum viride var. nanum Lej. et Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg. 1: 52 (1828).
Panicum viride var. aristatum Pauquy, Statist. Bot. Somme: 435 (1831).
Panicum viride var. semiaristatum Pauquy, Statist. Bot. Somme: 435 (1831).
Panicum viride var. triangulare Pauquy, Statist. Bot. Somme: 435 (1831).
Panicum viride var. viviparum Bertol., Fl. Ital. 1: 421 (1834).
Setaria reclinata (Vill.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 148 (1836).
Setaria viridis var. minor W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl.: 773 (1837).
Setaria viridis var. maior (Gaudin) Peterm., Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 77 (1838), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis var. purpurascens Peterm., Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 77 (1838).
Setaria viridis var. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) Heynh., Nom. Bot. Hort.: 751 (1840).
Panicum viride var. brevisetum Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 128 (1843).
Panicum viride var. longisetum Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 128 (1843).
Setaria viridis var. breviseta Godr., Fl. Lorraine 3: 127 (1844).
Setaria viridis var. vivipara (Bertol.) Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 112 (1850).
Panicum viride var. gracillimum Le Gall, Fl. Morbihan: 677 (1852).
Panicum comosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53 (1853).
Panicum psilocaulon Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50 (1853).
Panicum viridescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 51 (1853).
Panicum comosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 417 (1854), nom. illeg.
Panicum pycnocomum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 462 (1854).
Setaria comosa (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468 (1857).
Setaria viridis var. purpurascens Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 330 (1859), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis var. colorata Martrin-Donos, Fl. Tarn: 781 (1864).
Setaria viridis var. nodiflora Sacc., Acta Ist. Venet. 1864: 865 (1865).
Setaria chlorantha Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 723 (1866).
Setaria viridis var. arenosa Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 723 (1866).
Setaria viridis var. laevigata Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 723 (1866).
Setaria viridis var. minor Ducommun, Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 875 (1869).
Setaria italica var. rubicunda (Dumort.) Koltz, Prodr. Fl. Grand-Duché Luxemb.: 184 (1873).
Panicum viride var. giganteum Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 162 (1877).
Panicum pachystachys Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 594 (1878).
Setaria viridis var. gigantea (Franch. et Sav.) Matsum., Cat. Pl. Herb. Sci. Coll. Univ. Tokyo: 225 (1886).
Setaria viridis var. purpurascens Peck ex Dudley, Cornell Univ. Sci. Bull. 2: 122 (1886), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis var. secunda Beck, Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 46 (1890).
Setaria viridis var. declinata F.Gérard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 19: 42 (1897 publ. 1898).
Setaria viridis var. recta F.Gérard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 19: 42 (1897 publ. 1898).
Setaria pachystachys (Franch. et Sav.) Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 443 (1897).
Setaria pachystachys var. lanceolata Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 443 (1897).
Setaria viridis f. maxima Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 443 (1897).
Setaria viridis var. crypsoides Touss. & Hoschedé, Bull. Soc. Amis Sci. Nat. Rouen, sér. 4, 33: 270 (1898).
Panicum viride f. pygmaeum Asch. et Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 77 (1899).
Panicum viride var. pygmaeum Asch. et Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 77 (1899).
Panicum viride var. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) Asch. et Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 77 (1899).
Setaria viridis f. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) Neuman, Sver. Fl.: 778 (1901).
Setaria viridis var. breviseta (Döll) Hitchc., Rhodora 8: 210 (1906), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis var. prostrata Albert in A.Albert & Jahand., Cat. Pl. Vasc. Var: 522 (1908).
Setaria fallax Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 3: 365 (1909).
Setaria viridis var. stenostachya Merino, Fl. Galicia 3: 233 (1909).
Setaria viridis var. ramosa Goiran, Gram. Nice: 11 (1910).
Setaria gigantea (Franch. et Sav.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 227 (1911).
Panicum giganteum (Franch. et Sav.) E.H.L.Krause, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29(2): 142 (1912), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis f. pygmaea (Asch. et Graebn.) Junge, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30(Beih. 3): 142 (1913).
Chaetochloa viridis var. breviseta (Döll) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 86 (1923).
Chaetochloa viridis var. maior (Gaudin) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 86 (1923).
Chaetochloa viridis var. minor (W.D.J.Koch) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 86 (1923).
Chaetochloa viridis var. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 39 (1923).
Chaetochloa gigantea (Franch. et Sav.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 199 (1924).
Chaetochloa gigantea var. furcata Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 200 (1924).
Chaetochloa gigantea var. pilosa Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 199 (1924).
Chaetochloa viridis subvar. lanceolata (Matsum.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 198 (1924).
Chaetochloa viridis subvar. linearis Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 198 (1924).
Chaetochloa viridis var. pachystachys (Franch. et Sav.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 198 (1924).
Chaetochloa viridis var. japonica Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 302 (1925).
Setaria gigantea var. pilosa (Honda) Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Japan: 1498 (1925).
Setaria viridis subvar. lanceolata (Matsum.) Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Japan: 1499 (1925).
Setaria viridis subvar. linearis (Honda) Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Japan: 1499 (1925).
Chaetochloa comosa (Steud.) Koidz., Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat.: 51 (1930).
Setaria comosa var. pilosa (Honda) Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 440 (1930).
Setaria glareosa Petrov, Fl. Iakut. 1: 118 (1930).
Setaria viridis var. japonica (Koidz.) Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 240 (1930).
Setaria viridis f. misera Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 243 (1930), nom. nud.
Setaria viridis subvar. rufescens Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 242 (1930).
Setaria viridis f. nana Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 421 (1932), nom. illeg.
Setaria depressa Honda, Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 2: 11 (1935).
Setaria viridis var. maritima Hara, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 287 (1938).
Setaria viridis var. pilosa Hara, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 287 (1938).
Setaria pycnocoma (Steud.) Henrard ex Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 393 (1939).
Setaria viridis var. brevifolia Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 99 (1939).
Setaria viridis var. depressa (Honda) Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo, App. 1: 93 (1939).
Setaria arenaria Kitag., Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 77 (1940).
Setaria viridis subsp. pachystachys (Franch. et Sav.) Masam. et Yanagita, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 327 (1941).
Setaria viridis var. pachystachys (Franch. & Sav.) Masam. & Yanagita, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 327 (1941).
Setaria viridis f. japonica (Koidz.) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 52 (1942).
Setaria ketzchovelii Menabde et Erizin, Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 11: 196 (1947).
Setaria italica var. maior (Gaudin) Ohwi, Acta Phytoecol. Geobot. Sin. 11: 51 (1952).
Setaria viridis subsp. pycnocoma (Steud.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 19 (1968).
Setaria viridis var. robusta-alba M.M.Schreib., Weed Sci. 19: 424 (1971).
Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea M.M.Schreib., Weed Sci. 19: 425 (1971).
Setaria viridis f. arenosa (Schur) Morariu, Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 78 (1972).
Setaria italica subsp. pycnocoma (Steud.) De Wet, Kulturpflanze 29: 190 (1981).
Setaria viridis subsp. minor (Thunb.) T.Koyama, Grass. Japan: 529 (1987), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis subsp. glareosa (Petrov) Peschkova, Fl. Sibir. 2: 241 (1990).
Setaria viridis subsp. purpurascens Peschkova, Fl. Sibir. 2: 241 (1990), nom. illeg.
Setaria viridis subsp. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 183 (2000).
Setaria italica var. pachystachys (Franch. et Sav.) B.Bock, Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 216 (2012), with incorrect basionym.
Setaria italica subsp. weinmannii (Roem. et Schult.) B.Bock, Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 220 (2012).
Setaria maximowiczii Tzvelev et Prob., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 10 (2013).
----------------------------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by:
Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa , ed. 2, 3(2): 277-574.
Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
Walker, E.H. (1976). Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu islands: 1-1159. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A..
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of Pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Kharkevich, S.S., Probatova, N.S. & Novikov, V.S. (1985). Sosudistye rasteniia sovetskogo Dal’nego Vostoka 1: 1-383. Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, Leningrad.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Meikle, R.D. (1985). Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Al-Rawi, A. (1987). Flora of Kuwait 2: 1-455. Alden Press Ltd., U.K..
Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (1994). Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F..
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions 1: 1-546. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Broekfield.
Jongbloed, M., Western, R.A. & Boer, B. (2000). Annotated Check-list for plants in the U.A.E.: 1-90. Zodiac Publishing, Dubai.
Press, J.R. et al. (2000). Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal: i-x, 1-430. Natural History Museum, London.
Noltie, H.J. (2000). Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Malyschev, L.I. & Peschkova, G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 2: 1-362. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina area: 1-517. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
Boulos, L. (2005). Flora of Egypt 4: 1-617. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dávila, P., Mejia-Saulés, M.T., Gómez-Sánchez, N., Valdés-Reyna, J., Ortíz, J.J., Morín, C., Castrejón, J. & Ocampo, A. (2006). Catálogo de las Gramíneas de México: 1-671. CONABIO, México city.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Cope, T.A., Knees, S.G. & Miller, A.G. (2007). Flora of the Arabian peninsula and Socotra 5(1): 1-387. Edinburgh University Press.
Grubov, V.I. (2008). Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia (with an atlas) 2: 1-503. Academy of Sciences, Mongolian People's Republic, Ulaan Bator.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Kandwal, M.K. & Gupta, B.K. (2009). An update on grass flora of Uttarkhand. Indian Journal of Forestry 32: 657-668.
Edgar, E & Connor, H.E. (2010). Flora of New Zealand , ed. 2, 5: 1-650. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Layton, D.J. & Kellogg, E.A. (2014). Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives.. American journal of botany 101: 539-557.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2017). Suppressions and additions to the flora of the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile). Botany Letters 164: 351-360.
Powell, A.M. & Worthington, R.D. (2018). Flowering plants of Trans-Pecos Texas and ajacent areas: 1-1444. BRIT Press.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Mirek, Z., Pi?ko?-Mirkowa, H., Zaj?c, A. & Zaj?c, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
----------------------------------------------------------
The Poaceae generic classification system originated from the GrassBase database, originally based on Genera Graminum (1985). Work is in progress to update this to a new globally accepted and collaborative generic classification based on the latest research.
Original Compiler:W.D.Clayton, R.Govaerts, K.T.Harman, H.Williamson & M.Vorontsova
----------------------------------------------------------
Canon EOS M
Nikon Ai Micro-Nikkor 200mm F4s (IF)
Aristolochia croatica Horvatić., syn.: Aristolocia lutea Desf.(?), Aristolochia pallida ssp. croatica (?)
Croatian Birthwort, CR: hrvatska vučja stopa, DE: Kroatische Osterluzei
Slo.: hrvaški podraščec
Dat.: April 29. 2015
Lat.: 45.09826 Long.: 14.47127
Code: Bot_872/2015_DSC6281
Habitat: Light deciduous forest with bushes and small open patches of grassland; almost flat calcareous terrain, half sun, dry place, exposed to direct rain; elevation 25 m (85 feet), average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13 - 15 deg C, submediterranean phytogeographical region.
Substratum: brown soil.
Place: slightly inside the island at the end of the dirt road from village Poljica to the sea shore, east of a small pebble beach, west island Krk, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC.
Comment: This species, if correctly determined, is a narrow endemic plant of Adriatic island Pag and its surrounding (Ref.:1) including island Krk (Ref.:6.). Its taxonomical status is not yet agreed upon and thus differently interpreted. Some authors consider this plant as a subspecies of Aristolochia pallida (Domac (2002), Ref.:1), others, for example Tutin et all (eds.) (1993) (Ref.:2) consider the name Aristolochia croatica simply a synonym for Aristolochia lutea. In addition, historically, the name Aristolochia pallid has been used also for Aristolochia lutea (homonym) by different authors. All this makes determination difficult.
My determination is based on information given in Ref.6. (assuming the data base is up-to-date). Plant distribution maps show that Aristolochia lutea Desf. has not been recorded yet on island Krk, while Aristolochia croatica has been recorded several times, however not in this particular MTB square. Also herbarium specimens shown in this data base are very similar to the plans found. Morphologically they differ significantly from Aristolochia pallida Willd. in two traits: they have much shorter limb (it should be about as long as perianth tube with ratio limb/tube between 0.9 and 1.1 according to Ref.:4, while average found was less than one half of this - 0.43, n = 9. Also petioles are too short. With Aristolochia pallida Willd. they should be significantly longer than flower stalks but the plants found have short petioles of approximately the same length as flower stalks.On the other side, Aristolochia lutea should have very short limb, usually not much longer than the diameter of the opening of the perianth tube. Also this doesn't seem the case with the plants photographed. Thus I hope that my determination is correct.
Ref.:
(1) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Priručnik za određivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Key of plants), Školska Knjiga, Zgreb, II. izdanje (2002), p 90.
(2) T. G. Tutin, V.A. Heywood et all (eds.), Flora Europaea, Cambridge (1993) - www.rbge.org.uk
(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 37.
(4) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 120.
(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 116.
(6) Vascular Plant Taxonomy & Bibliography of Croatian Flora (FCD), Faculty of Science, Botany, University of Zagreb - hirc.botanic/fcd/
Édifice Caverhill Block (détail de la façade).
Ancien magasin entrepôt
Quincaillier en gros.
Construction: 1865 / Architectes; Cyrus P. & William Tutin Thomas (1829-1892).
Un bel exemple de l'exubérance de l'ornementation sous l'ère victorienne.
ベラドンナ・リリー (ホンアマリリス) ‘白鳥’
Amaryllis belladonna L., 1753 ‘Hakuchō’
(Mr.Hannibal Hybrid, Pure White Flower Form)
This name is accepted. 12/03, 2021.
------------------------------------------
Family: Amaryllidaceae (APG IV)
------------------------------------------
Author:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
------------------------------------------
Publication:
Species Plantarum
Collation
1: 293
Date of Publication
1 May 1753
Annotation:
typ. cons. – as "Bella donna"
Type-Protolog
Locality:Habitat in Caribaeis, Barbados, Surinama
Type Specimens:
CT: Herb. Clifford: 135, Amaryllis No. 2; ; (BM) conserved type
------------------------------------------
Distribution:SW. Cape Prov.
(10) grb (12) cor por (20) tun (21) azo cny mdr (23) zai 27 CPP (28) asc (50) nsw soa wau (51) nzn nzs (76) cal (78) lou (79) mxc (81) cub dom hai (85) jnf
Lifeform:Bulb geophyte
Original Compiler:R.Govaerts
------------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Coburgia belladonna (L.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Leopoldia belladonna (L.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 129 (1847).
------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Amaryllis rosea Lam., Encycl. 1: 122 (1783).
Amaryllis regalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 232 (1796).
Amaryllis blanda Ker Gawl., Bot. Mag. 35: t. 1450 (1812).
Amaryllis pallida Redouté, Liliac. 8: t. 479 (1816).
Amaryllis belladonna var. minor Ker Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 2: 359 (1817).
Amaryllis pudica Ker Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 2: 348 (1817).
Coburgia blanda (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Coburgia pudica (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Coburgia pallida (Redouté) Herb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4: 181 (1821).
Callicore rosea (Lam.) Link, Handbuch 1: 193 (1829).
Belladonna blanda (Ker Gawl.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna pallida (Redouté) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna pudica (Ker Gawl.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna purpurascens Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Amaryllis belladonna var. latifolia Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 275 (1837).
Amaryllis belladonna var. pallida (Redouté) Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 275 (1837).
Zephyranthes pudica (Ker Gawl.) D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. 2: 1176 (1840).
Amaryllis longipetala Lem., Ill. Hort. 13(Misc.): 78 (1866).
Imhofia rosea (Lam.) Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 118 (1866), not validly publ.
Amaryllis belladonna blanda Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1896(Flowerroots): 15 (1896).
Amaryllis belladonna rosea-perfecta Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1896(Flowerroots): 15 (1896).
Amaryllis belladonna var. maxima Rob., Gard. Ill. 28: 428 (1906).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-alba J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-multiflora J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-rosea J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis obliqua L.f. ex Savage, Herbertia 4: 98 (1937).
Brunsvigia blanda (Ker Gawl.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 9: 146 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea (Lam.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 9: 101 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. elata L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. major L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 64 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. minor L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 65 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. pallida (Redouté) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. pudica (Ker Gawl.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Coburgia rosea (Lam.) Gouws, Pl. Life 5: 64 (1949).
Brunsvigia rosea var. longipetala (Lem.) Traub, Pl. Life 6: 61 (1950).
Brunsvigia rosea var. blanda (Ker Gawl.) Traub, Pl. Life 16: ? (1960).
Brunsvigia major Traub, Pl. Life 19: 59 (1963).
------------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.:
Moscoso, R.H. (1943). Catalogus Florae Domingensis: 1-732. New York.
Geerinck, D. (1973). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi) Amaryllidaceae: 1-23. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
Healey, A.J. & Edgar, E. (1980). Flora of New Zealand 3: 1-220. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Espejo Serena, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (1993). Las Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas una Sinopsis Florística 1(1): 1-76. Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, México D.F..
Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2004). Liste de la Flore vasculaire de l'île Robinson Crusoe archipel Juan Fernández, Chili. Journal de Botanique Société de Botanique de France 24: 67-78.
Jeanmonod, D. & Schlüssel, A. (2006). Notes et contributions à la flore de Corse, XXI. Candollea 61: 93-134.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
------------------------------------------
Accepted By Missouri Botanical Garden.:
Bailey, L.H. & E.Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras i–xxix, 31–1576. Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa.
Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. Cap. 4: 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago (eds.) Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
------------------------------------------
General:
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
------------------------------------------
SONY α7 (ILCE-7)
Minolta AF Macro 100mm F2.8
Allora, sono un po' cotto perché oggi mi sono fatto una bella gita in quel di Padova.
Ne parlerò più diffusamente quando pubblicherò le foto che forse (il bello dell'analogico è questo) sono venute.
Però due anticipazioni due.
Ein.
A Venezia era carnevale. Infatti a Verona sono saliti tre o quattro adolescenti in maschera ivi diretti. Dunque, ce n'era uno vestito da Lupin III, un altro vestito da non mi ricordo cosa e c'era uno con un cappello da jolly. Ma soprattutto c'era questa ragazzetta (non più di 16 anni), che era vestita da quel personaggio che Scarlett Johansson interpreta in Iron Man 2.
Io il film non l'ho visto, ma le foto della Johansson in tutina aderente nera sì. E, insomma, devo dire che la ragazzetta sul treno, con la tutina aderente nera e il capello rosso, faceva la sua porca figura.
Zwei.
Credo che forse ho trovato il mio ristorante preferito di sempre. Menù tutto a base di pesce, cameriere carine (in particolare quella più giovine, molto molto carina), qualità del cibo veramente notevole. Ho mangiato una tagliata di tonno che per poco non mi faceva piangere di gioia.
Poi basta.
Che dire quindi per tornare a noi. Altra foto del duomo di Milano fatta col dorso instant della Diana. Mi sia concesso, una foto un po' impressionista, vaporosa in alcuni punti. Questo duomo sembra un po' un'apparizione o meglio, un'impressione.
Ogni buon amante della fotografia dovrebbe apprezzare gli Impressionisti: sono stati i primi che hanno avuto la concorrenza del mezzo fotografico e hanno capito che se la pittura voleva continuare a sopravvivere doveva scendere a patti con questo nuovo concorrente e trovarsi nuovi spazi.
Hanno scoperchiato un vaso di Pandora. Io gliene sono eternamente grato.
Adesso sono cotto del tutto. Buona notte a tutti.
ベラドンナ・リリー ‘パープレア・メジャー’
Amaryllis belladonna L., 1753 ‘Purprea Major’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 10/01, 2022.
-------------------------------------
Family: Amaryllidaceae (APG IV)
-------------------------------------
Author:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
-------------------------------------
Publication:
Species Plantarum
Collation
1: 293
Date of Publication
1 May 1753
-------------------------------------
Annotation:
typ. cons. – as "Bella donna"
Type-Protolog
Locality:Habitat in Caribaeis, Barbados, Surinama
Type Specimens:
CT: Herb. Clifford: 135, Amaryllis No. 2; ; (BM) conserved type
-------------------------------------
Distribution:SW. Cape Prov.
(10) grb (12) cor por (20) tun (21) azo cny mdr (23) zai 27 CPP (28) asc (50) nsw soa wau (51) nzn nzs (76) cal (78) lou (79) mxc (81) cub dom hai (85) jnf
Lifeform:Bulb geophyte
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Coburgia belladonna (L.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Leopoldia belladonna (L.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 129 (1847).
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Amaryllis rosea Lam., Encycl. 1: 122 (1783).
Amaryllis regalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 232 (1796).
Amaryllis blanda Ker Gawl., Bot. Mag. 35: t. 1450 (1812).
Amaryllis pallida Redouté, Liliac. 8: t. 479 (1816).
Amaryllis belladonna var. minor Ker Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 2: 359 (1817).
Amaryllis pudica Ker Gawl., J. Sci. Arts (London) 2: 348 (1817).
Coburgia blanda (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Coburgia pudica (Ker Gawl.) Herb., Bot. Mag. 47: t. 2113 (1819).
Coburgia pallida (Redouté) Herb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4: 181 (1821).
Callicore rosea (Lam.) Link, Handbuch 1: 193 (1829).
Belladonna blanda (Ker Gawl.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna pallida (Redouté) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna pudica (Ker Gawl.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Belladonna purpurascens Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 506 (1830).
Amaryllis belladonna var. latifolia Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 275 (1837).
Amaryllis belladonna var. pallida (Redouté) Herb., Amaryllidaceae: 275 (1837).
Zephyranthes pudica (Ker Gawl.) D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. 2: 1176 (1840).
Amaryllis longipetala Lem., Ill. Hort. 13(Misc.): 78 (1866).
Imhofia rosea (Lam.) Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 118 (1866), not validly publ.
Amaryllis belladonna blanda Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1896(Flowerroots): 15 (1896).
Amaryllis belladonna rosea-perfecta Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1896(Flowerroots): 15 (1896).
Amaryllis belladonna var. maxima Rob., Gard. Ill. 28: 428 (1906).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-alba J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-multiflora J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis belladonna baptisa-rosea J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: xiv (1925).
Amaryllis obliqua L.f. ex Savage, Herbertia 4: 98 (1937).
Brunsvigia blanda (Ker Gawl.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 9: 146 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea (Lam.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 9: 101 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. elata L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. major L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 64 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. minor L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 65 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. pallida (Redouté) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Brunsvigia rosea var. pudica (Ker Gawl.) L.S.Hannibal, Herbertia 10: 63 (1943).
Coburgia rosea (Lam.) Gouws, Pl. Life 5: 64 (1949).
Brunsvigia rosea var. longipetala (Lem.) Traub, Pl. Life 6: 61 (1950).
Brunsvigia rosea var. blanda (Ker Gawl.) Traub, Pl. Life 16: ? (1960).
Brunsvigia major Traub, Pl. Life 19: 59 (1963).
-------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.:
Moscoso, R.H. (1943). Catalogus Florae Domingensis: 1-732. New York.
Geerinck, D. (1973). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaïre - Rwanda - Burundi) Amaryllidaceae: 1-23. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise.
Healey, A.J. & Edgar, E. (1980). Flora of New Zealand 3: 1-220. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Espejo Serena, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (1993). Las Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas una Sinopsis Florística 1(1): 1-76. Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, México D.F..
Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Fairhurst, W. (2004). Flowering Plants of Ascension island: 1-300. Higham Press, Shirland, Alfreton, England.
Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2004). Liste de la Flore vasculaire de l'île Robinson Crusoe archipel Juan Fernández, Chili. Journal de Botanique Société de Botanique de France 24: 67-78.
Jeanmonod, D. & Schlüssel, A. (2006). Notes et contributions à la flore de Corse, XXI. Candollea 61: 93-134.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By Missouri Botanical Garden.:
Bailey, L.H. & E.Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras i–xxix, 31–1576. Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa.
Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. Cap. 4: 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago (eds.) Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
General:
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
-------------------------------------
Nikon D7100
Nikon AF Micro-Nikkor 105mm F2.8D
THOMAS, WILLIAM, architect, water-colourist, and engineer; b. c. 1799 in Suffolk, England, son of William Thomas and Ann —; m. 17 Sept. 1826 Martha Tutin in Birmingham, England, and they had four sons and six daughters; d. 26 Dec. 1860 in Toronto.
William Thomas’s significance among his generation of architects in British North America lies not only in the outstanding nature of the work he executed but also in the unique opportunity his career affords of tracing the relationship between his extensive preparation in England and his work in Canada, the latter being more accomplished and much more important relatively. Other architects such as John George Howard*, George Browne*, Frederic William Cumberland*, and Thomas Fuller* arrived when they were much younger than Thomas, with the result that their early work is unknown. Thomas came in his maturity.
Shortly after William’s birth, the family settled at Chalford, Gloucestershire, where his father was innkeeper of the Clothier’s Arms. William and his three brothers all entered the building trades. John, the youngest, was apprenticed to a letter-carver or mason at first, studied briefly under William in the early 1830s, and achieved some success as an architect; he is, however, best remembered as one of the most prolific sculptors of the period. Between 1812 and 1819 William was apprenticed to John Gardiner, a local carpenter and joiner.
Some time after receiving his indenture papers, William moved to Birmingham, where he married Martha Tutin in 1826. He may have been the pupil of Richard Tutin, a builder-turned-architect who was apparently a relative of Martha. In 1829 Thomas entered into partnership with him, but it was probably dissolved the following year. In 1832 Thomas moved to nearby Leamington, a flourishing watering-place in Warwickshire. Here he had a varied career: initially serving as agent for a developer, he promoted and executed his own building speculation schemes and designed numerous buildings for clients. The failure of a local bank in 1837 may have obliged him to apply for the office of town surveyor – he was acting surveyor in 1838–39 – and undoubtedly precipitated his bankruptcy in 1840, along with those of most of the other building speculators in Leamington. Thomas had opened a branch-office in Birmingham, but there were few architectural commissions available because of widespread depression in the early 1840s.
Thomas’s architectural work in England comprises designs for a remarkable range of structures, including houses, churches, shops, a conservatory, a public bath complex, and iron and stone bridges. The bulk of his work, however, consisted chiefly of speculative housing for the middle class in Leamington. He is known to have designed town houses on Beauchamp Terrace, beginning in 1831, and two chapels in 1834. Two impressive housing complexes followed the next year: Lansdowne Circus, a horseshoe-shaped grouping of plain Georgian-style semi-detached houses and villas (most with decorative cast-iron porches and balconies under tent-shaped roofs), and adjacent Lansdowne Crescent, a curving terrace of connected and landscaped town houses executed in a fully elaborated classical style. For Lansdowne Crescent, Thomas had acquired the property in partnership, furnished the designs, and developed some parcels with covenants requiring conformity in the design of façades. In a somewhat similar vein he was responsible for the development on Brandon Parade and Holly Walk (which adjoined both the crescent and the circus) of about ten villas, in a mixture of Grecian and Gothic Revival designs. Before his bankruptcy Thomas lived in one of these villas, Elizabethan Place, which is conspicuously dated 1836 and signed “WT.” A combination of small volumes balanced in effective groupings with ornamental flourishes at the edges is characteristic of the mature Thomas. Victoria Terrace, Pump Room and Baths, a multipurpose building begun in Leamington in 1837, formed a major focus of the town and was his grandest work in England.
In Duddeston (Birmingham) he erected St Matthew’s Church (Anglican) in 1839–40. This rectangular brick building, executed in a mixture of Early English and Decorated Gothic Revival styles with a projecting three-storey tower at the west end, would be used by Thomas as a basis in developing many of his Canadian churches. In the same years he was also responsible for a palatial draper’s shop in Birmingham called Warwick House. A water-colour by Thomas of this highly ornamented block, which was bombed in World War II, shows a four-storey building of seven bays, with immense display windows set between graceful piers opening up the ground floor, while the second and third floors are set off by colossal columns and the fourth floor is richly treated as an attic. This was a successful formula for commercial structures and would be used for one of Thomas’s best-known works in Canada. In essence, Thomas’s career up to this point forms a modest and provincial parallel, in its range of activity, styles, and enterprise, to that of John Nash, the fashionable architect who had done so much to reshape London in the first quarter of the 19th century.
In December 1842 Thomas sent to press a slim book entitled Designs for monuments and chimney pieces, a discreet piece of self-advertisement which was published in London the following year. Consisting of 41 lithographed plates with 46 Grecian, Roman, Gothic and Elizabethan patterns, the book is indicative of the eclectic approach to architectural design prevalent during the late Georgian and early Victorian periods. Like most other designers, Thomas felt free to choose historical revival styles that were deemed fitting to the location and function of a work. His churches, for example, were generally designed in the Gothic style, which readily identified their religious function and association with the devout Christian beliefs of the Middle Ages.
In April 1843 Thomas left England for Toronto. Precisely what prompted him, in his early 40s, to emigrate with his wife and eight children or to choose Toronto for his new home is unknown. His forced bankruptcy three years earlier and the dearth of work must have been contributing causes, but the key factor was probably his ambition. Toronto, which was entering a boom period with a population of more than 15,000 but with only three practising architects, was an appealing location for an industrious architect. Thomas’s journal of his transatlantic crossing in 1843 reveals an acute and well-informed observer. He emerges from the journal as a patient and loving father, a warm and sympathetic man. Possessed of a considerable sense of humour, he was very sociable as well and enjoyed chess, card-playing, conversation, singing, and dancing. Thomas settled with his family at 5 York Street and opened an office at 55 King Street East, in the city’s main commercial district. His first major commission in Toronto seems to have been the Commercial Bank of the Midland District on Wellington Street. Designed in 1844 and built a year later, it was one of the earliest banks fashioned in the Greek Revival mode in British North America and its façade remains one of the best examples of that style in the city. The only other bank known to have been designed by Thomas, the Bank of British North America, Hamilton (1847–49), has been demolished.
It was, however, his churches that brought early acclaim. Reputedly there were eventually more than 30 of these, 12 in Toronto alone. The first, St Paul’s Church (Anglican) in London, was erected in 1844–46 of red brick (with a white-brick front) in the Decorated Gothic style. Described by William Henry Smith* in the year of its completion as “the handsomest gothic church in Canada West,” it was elevated to cathedral status in 1857 [see Benjamin Cronyn*] and extended in the 1890s by means of transepts.
Before St Paul’s was completed, Thomas commenced his most ambitious ecclesiastical work and the largest church in Toronto at the time, St Michael’s Cathedral (Roman Catholic), which was constructed in 1845–48 of the then-fashionable white brick. Extending from Bond to Church streets on the north side of Shuter, its long flank commanded McGill Square before that area was built over. St Michael’s too was designed in the Decorated Gothic style, but on a cruciform plan, and it was both more substantial and more ornamental in character than St Paul’s. The congregation could not immediately afford Thomas’s tower and spire; these and the dormers were later added by the firm of Thomas Gundry and Henry Langley*. A palace for Bishop Michael Power* was also designed by Thomas, in the Tudor Revival style, and was erected in 1845 on Church Street just north of the cathedral.
Thomas was especially favoured by Presbyterian congregations, particularly those created as a result of the disruption of 1844 [see Robert Burns*]. In Toronto alone he designed Knox’s Church (Free Presbyterian), Queen Street (1847–48), a church for the United Presbyterian congregation of the Reverend John Jennings*, Bay Street (1848), and Cooke’s Church (Free Presbyterian), Queen Street (1857–58). But he worked for many other denominations in the city, designing the Methodist New Connexion Church, Temperance Street (1846), the Unitarian Church, Jarvis Street (1854), Zion Church (Congregational), Bay and Adelaide streets (1855–56), and the German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bond Street (1856–57). All have been torn down or replaced.
Although Thomas was unsuccessful in the 1849 competition for the Church of England cathedral in Toronto, he received commissions in 1851–52 from Anglican congregations in Guelph and Hamilton which resulted in churches of considerable significance. St George’s Church in Guelph, begun in 1851, was not only one of the first churches executed in the Romanesque Revival style in British North America but was also one of the first based on an asymmetrical plan. Three bays, including a corner tower forming a porch on the axis of Wyndham Street, were added in stone to an existing wooden church. Designs drafted by Thomas in 1856 for the rest of the church and for an elegant interior were not implemented and the church was later demolished. In Hamilton, where he had opened an office by 1849, possibly in the care of his son William Tutin, Thomas began work on Christ’s Church (now the Anglican cathedral) in 1852. This was his most adventurous work structurally, calling for a stone building on a basilican plan, with a tall nave carried on piers, a decoratively treated open wooden roof, clerestory lighting, flanking aisles, and a short but distinct chancel. These features suggest that the design was an early instance in this province of the ritualistic neo-medievalism advocated in architectural design by the Ecclesiological Society in England, though Thomas was by no means doctrinaire in his designs for churches. Only the chancel and two bays of Christ’s Church were built, as tall additions to Robert Charles Wetherell’s neoclassical wooden church of 1842, and the disjointed effect gave rise to the name “the hump-backed church.” In 1873–77 it was completed. Simpler churches were well within Thomas’s capability and at least three still stand: St George’s-on-the-Hill Church (Anglican) of 1847 in Etobicoke (Toronto), the Free Presbyterian Church (now Grace United) of 1852 in Niagara (Niagara-on-the-Lake), and MacNab Street Church (Presbyterian) of 1856 in Hamilton. Of these, the Niagara church is particularly appealing. Executed in a predominantly Romanesque mode, it features chunky corbel tables and pilaster strips which look less skimped than those in his conventional Gothic designs.
Thomas’s design for another Presbyterian church in Hamilton, the well-preserved St Andrew’s (renamed St Paul’s in 1874), was his most successful composition. It was begun in 1854 on a large budget, which encouraged a rich treatment in stone and an elaborate interior. The tower is bold and massive, with deep angle buttresses and dense carving in areas such as the entrance and the gables. The octagonal spire is apparently the only stone spire erected in Ontario. The interior is equally striking in the richness of its sombre decoration, carved in dark wood. Although the cost proved ruinous for its congregation, the church has been consistently admired: in 1901 the Canadian Architect and Builder regarded it as still “well worth the study of architects” because “the construction is genuine” and “an essential part of the aim was honest work.”
Thomas was busy almost continuously designing a succession of significant public buildings for centres throughout British North America. These include the Fireman’s Hall and Mechanics’ Institute building, Toronto (1845), the combined district court-house, town hall, and market, Niagara (1846–48), the Talbot District Jail, Simcoe (1847–48), the House of Industry, Toronto (1848), the Kent County Court-House, Chatham (1848–49), the St Lawrence Hall, Arcade, and Market building, Toronto (1849–51), the town hall and market-house, Peterborough (1851), the town hall and market, Guelph (1856–57), the custom-house, Quebec (1856–60), the town hall and market-house, Stratford (1857), the city jail (now known as the Don Jail), Toronto (1859–64), and the Halifax County Court-House, Halifax (1858–62). All survive except those in Peterborough and Stratford, and the Fireman’s Hall and Mechanics’ Institute building in Toronto. Most of these commissions were won in competition and follow a common formula in their design: a long symmetrical front, with a projecting frontispiece under a pediment, often with colossal orders, seated on a heavy base. Not all of Thomas’s competition designs were successful. In 1859, for example, he was an unsuccessful entrant in the contest for the parliament buildings in Ottawa.
The best known of Thomas’s public structures is undoubtedly St Lawrence Hall in Toronto which, with its original arcade and market, comprised the St Lawrence Buildings. An earlier town hall and market on the site, designed by Henry Bowyer Joseph Lane, were destroyed in the fire of 1849 and Thomas immediately received the commission for their replacements, his design closely following his successful (but unexecuted) competition design of 1845 for refronting the earlier buildings. The St Lawrence Buildings were I-shaped, with the hall fronting on King Street, the market on Front Street, and the 200-foot arcade between the two. The hall contained shops on the ground floor, committee rooms on the second, and an assembly room on the third, the latter offering a more dignified space for concerts, balls, lectures, and the like than those provided by local hotels or the earlier town hall and market. An enlarged and more controlled version of Thomas’s Warwick House (executed in Birmingham nearly a decade earlier), St Lawrence Hall is his most graceful exercise in classical design. The market and arcade have been replaced, but the hall has been refurbished and remains an important civic focus.
Thomas’s earlier public buildings at Niagara and Chatham are both Late Georgian in style and nearly as restrained as St Lawrence Hall, but most of his other public works were designed in a forceful Victorian version of the Renaissance Revival style. There is a deliberate crudity of scale and texture in these visually powerful buildings which reflects their association with the law, public administration, and commerce. They are characterized by blocky masses, rugged surfaces, and abrupt transitions. The Halifax County Court-House best displays these characteristics in Thomas’s later public buildings. The dominant feature of this sandstone structure is its heavily textured frontispiece with bands of contrasting stone at every level up to the stout brackets that support the simple pediment. The three splendid keystones, which are carved in the form of sombre bearded heads and alternate with lion’s-head medallions, are hallmarks of Thomas’s last, and most vigorous, architectural phase.
His civic architecture also included public schools, which were just beginning to be designed in Canada as architecturally distinctive institutions. His Union School in London (1849), described two years later in a government report as “by far the finest school house in the Province,” was followed by designs for two schools in Toronto. In 1851 the city’s first elected school-board, under the chairmanship of Dr Joseph Workman*, launched a school-design competition. Thomas’s plan was used in 1852–53 for the Park and Louisa Street schools. These were designed in the Tudor style, which was popular for institutional buildings because it afforded ample lighting and ventilation as well as an interesting silhouette, all within a reasonable budget. All three schools have been demolished. In 1853 Thomas received the commission for the combined county grammar and common schools in Goderich.
The columnar monument to Sir Isaac Brock* on Queenston Heights (1853–56) is arguably Thomas’s most florid composition. It is 185 feet tall, rising from a richly trophied base guarded by carved lions. A colossal statue of Brock stands on a lavish capital, designed by Thomas himself rather than drawn from the classical orders. Gates, a lodge, and steps, all completed in 1859, frame the monument in scenographic fashion. Thomas displayed a stone model of it at the universal exposition in Paris in 1855.
His English work had consisted largely of housing and numerous Canadian examples can be identified. In Toronto, a handsome row of houses called Wellington Terrace, built on Wellington Street in 1847, has been demolished, but three units of another group, built in 1848, survive on Church Street behind St Michael’s Cathedral. In Hamilton, Thomas’s firm was said by the Halifax Reporter in 1860 to be responsible for “the greater number of the very beautiful private residences that meet the eye in every direction.” Surviving work there attributed to Thomas includes Undermount (on John Street), designed for John Young* in the Italianate style in 1847, and two Gothic villas: the Presbyterian manse (at Herkimer and Park streets), completed in 1854, and Inglewood (on Inglewood Drive), built for Archibald Kerr about the same date. Thomas’s Wilderness House (1848–51), built for Aeneas Kennedy, was destroyed in 1853. Thomas also designed a villa in London for Lawrence Lawrason*. His own Toronto residence, Oakham House (1848), a Gothic composition on Church Street, stands but has been gutted and additions replace his office wing on Gould Street; his 1859 Italianate home on Mutual Street has been destroyed. He is also known to have built houses in Toronto for at least six prominent businessmen, including John McMurrich*. Among Thomas’s last known residential works was the house, which still stands, built in St Catharines in 1859–60 for William Hamilton Merritt*.
Mixed commercial and residential buildings by Thomas were surely numerous too. The first of these was probably the Adelaide Buildings on Yonge Street (1844), which were altered in 1853 and subsequently torn down. In 1846 William Henry Smith described some stores designed by him and under construction on King Street, Toronto, as “the handsomest buildings of the kind in Canada, and equal to anything to be seen in England.” Although some of the stores were damaged in the fire of 1849 and others were demolished later, several still survive, now generally altered. More stylish were two Italianate works, both large-scale dry-goods businesses: the 1847 store (named the Golden Lion in 1849) of Robert Walker and Thomas Hutchinson on King Street and the premises of Ross, Mitchell and Company, built at Yonge and Colborne streets about 1856. Both have been demolished. In a period of vigorous economic growth in Canada, at least three other Toronto firms, including Bryce, McMurrich and Company, commissioned buildings from Thomas, who also designed stores in Port Hope and Hamilton.
Thomas formally took two of his sons, William Tutin and Cyrus Pole, both of whom he had trained, into his flourishing business in January 1857 and the firm became William Thomas and Sons. It was shortly to expand again. Thomas’s design for Knox’s Church in Toronto had so impressed visiting members of St Matthew’s Church (Presbyterian) in Halifax that, when it was destroyed by fire in 1857, his firm was asked to design its replacement, which was built on Barrington Street in 1858–59 and still stands. This project brought the Thomas firm to Halifax, where Cyrus opened an office in 1858. The firm’s successful entry that year in the county court-house competition no doubt led to commissions after the fire of 1859 for rebuilding much of the commercial section at the north end of Granville Street [see George Lang*]. At least 12 four-storey buildings, more than half of the new construction, were designed by the firm and nearly all were completed by the end of 1860. The group is remarkable not only for the number and variety of the commissions (executed simultaneously for no less than eight different clients) but for the impact of the resulting streetscape, which survives. Contiguous properties called the Palace Buildings were handled uniformly as the largest single design. Unity of effect elsewhere in the group was achieved through the use of stone (from different Nova Scotian quarries), elevations of related height, and recurring rhythms. All but one building had decorative cast-iron shop-fronts, which are important as early examples of this type of construction in British North America. Cyrus Pole Thomas visited Daniel D. Badger’s Architectural Iron Works in New York in 1860 to arrange for the shop-fronts and internal detailing, some of which were later reproduced in Badger’s lavish publication, Illustrations of iron architecture.
Thomas had risen quickly in Canada and had made a number of connections in the Toronto community and elsewhere. Concerned for the public enjoyment of the arts, he was probably instrumental in establishing the Toronto Society of Arts in 1847; he was elected its first president and showed his architectural drawings at the society’s exhibitions of 1847 and 1848. He maintained limited contact with English architecture through the publications that he bought and the visit he paid in 1851 to the Great Exhibition in London, where his brother John exhibited sculpture. When John George Howard made a trip to England in 1853, Thomas served as city engineer in his stead and was appointed to superintend the work on Toronto’s Esplanade. He also trained architects of the next generation, including, in addition to his sons, William George Storm*, who became a leading architect in Toronto, first in partnership with Frederic William Cumberland and then on his own.
The role played latterly by the sons in Thomas’s business is difficult to determine. The later work of William Tutin, who moved to Montreal about 1863, is both more assured and more flamboyant than that of his father; Cyrus, who worked in Montreal before settling in Chicago, claimed credit for the firm’s Haligonian work. It is reasonable, however, to assume a division of labour in William Thomas’s last years. He suffered “long and continued illness,” necessitating a journey to England in 1858. The financial burden of illness and treatment is reflected in the firm’s extra efforts to collect new commissions and overdue payments. There was ever-increasing competition for architectural work: by 1859 there were 16 architects in Toronto, many of them well trained in the latest developments in style and construction. Thomas’s seniority was nevertheless recognized and he was elected president in 1860 of the Association of Architects, Civil Engineers and Provincial Land Surveyors of the Province of Canada, which had been established the previous year.
William Thomas died on 26 Dec. 1860 of diabetes, according to cemetery records. Survived by his wife and six of their ten children, he was buried in the family’s plot at St James’ Cemetery beneath the handsome Grecian tombstone which he no doubt had designed. Although his obituary in the Globe commented conventionally that he would be remembered for “his kindly social qualities which endeared him to a numerous circle of friends,” the statement rings true. A portrait, a bust, and a photograph all show an engaging figure. Moreover, maintaining a successful practice required a diplomatic touch in an era when, increasingly, important commissions were for public buildings, which entailed intense professional competition and often difficult negotiations with building committees.
A combination of experience, ambition, and personality made him a leading architect, with the largest architectural practice in British North America. He apparently prided himself on his ability to design substantial structures which could be built at reasonable cost. When Upper Canada was experiencing a great wave of prosperity, Thomas and a handful of other architects, including William Hay* and Kivas Tully*, were able to design major buildings for the fast-growing communities: churches to express their faith, civic structures to display their pride and their optimism about the future, and commercial buildings and residences to reveal their growing wealth.
Thomas was the versatile architect who, in the manner of his period, worked in various styles, some of which he rendered in a fashion that can be clearly identified as his. The prevailing aesthetic of the picturesque movement was especially important to him, with its emphasis on variety and richness of visual effect. But deeply rooted in his work too was the older Georgian tradition of compactness, balance, and regularity. Such conservatism of style is not surprising in one who immigrated to the colony in mid life and whose contact with professional developments in Britain was limited to rare return visits and the receipt of publications. What is all the more remarkable, in contrast to other designers of the same generation working in British North America, is Thomas’s professional maturation and independence which was demonstrated, in the work he produced in his last decade, by his new-found confidence in large works, his use of cast-iron, and his own form of the Italianate style. But although he continued to develop, the financial constraints imposed by some clients, a limited range of materials, and a shortage of skilled workmen must have contributed to a certain severity that is also noticeable in his architecture.
It was no mean achievement to have made a major contribution to Leamington’s residential street-scape; subsequently Thomas reshaped the skyline of Canadian cities from Halifax to London with a series of churches and public buildings. George P. Ure, in his Hand-book of Toronto, claimed that “his high professional talent and correct taste have tended greatly to the embellishment and improvement” of Toronto, above all. Thomas’s obituary in the Globe concurred: “To him we owe some of the most tasteful buildings of which our city can boast.” His contributions to the development of architecture as well as the scope and quality of his work substantiate Thomas Ritchie’s claim that William Thomas was “one of the founders of the Canadian architectural profession.”
ムスカリ・アルメニアクム (自家製種内交配品種)
Muscari armeniacum H.J.Veitch, 1872
(My Original Seedling & Selection)
This name is accepted. 03/26, 2022.
-----------------------------------------
Family: Asparagaceae (APG IV)
-----------------------------------------
Authors:
Harry James Veitch (1840-1924)
-----------------------------------------
Publication
Garden (London, 1871-1927) 1: 687 (1872).
-----------------------------------------
Distribution:SE. Europe to Caucasus
(10) grb (11) aut bgm cze (12) cor fra 13 BUL GRC ita TUE YUG 33 NCS TCS 34 TUR (50) soa (51) nzn nzs (72) ont (74) ill (75) ohi (78) lou (90) fal
Lifeform:Bulb geophyte
Original Compiler:R.Govaerts
-----------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Muscari pendulum Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 484 (1873), provisionally listed as a synonym.
Botryanthus micranthus Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Botryanthus szovitsianus Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Muscari concinnum Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Muscari conicum Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Muscari micranthum Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Muscari szovitsianum Baker, Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 799 (1878).
Muscari polyanthum Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 297 (1882).
Muscari argaei Anon., Gard. Chron., n.s., 20: 394 (1883).
Muscari pauperulum Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 78 (1885).
Muscari schliemannii Freyn et Asch., Flora 68: 6 (1885).
Muscari maweanum Baker, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 5: 648 (1889).
Muscari pyramidatum Velen., Fl. Bulg.: 556 (1891).
Muscari apertum Freyn et Conrath, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 194 (1896).
Bellevalia aperta (Freyn et Conrath) Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza 1: 233 (1928).
Muscari colchicum Grossh., Trudy Azerbaidzhansk. Otd. Zakavkazsk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1: 50 (1933).
Muscari cyaneoviolaceum Turrill, Bot. Mag. 157: t. 9372 (1934).
Muscari argaei f. album Tubergen, Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1935: ? (1935).
Muscari woronowii Tron et Losinsk. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 4: 744 (1935).
Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian, Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 10: 224 (1946).
Muscari elegantulum Schchian, Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 114 (1953).
Pseudomuscari apertum (Freyn et Conrath) Garbari, Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem. 77: 112 (1970 publ. 1971).
Muscari alexandrae A.P.Khokhr., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 96(4): 106 (1991).
-----------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by:
Healey, A.J. & Edgar, E. (1980). Flora of New Zealand 3: 1-220. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 1-632. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.
Broughton, D.A. & McAdam, J.H. (2002). The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland islands. Botanical Journal of Scotland 54: 153-190.
Lambion, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004). Nouvelle flore de la Belgique du G. D. de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines , ed. 5: 1-1167. Edition du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Jeanmonod, D. & Schlüssel, A. (2006). Notes et contributions à la flore de Corse, XXI. Candollea 61: 93-134.
Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
Gilli, C. & al. (2020). Floristische Neufunde (376-429). Neilreichia 11: 165-227.
-----------------------------------------
SONY α7 (ILCE-7)
Minolta AF 1:1 Macro 100mm F2.8
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M100
Canon New FD Macro 50mm F3.5
Résidence de Lord Mount Stephen (George Stephen, 1829-1921)
Construction: 1880-1883 / William Tutin Thomas (1829-1892).
Style: néo-Renaissance
Vers 2017, on entreprend la construction d'un hôtel de 11 étages, directement derrière l'une des plus somptueuses demeures du Golden Square Mile, celle de nul autre que Lord Mount Stephen.
Voir: Lord Mount Stephen
www.flickr.com/photos/urbexplo/4892173013
Cette photo montre l'imposant mur Est du "Mount Stephen Hotel" émerger derrière l'ancienne résidence victorienne. Une des particularité de ce bâtiment est qu'il présente sur sa façade Est une série de minuscules fenêtres aux dimensions irrégulières mais disposées afin de créer un genre de jeu visuel. On peut compter jusqu'à neuf fenêtres pour une seule chambre!
L'autre trait de personnalité du bâtiment est d'offrir des murs aveugles sur les autres façades. Vue de l'arrière l'édifice se présente comme un immense bloc monolithique tout droit sortie d'un monde extra-terrestre.
Voir ci-bas.
Nota: The Mount Stephen Hotel est décrit, sur son site, comme un "hôtel de charme luxueux"...
Món quà để lại lúc lâm chung của một vị Thầy thuốc Trung y cao tuổi, thật quá tuyệt vời! Tổng cộng có 100 điều, mỗi điều đều rất cao thâm, nên cần phải đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần, nó sẽ giúp bạn đề cao nhận thức đối với sức khỏe!
1. Hãy nhớ kỹ: Ngủ là yếutố quan trọng nhất của dưỡng sinh. Thời gian ngủ nên từ 21h đến 3h sáng. Vì thờigian này là mùa đông trong ngày, mùa đông chủ yếu là ẩn náu, mùa đông mà không ẩnnáu thì mùa xuân, hạ sẽ không thể sinh trưởng, sang ngày hôm sau sẽ không cótinh thần.
2. Hết thảy các vị thuốc dùng để trị bệnh cho dù là Trung y hay là Tây y đều chỉlà trị phần ngọn, không trị tận gốc. Tại vì hết thảy bệnh tật đều bắt nguồn từnhững nguyên nhân sai lầm mà sản sinh ra hậu quả sai lầm. Nguyên nhân sai lầmmà không trừ dứt, thì hậu quả sẽ không thể bỏ tận gốc. Nguồn gốc căn bản của sứckhỏe là tại tâm. Hết thảy pháp từ tâm sinh ra. Tâm tịnh thân sẽ tịnh. Vì thếkhi bị bệnh rồi, không được hướng ngoại cầu, phải dựa vào hệ thống phục hồi củabản thân để chữa trị bệnh của chính mình. Kỳ thực con người và động vật là giốngnhau, bệnh của động vật đều là tự dựa vào bản thân mà tự hồi phục, và con ngườicũng có khả năng đó.
3. Quan niệm đúng đắn có tác dụng giúp người bệnh tiêu trừ bệnh tật tốt hơn nhiềuso với sử dụng biệt dược đắt đỏ và phẫu thuật. Có được quan niệm đúng đắn, bạnsẽ có quyết định đúng đắn, bạn sẽ có hành vi đúng đắn, và bạn sẽ có thể phòngngừa rất nhiều bệnh tật phát sinh.
4. Con người vốn hội tụ hết thảy trí huệ, tuyệt đối không phải là học từ trongsách vở, mà là từ tâm chân thành, tâm thanh tịnh của bản thân, từ trong [thiền]định mà sinh ra.
5. Trong giới sinh vật con người là linh thể có cấu tạo hoàn mỹ nhất, khi conngười được sinh ra là đã có một cơ thể khỏe mạnh; sự điều chỉnh trạng thái khỏemạnh của con người là dựa vào chính hệ thống điều tiết phục hồi của bản thân đểhoàn thành, chứ không phải dựa vào nhân tố bên ngoài, các nhân tố bên ngoài chỉcó tác dụng phụ trợ.
6. Đại đa số hiện tượng bệnh tật của con người là hiện tượng biểu hiện khi cơthể đang điều tiết, thanh lọc những thứ không tốt trong thân thể, là trạng tháibiểu hiện ra khi cơ thể tự động điều tiết trở lại trạng thái cân bằng, vì thếchúng ta nên coi đó là hiện tượng sinh lý bình thường, chứ không nên coi đó làcăn bệnh để tiêu diệt. Vì vậy khi con người bị bệnh, nhất định không nên có tâmthái oán trách và giận giữ, tâm lý phải ổn định, tâm định thì khí sẽ thuận, khíthuận thì máu sẽ thông, khi thuận huyết thông thì trăm bệnh đều sẽ tiêután.
7. Sức khỏe của con người không thể xa rời hai nhân tố: 1) Khí huyết đầy đủ; 2)Kinh mạch thông suốt ( bao gồm huyết quản và đường thông bài tiết những thứ cặnbã).
8. Khí huyết đầy đủ dựa vào: sự đầy đủ về thức ăn + dịch mật + bắt buộc trongkhoảng thời gian (sau khi trời tối đến 1h40 sáng) có thể ngủ ngon giấc (thờigian này đại não hoàn toàn không làm việc, đều do thần kinh thực vật làm chủ đạo)+ có thói quen sinh hoạt lành mạnh.
9. Kinh mạch thông suốt cần: Tâm thanh tịnh. Hết thảy thất tình lục dục đều cóthể phá hoại tâm thanh tịnh, từ đó phá hoại sự lưu thông bình thường của kinh mạch.
10. Duy trì một cơ thể khỏe mạnh khỏe mạnh không chỉ cần “tăng thu” (gia tăngkhí huyết), mà còn cần “tiết chi” (giảm thiểu sự hao tổn khí huyết).
11. Ăn uống quá độ không những không thể gia tăng khí huyết, mà còn trở thànhnhững thứ cặn bã mang gánh nặng cho cơ thể, hơn nữa còn bị tiêu hao khí huyết đểthanh lọc chúng đi. Lục phủ ngũ tạng là một xưởng gia công khí huyết, thức ănlà nguyên vật liệu, năng lực gia công là hữu hạn, còn thức ăn là vô hạn, chonên số lượng thức ăn nhất thiết phải được khống chế.
12. Vận động thích hợp có thể giúp cho khí huyết lưu thông, nhưng đồng thờicũng tiêu hao đi khí huyết. Sự tuần hoàn của cơ thể tại vi mô chủ yếu dựa vàotrạng thái lỏng và tĩnh mà đạt được, đây cũng là điều không thể thiếu cho mộtcơ thể khỏe mạnh.
13. Chất cặn bã trong cơ thể càng nhiều sẽ cần càng nhiều khí huyết để thanh lọcchúng, nhưng khi chất cặn bã nhiều lên và làm tắc huyết mạch sẽ làm giảm thiểukhí huyết, cái đó sẽ dẫn đến sự tuần hoàn ác tính, cũng chính là cơ lý khiếncon người già yếu đi. Vì vậy nếu con người muốn khỏe mạnh không già yếu thì phải:1) Giảm thiểu chất cặn bã trong cơ thể; 2) Tăng cường sự thông suốt của các đườngkinh mạch; 3) Tăng cường khí huyết trong cơ thể.
14. Tin tưởng vào thuốc, tin tưởng vào số liệu kiểm tra, không bằng tin tưởngvào cảm giác của bản thân, tin tưởng rằng chính mình có đầy đủ năng lực để điềutiết. Nhưng trước hết bạn cần phải là người đắc đạo (trí huệ đã khai mở), mớicó thể phân biệt được hết thảy những điều này.
15. Sự khỏe mạnh, khởi đầu từ việc điều hòa tâm tính. Vì sức khỏe của bạn, bạnhãy tu Phật. Tu Phật đạt được sự vui vẻ đó là sự hưởng thụ tối cao của đời người.
16. Đối với người có bệnh cũ mà nói, chỉ khi có khí huyết đầy đủ (một là thôngqua phương pháp bổ sung khí huyết như đã giới thiệu ở đây, hai là thông qua việcđi tản bộ để đánh thông khí cơ), bệnh tình mới có thể hiển hiện ra. Vì thế ngườiluyện công sau khi công phu đã đạt đến một trình độ nhất định đều xuất hiện mộtvài hiện tượng “bệnh”. Đến lúc đó phải vững vàng kiên định, tâm thần phải tĩnhlại và luyện nhiều tĩnh công hơn để gia tăng khí huyết của bản thân, để mauchóng vượt qua giai đoạn này.
17. Con người làm trái với quy luật dưỡng sinh, mặc dù không nhất định sẽ bị bệnhngay lập tức, nhưng một khi đã hình thành thói quen, liền gia tăng nguy cơ mắcbệnh. Điều này giống với luật lệ giao thông, bạn vi phạm luật lệ giao thông,không nhất định sẽ xảy ra sự cố, nhưng tình trạng nguy hiểm là có thể thấy rấtrõ ràng.
18. Tại sao con người nhất thiết phải duy trì trạng thái đói khát nhất định thìmới có lợi cho dưỡng sinh? Kỳ thực đây chính là sự vận dụng tuyệt diệu của chữ“Hư”. Đạo gia giảng, hư thì linh. Chính cái đó cùng với sự khiêm tốn khiến chocon người tiến bộ, giống như tự mãn khiến con người lạc hậu, vì thế con ngườinhất thiết phải thường xuyên duy trì trạng thái “hư linh”, mới có thể luôn luônduy trì sự thanh tỉnh, duy trì sự khỏe mạnh.
19. Con người muốn khỏe mạnh, thì nhất thiết phải làm cho bên trong cơ thể có đầyđủ “khí” để “khí hóa” những thức ăn đi vào. Chỉ có như thế, thì bên trong thânthể bạn mới không tích tụ chất cặn bã, sẽ không có thức ăn thừa bị phóng thíchvà phân tán “hư hỏa” gây tổn hại các cơ quan nội tạng trong cơ thể bạn. Cái “hưhỏa” còn làm tổn hại “khí” của bạn. Vì thế, từ trên ý nghĩa đó có thể thấy, conngười hiện đại bị bệnh, đại đa số là do ăn uống không điều độ mà thành.
20. “Nằm lâu hại khí”, “Ngồi lâu hại thịt”, “Nhàn hạ ắt khí ứ đọng”, lại dưỡngtĩnh quá độ, sẽ khiến công năng tiêu hóa của tì vị bị hạ thấp, chức năng của tạngphủ ì trệ, khí huyết lưu chuyển ứ tắc không thông thuận, lực đề kháng giảm, khảnăng miễn dịch bị tổn hại, lượng đường, mỡ, axit uric, huyết áp tăng cao, dần dầnlâu ngày, con người sẽ sinh bệnh, hơn nữa đa phần đều là thân thể yếu nhiều bệnh,ví dụ như cảm mạo thường xuyên, không muốn ăn, thần trí mỏi mệt, sốt ruột căngthẳng v.v…
21, Tục ngữ có câu “Linh cơ nhất động, kế thượng tâm lai” (nhạy bén hễ động, nảyra sáng kiến). Chữ “cơ” nếu như có thể thực sự hiểu được thấu, thế thì ngộ tínhcủa bạn được tính là đã khai mở rồi. Thầy giáo dạy người, bác sỹ trị bệnh, kỳthực chính là đang chỉ ra cái “cơ” này của bạn, khiến cái “cơ” này của bạn khaimở. cái “cơ” này có lúc cũng gọi là “then chốt”. Đương nhiên cái “cơ” này khởitác dụng là có điều kiện, cũng giống như khinh khí chỉ khi đạt đến nồng độ nhấtđịnh, thì gặp lửa mới có thể bùng cháy. Hãy nhớ kỹ, tác dụng của người khác đềulà nhân tố bên ngoài, bản thân bạn mới thực sự là nguyên nhân bên trong.
22. Kỳ thực, rất nhiều sự phát hiện và phát minh chân chính, điều cần thiết [đểsáng tạo ra chúng] không phải là cái gọi là hệ thống kiến thức trên sách vở; màhoàn toàn ngược lại, một người chưa từng thông qua bất kể sự giáo dục nào mộtcách hệ thống, nhưng ngộ tính rất cao, là người có tư duy cởi mở, họ thường thựcsự ngộ ra được chân tướng.
23. Con người tối kỵ nhất là loạn chữ, loạn tâm, khi đối ngoại có thể làm hỏngviệc, đối nội có thể ảnh hưởng đến khí huyết, làm mất đi sự hoạt động thông thường.Phàm là khi vui buồn, tức giận, hoài nghi, lo lắng, đều là loạn, là căn nguyêncủa bệnh tật và đoản thọ, không chỉ khi dưỡng bệnh mới không nên loạn, mà khibình thường cũng rất kỵ tâm loạn.
24. Giận nhiều hại gan, dâm nhiều hại thận, ăn nhiều hại ruột, ưu tư hại lálách, phẫn nộ hại gan, sầu muộn hại tinh thần.
25, Khi đổ bệnh, đều do tâm suy yếu, ngoại tà thừa cơ xâm nhập. Mà khi tâm yếukhí nhược, mỗi khi do tâm tình hỗn loạn, thân thể không sung mãn, xuất hiện đủloại bất an, Tham ăn, tham thắng, tham đạt, tham vui an dật, đều đủ để dẫn đếnbị bệnh. Khi tham mà không được, thì dễ dẫn đến giận dữ. Hay giận dữ khiến tâmkhí hỗn loạn, gan mật rối loạn, sáu mạch chấn động, ngũ tạng sôi trào, ngoài tàcùng lúc đó mà thừa cơ xâm nhập, đó là nguyên nhân của bệnh tật.
26, Người thường mong cầu trường thọ, trước tiên phải trừ bệnh. Mong cầu trừ bệnh,phải biết dụng khí. Muốn biết dụng khí, trước hết phải dưỡng sinh. Phương phápdưỡng sinh, trước hết phải điều tâm (điều hòa tâm thái).
27, Con người do khí trong ngũ hành mà sinh, nhục thân lấy khí làm chủ. Khí bịhao tổn ắt sinh bệnh, khí ứ động không thông cũng sinh bệnh. Muốn trị bệnh này,ắt phải trị khí trước tiên.
28. Khí để thông huyết, huyết để bổ khí, tuy hai mà như một vậy. Phàm là ngườinhìn nhiều (sử dụng mắt nhiều) ắt tổn thương huyết, nằm nhiều tổn thương khí,ngồi nhiều tổn thương thịt, đứng nhiều tổn thương xương, đi nhiều tổn thươnggân, thất tình lục dục quá độ ắt tổn thương nguyên khí, hại tới tâm thận. Nhưngọn lửa cháy mạnh mẽ, bị hao tổn dương khí.
29. Trị bệnh về ngũ tạng, đầu tiên cần bổ khí. Thận là cấp bách nhất. Bổ khínghiêm cấm động tâm, động tâm ắt nóng gan, các mạch bị chấn động, chân thủy sẽhao tổn. Tâm bị động, sẽ dẫn khởi phong. Phong động ắt hỏa vượng, hỏa vượng ắtthủy can, thủy can ắt địa tổn.
30. Tâm định thần nhất, người được chữa bệnh cần tín tâm kiên định chuyên nhất,lưỡng tâm tương hợp, có thể trị khỏi bách bệnh, không cần dùng thần dược.
31. Bệnh của con người có thể chia thành 2 loại: một là kinh lạc cơ bản thôngsuốt nhưng khí không đủ. Biểu hiện là thường xuyên đau chỗ này chỗ kia, đó làvì khí của anh ta không đủ để khí hóa thức ăn, từ đó sản sinh ra tương hỏa(cũng gọi là hư hỏa), thuận theo kinh lạc di chuyển hỗn loạn trong thân thể, chỗnào thông thì chạy qua chỗ đó, gặp phải chỗ bị tắc nghẽn, chỗ đó ắt sẽ bị đau.Những người như vậy uống một chút thuốc liền lập tức thấy công hiệu. Hai làkinh lạc không thông, khí không có chỗ nào để lưu lại trong thân thể. Biểu hiệnbề ngoài không có chút dấu hiệu nào của bệnh tật, nhưng một khi đã phát bệnhthì rất nặng, hơn nữa loại người này dù uống thuốc gì thì hiệu quả cũng rất chậm,hoặc căn bản không có tác dụng gì. Chủ phát gọi là cơ. Mũi tên muốn bay ra từcánh cung, bắt buộc phải có cái cơ này để phát động. Bất kỳ sự tình nào cũng đềunhư thế, đều có một cái cơ, chỉ khi nào kích động cái cơ này, thì sự tình mớiphát sinh, nếu chẳng kích động được cái cơ này, các điều kiện khác dẫu có nhiềuđến mấy, cũng không có cách nào dẫn khởi sự việc. Vậy rốt cuộc cơ nó là cái thứgì, nó chính là nhân tố then chốt để phát sinh mọi sự việc. Nó là điểm, khôngphải là diện. Thế nhưng nếu kích động được điểm này, thì có thể kéo theo cả mộtdiện. Cho nên bệnh cơ là nhân tố then chốt nhất trong sự phát sinh, phát triểnvà biến hóa của bệnh, (cũng có thể nói, bệnh cơ một khi khai mở, bệnh trạng củangười đó sẽ hiển hiện ra, người đó sẽ tiến nhập vào trạng thái tuần hoàn áctính của bệnh, đối lập với bệnh cơ là “sinh cơ”. Khi sinh cơ mở ra, người đó sẽtiến nhập vào trạng thái thuần tốt đẹp của quá trình hồi phục. Thực tế bệnh cơvà sinh cơ là hai phương diện của cùng một thứ, là một cặp âm dương. Khi bệnhcơ mở ra, sinh cơ sẽ đóng lại; khi sinh cơ mở ra, bệnh cơ tự nhiên cũng sẽđóng. Đây gọi là pháp biện chứng).
32. Cảnh giới cao nhất của Trung y là dưỡng sinh, cảnh giới cao nhất của dưỡngsinh là dưỡng tâm. Cho nên, đối với dưỡng sinh mà nói, hạ sỹ dưỡng thân, trungsỹ dưỡng khí, thượng sỹ dưỡng tâm. Nhìn một cá nhân cũng giống như thế, nhìn tướngkhông bằng nhìn khí, nhìn khí không bằng nhìn tâm.
33. Tâm thần bất an, tâm tình nóng vội, là căn nguyên dẫn đến bị bệnh và tửvong. Phương pháp giữ tâm bình an, là bí quyết số một trong việc bảo vệ sinh mệnh.Tâm có thể chủ động tất cả. Tâm định ắt khí hòa, khí hòa ắt huyết thuận, huyếtthuận ắt tinh lực đủ mà thần vượng, người có tinh lực đủ thần vượng, lực đềkháng nội bộ sẽ khỏe, bệnh tật sẽ tự tiêu tan. Cho nên để trị bệnh đương nhiêncần lấy dưỡng tâm làm chủ [yếu].
34. Phong hàn âm dương mùa hạ nóng ẩm, đều có thể khiến cho con người mắc bệnh.Ngộ nhỡ lực đề kháng yếu, [bệnh tật] sẽ thừa cơ xâm nhập. Người có thân thể yếunhược thường nhiều bệnh, chính là cái lý này. Người giàu có điều kiện bảo hộ tốt,như ăn-mặc-ở v.v… Người nghèo có lực đề kháng, nếu như khí đủ thần vượng, lỗchân lông dày khít, không dễ bị [bệnh tật] xâm nhập v.v… Người giàu ăn nhiều đồbéo ngọt, hại dạ dày hại răng. Người nghèo hay phải chịu đói, thức ăn không phứctạp, nhờ đó mà không bị bệnh ở ruột. Người giàu thường nhàn hạ, vì thế mà nhiềuphiền muộn. Người nghèo lao động nhiều, nhờ đó mà bệnh tật ít. Người giàu khôngtạo phúc mà chỉ hưởng phúc, chỉ toàn tiêu phúc, tiêu cạn ắt nghèo. Người nghèocó thể cần kiệm, đó chính là tạo phúc, khi quả chín sẽ giàu có. Phàm là điều kiệnbảo hộ ăn-mặc-ở đầy đủ thì lực đề kháng về tinh khí thần sẽ yếu. Điều kiện bảohộ kém, lực đề kháng ắt sẽ mạnh.
35. Mới khỏi bệnh nặng, cần tránh cắt tóc, rửa chân, tắm gội
36. Con người đều muốn cầu trường thọ vô bệnh, thân thể luôn khỏe mạnh. Muốnthân thể khỏe mạnh, đương nhiên cần điều tiết tinh khí thần. Muốn điều tiếttinh khí thần, đương nhiên cần cự tuyệt sự can nhiễu của những thứ tà. Muốn chặnđứng tà, đầu tiên cần phải dưỡng tâm. Muốn dưỡng tâm, cần phải hóa giải tam độctham-sân-si. Muốn hóa giải tam độc này, bắt buộc phải học tâm giới. Nhưng muốngiữ được giới về ngôn từ lời nói, không nói không làm những việc vô ích, cần phảikhai [trí] huệ, vứt bỏ đi những điều ngu muội, và bắt buộc phải đạt được địnhtrước tiên. Muốn đạt được định, tất phải học tản bộ.
37. Có thể tĩnh ắt phải là người nhân [nghĩa], có nhân [nghĩa] ắt sẽ thọ, có thọchính là hạnh phúc thực sự.
38. Tất cả những pháp môn tu thân tu tâm, chỉ có bí quyết gồm 2 từ: một làphóng hạ, hai là quay đầu. Phóng hạ đồ đao, lập địa thành Phật; Biển khổ vôbiên, quay đầu là bờ. Chỉ cần phóng hạ, quay đầu, người bệnh lập tức khỏi, ngườimê lập tức giác ngộ. Đây mới thực sự là người có vô lượng thọ.
39. Người mà tâm quá lao lực, tâm trí mệt mỏi thì gan sẽ vượng, tâm quá lao lựcchính là tâm quá đầy, không rỗng. Tâm đầy, ắt không thể dung nạp can (mộc) sinhchi hỏa, tâm không dung nạp can sinh chi hỏa, khí trong gan ắt sẽ tích tụ lạinhiều. Gan là mộc khắc thổ, nên tì vị sẽ mắc bệnh, tiêu hóa sẽ không tốt, dinhdưỡng không đủ, tối ngủ sẽ không yên. Mộc lại khắc thủy, từ đó mà thận thủy bịthiếu, thủy không đủ ắt hỏa càng vượng, tâm thận có liên hệ tương hỗ, nên tâmkhí càng yếu, bệnh phổi sẽ hình thành. Nội bộ có mối liên quan tương hỗ, một thứđộng sẽ kéo theo toàn bộ đều động, một chỗ bị bệnh sẽ khiến toàn cơ thể bị bệnh.Người có cái tâm nhiễu loạn, chính là do cái tâm ngông cuồng đầy tham vọng, chonên muốn trị bệnh cần làm an cái tâm này lại, an cái tâm này lại chính là chấmdứt vọng tưởng, để chấm dứt vọng tưởng cần có tâm sáng, tâm sáng chính là tựgiác ngộ, mà để đạt được khỏe mạnh thì công hiệu nhất lại là ở tản bộ.
40. Tản bộ là phương pháp điều hòa tâm, tâm điều hòa ắt thần an (tinh thần an lạc),thần an ắt khí đủ, khí đủ ắt huyết vượng, khí huyết lưu thông, nếu có bệnh cóthể trừ bệnh, nếu không đủ có thể bồi bổ, đã đủ rồi có thể gia tăng. Bệnh hiệntại có thể trừ, bệnh tương lai có thể phòng tránh. Điều tâm còn khiến cho thầnminh (tinh thần minh mẫn sáng suốt), thần minh ắt cơ linh, người có tâm thanhtĩnh thật tuyệt diệu biết bao, họ có cái nhìn biện chứng, tác phong bề ngoàilinh hoạt, thấu hiểu các nguyên lý một cách chính xác, liệu sự nhìn xa trông rộng,gặp loạn bất kinh, thấy cảnh đẹp không bị mê hoặc, có thể thông đạt mọi thứ, bảnthân không có những ý kiến chủ quan sai lệch, đại cơ đại dụng, chính là từ đómà ra.
41. Con người khi bị bệnh kỵ nhất là khởi tâm oán giận. Lúc này nhất định phảigiữ sự bình an hòa ái, khiến cho tâm an định. Sau đó dần dần điều chỉnh, sức khỏesẽ rất nhanh hồi phục. Tâm an thì khí mới thuận, khí thuận mới có thể trừ bệnh.Nếu không ắt tâm sẽ gấp hỏa sẽ thăng, can khí sẽ phải chịu hao tổn, làm bệnhtình càng thêm nặng. Tâm thân yên nhất, khí huyết toàn thân ấy, sẽ tự phát huytác dụng khôi phục sức khỏe.
42. Giờ Tý (từ 11 giờ đêm đến 1 giờ sáng) mất ngủ, thủy thận tất thiếu, tâm thậncó liên hệ tương hỗ, thủy thiếu ắt hỏa vượng, rất dễ tổn hại tới [tinh] thần.
43. Trong khi ngủ nếu có tư tưởng, tâm không thể an, không được vừa nằm vừa suynghĩ trăn trở, rất dễ hao tổn [tinh] thần.
44. Giờ Ngọ (từ 11 giờ đến 13 giờ) thuộc về tâm, giờ này có thể tản bộ 15 phút,nhắm mắt dưỡng thần, tâm khí ắt khỏe mạnh.
45. Dậy sớm trong khoảng giờ Dần từ 3 giờ đến 5 giờ, giờ này kỵ nhất buồn giận,nếu không ắt hại phổi tổn thương gan, hy vọng mọi người hết sức chú ý.
46. Tất cả sự nghiệp trong cuộc đời, đều lấy tinh thần làm căn bản, sự suy vượngcường thịnh của tinh thần, đều dựa vào sự tĩnh định bất loạn của tâm và thần, mộtchữ loạn, cũng đủ để làm trở ngại tới công việc.
47. Nhân sinh lấy khí huyết lưu thông làm chủ, khí ứ đọng có thể ngăn trở huyết,máu huyết bị ngăn trở có thể tích độc thành nhọt thành bệnh, thành u thành ungthư, tất cả đều là do huyết khí không thông tạo thành. Khí lấy thuận làm chủ,huyết lấy thông làm suôn sẻ. Căn nguyên bách bệnh đầu tiên đều do khí tắc, khíbị tắc bên trong, gan sẽ bị thương tổn trước tiên. Cách cứu chữa, chính là ở bíquyết hóa giải. Mà bí quyết hóa giải lại gồm có 2 loại: Một là tìm căn nguyên củanó, căn nguyên này chính là ở tâm, tâm không ắt tất cả tự động được hóa giải.Hai là dùng thuốc và châm cứu, trợ giúp hóa giải thêm bằng mát xa, sẽ giúp chokhí huyết lưu thông.
48. Dưỡng bệnh trị bệnh không thể đòi hỏi nhanh. Bởi vì nóng vội sẽ trợ giúp hỏa,hỏa vượng sẽ tổn khí, gây tác dụng ngược lại. Ngoài ra không thể tham nhiều,tham lam ắt tâm không kiên định mà nóng vội, huống hồ bách bệnh đều do tham màra, nên không thể lại tham mà làm cho bệnh tình càng thêm nặng là vậy.
49. Tâm thuộc tính Hỏa, Thận thuộc tính Thủy, Tâm Thận liên hệ tương hỗ. Hỏa cầngiáng hạ, Thủy cần thăng lên, Thủy Hỏa tương tề, ắt khí trong thân thể sẽ bộcphát. Các bộ phận cơ thể vận động, có thể được mạnh khỏe. Điều này qua việcquan sát lưỡi có thể biết được. Lưỡi không có nước ắt không linh hoạt, vì chữhoạt (活) là do bộ Thủy và chữ lưỡi (舌) ghépthành. Lưỡi có thể báo cáo tình trạng nặng nhẹ của các loại bệnh bên trong thânthể, từ đó mà phán đoán việc sinh tử.
50. Phương pháp tự cứu khi lâm đại bệnh: Một là không được sợ chết, tin tưởng rằngbệnh của mình, không những có thể khỏi, mà thân thể có thể trở nên đặc biệt khỏemạnh, sống lâu trường thọ. Bởi vì bản thân cơ thể bản chất đã có năng lực này,không phải chỉ là suy nghĩ để tự an ủi. Hai là tin tưởng không cần dùng thuốchoặc dựa vào bất kỳ thực phẩm dưỡng sinh nào, nhất định bản thân tự có khả năngtrừ bệnh kéo dài tuổi thọ. Ba là bắt đầu từ hôm nay, phải quyết định không đượclại động tới thân bệnh của bản thân, không được nghĩ tới bệnh của bản thân là bệnhgì, tốt hay xấu đều không được suy tính về nó, chỉ làm một người vô tư. Bốn làtrong khoảng thời gian chữa trị, không được nghĩ tới công việc, cũng không đượchối hận về công việc và thời gian đã mất, chuyên tâm nhất trí, nếu không sẽ lạichậm trễ có khi hỏng việc.
51. Phương pháp dưỡng tĩnh: an tọa (nằm) trên giường,đặt thân tâm nhất tề hạ xuống, toàn thân như hòa tan, không được phép dùng mộtchút khí lực nào, như thể không có cái thân thể này vậy, hô hấp tùy theo tựnhiên, tâm cũng không được phép dùng lực, một niệm khởi lên cũng là đang dùng lực.Để tâm đặt xuống tận dưới bàn chân, như thế có thể dẫn hỏa đi xuống, dẫn thủyđi lên, tự nhiên toàn thân khí huyết sẽ thông thuận.
52. Yếu quyết tu luyện: tĩnh lặng theo dõi, tránh dùng lực Yêu cầu cụ thể:Không cho phép bất cứ bộ phận nào dùng khí lực dù chỉ một chút, bao gồm ý niệm,hô hấp, tứ chi, cần làm được: mắt không nhìn, tai không nghe, mũi không ngửi,lưỡi không nếm, miệng không nạp (ăn), tâm không nghĩ. Đó là điều kiện duy nhất.Nếu có bất cứ hành vi tư tưởng, nghe, cảm giác nào đều là đang dùng khí lực, thậmchí cử động ngón tay cũng là dùng khí lực. Thở mạnh cũng lại là dùng khí lực.Không bao lâu hơi thở sẽ tự nhiên trở nên an hòa, như thể không phải ra vào từlỗ mũi, mà như thể 8 vạn 4 ngàn lỗ chân lông trên toàn cơ thể đều có động tác,hoặc nở ra hoặc khép lại, lúc này sẽ là trạng thái vô ngã vô thân vô khí vôtâm, tự nhiên tâm sẽ quy hồi vị trí bản nguyên. Cái gọi là dẫn hỏa quy nguyên,hay còn gọi là thủy hỏa ký tế, chính là bí quyết chung để điều trị bách bệnh.
53. Trường hợp chăm chút dưỡng sinh nhưng lại chết sớm, chiếm đến ba phần mười,vậy rốt cuộc là thế nào? Đó là vì quá yêu quý thân thể của mình. Vì cái thânxác này, sợ phải chịu xấu hổ, sợ bị nuông chiều, sợ chịu thiệt, sợ bị mắc lừa,lo trước lo sau, nhìn ngang nhìn dọc, lo lắng hốt hoảng, tính toán thiệt hơn …như thế, trái tim đó của anh ta cả ngày giống như quả hạch đào bị chó gặm đi gặmlại, làm sao mà có thể không chết chứ. Càng sợ chết, càng chết nhanh. Nếu bạnmuốn dưỡng sinh, thì phải không sợ chết. Chỉ có không sợ chết, mới có thể cáchxa cái chết. Người thực sự không sợ chết, đi đường sẽ không gặp phải hổ, nếu cógặp phải, hổ cũng không ăn thịt anh ta. Đánh nhau không gặp phải đao súng, nếucó gặp, đao súng cũng sẽ không làm anh ta bị thương. Tại sao? Bởi vì anh takhông coi cái chết là gì, không sợ chết, cái chết cũng không có cách nào. Dưỡngsinh, mặc dù không phải là mục đích của việc tu đạo, nhưng người tu đạo đã nhìnthấu được sinh tử, cho nên sẽ không sợ chết nữa, vì đã không sợ chết nữa, nêncái chết cũng không còn là vấn đề. Quan sinh tử đã qua rồi, còn gì mà không thểvượt qua nữa? Vì thế, người tu đạo có thể trường sinh. Không nghĩ đến trườngsinh, trái lại lại có thể trường sinh. Tâm luôn nghĩ muốn trường sinh, trái lạicàng nhanh chết. Trường sinh không phải là mục đích của tu đạo, nó chỉ là hiệntượng đi kèm của tu đạo.
54. Người có bệnh, lại không cho rằng mình có bệnh, đây chính là bệnh lớn nhấtcủa con người. Người mà biết bản thân mình có bệnh liệu có được bao nhiêu?
55. Người mà ngày nào nửa đêm canh ba cũng vẫn còn ở trên mạng, bản thân đóchính là điều đại kỵ của dưỡng sinh. Bao gồm cả một số người gọi là danh y cũngthế. Ngoài ra, tâm của họ còn luôn tính toán so đo, thử hỏi người như vậy thì đếnbản thân còn không giữ nổi, thì làm sao chữa bệnh cho người khác đây?
56. Đừng tham những cái lợi nhỏ nhặt, cái lợi lớn cũng đừng tham. Một từ thamnhưng bao hàm cả họa. Tham lam, suy tính thiệt hơn sẽ khiến cho người ta mắccác bệnh về tim. Tham lam, suy hơn tính thiệt là biểu hiện của việc không hiểuĐạo Pháp về cái lý tự nhiên.
57. Đừng có ngày nào cũng nghĩ xem ăn cái gì để bổ âm, ăn cái gì để trángdương. Hãy nhớ kỹ, vận động là có thể sinh dương; tản bộ thì có thể sinh âm. Âmlà mẹ của dương, dương là được vận dụng bởi âm.
58. Người ta khi khí không đầy đủ, không được mù quáng mà bổ khí, nếu không ắtsẽ ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe. Nếu như vì huyết không đủ, thì cần phải bổ huyết trước,bởi vì huyết là mẹ của khí, nếu không ắt sẽ thành dụng cụ thiêu đốt, làm cho nộitạng bị đốt cháy; nếu là vì kinh lạc không thông, thì có thể gia tăng khí huyết,đồng thời bồi bổ khí huyết. Như vậy mới có thể đạt được tác dụng của bổ khí.
59. Hoàn cảnh đối với người dưỡng sinh có tính trọng yếu là điều vô cùng rõràng. Đây chính là đạo lý mà vì sao người ở những vùng không khí trong lành nơirừng sâu núi thẳm, có thể dưỡng khỏi những bệnh tật khó chữa. Bởi vì những vậtchất tinh vi nơi rừng sâu núi thẳm (ion điện âm) sẽ thông qua trạng thái thả lỏngcủa con người trong khi hít thở sâu mà hấp thụ vào trong nội bộ nhân thể, từ đómà tưới đều lục phủ ngũ tạng, khiến cho người ta có được sức sống mới. Ngoài racòn có một điểm mà người thường không hề biết, đó chính là con người không chỉhô hấp thông qua lỗ mũi, mà mỗi một lỗ chân lông trên thân thể con người đều cóthể hô hấp, hơn nữa những gì chúng hấp thụ chính là tinh hoa của trời đất.
60. Con người trong trạng thái thả lỏng và tĩnh, hít thở sâu và chậm có thể cảmnhận được sự giao hoán những tinh khí của con người với trời đất: Trong khi hấpthụ khí, thực tế ngoại trừ lúc phổi đang hít khí vào, toàn bộ thân thể đều đangbài trừ khí bên trong thân thể ra ngoài, và đem khí của người phóng thích rangoài trời đất; còn khi phổi đang thải khí ra, thực tế con người đang hấp thụtinh khí của đất trời thông qua các lỗ chân lông. Điều này đại khái chính là điềumà Lão Tử đã nói “Thiên địa chi gian, kỳ do thác dược hồ”.
61. Khi vận động có hai điểm cấm kỵ: một là không được vận động khi khí huyếtkhông đủ; hai là không được vận động trong môi trường bị ô nhiễm.
62. Vận động có hai tác dụng: một là gia tăng tốc độ vận hành của khí huyết,thúc tiến quá trình bài xuất chất cặn bã trong thân thể ra ngoài; hai là khai mởlỗ chân lông trên da, để hấp thụ tinh khí của trời đất.
63. Ngộ tính là gì? Trí huệ là gì? Ngộ tính và trí huệ chính là sử dụng nhữngphương pháp đơn giản nhất để xử lý, xem xét tất cả các sự vật. Nhưng có một sốngười thường hay gây nhiễu loạn luôn nhìn những sự việc đơn gian thành phức tạp,làm thành phức tạp. Phức tạp và đơn giản kỳ thực là một thứ, là hai mặt của mộtthứ. Điều người thông minh nhìn thấy là mặt đơn giản, điều người ngu xuẩn nhìnthấy là mặt phức tạp.
64. Con người không trị được bệnh, thì cần phải nhờ Thần trị; Thần trị không khỏibệnh thì phải nhờ Phật trị. Phật giảng điều gì? Điều Phật giảng là tâm.
65. Bệnh viện và tòa án ngày nay đều như nhau, có động tới hay không cũng đềuđưa cho bệnh nhân giấy thông báo phán quyết tử hình. Mà trong nhiều tình huống,phán tử hình cho nhiều người đáng lẽ không bị tử hình. Tại sao lại nói như thế?Lấy “ung thư” làm ví dụ, trong tâm con người ngày nay ung thư đồng nghĩa với tửhình. Kỳ thực nếu như chúng ta không gọi nó là ung thư, thế thì đối với bệnhnhân mà nói, chính là mang cho bệnh nhân một tia hi vọng, bằng như lưu lại chohọ một cơ hội sống. Cho nên tôi mới nói, bệnh nhân ung thư ngày nay có đến hơnmột nửa là bị dọa chết, là bị áp lực tinh thần dày vò đến chết. Đồng thời cũngchính là bị bệnh viện hành hạ đến chết. Bởi vì một khi bạn bị chẩn đoán thành bệnhung thư, họ sẽ có thể không kiêng nể gì cả mà tùy ý xử lý bạn, điều trị màkhông chết coi như mệnh của bạn lớn, điều trị mà chết, thì là do bệnh của bạnlà ung thư. Sự thực mà nói, không có bệnh gì là trị không khỏi, chỉ là xem cáitâm của bạn có thể buông xuống được không, tất cả bệnh tật đều từ tâm sinh, tấtcả bệnh tật cũng đều từ tâm mà trị. Chỉ cần bạn vẫn còn sống, bạn vẫn còn cơ hội.Tìm thấy được cơ hội này, áp dụng nó đối với việc trị bệnh ung thư, bạn sẽ khỏemạnh trở lại.
66. Hiện nay ngoài xã hội đều nói về cạnh tranh, việc này đã khiến cho mọi trậttự bị đảo loạn, khiến cho con người bị dẫn dụ vào ma đạo. Cạnh tranh là gì? Cạnhtranh chính là khiến người ta bị cuốn vào cảnh giới tham dục vô hạn. Một mặt bạnđề xướng cạnh tranh, một mặt bạn nói về những gì là xây dựng và ổn định xã hội,đây chẳng phải là điển hình của việc tự lừa mình dối người sao.
67. Căn cứ vào nguyên lý âm dương tương hỗ mà xét, thanh khiết và vẩn đục là hấpdẫn lẫn nhau. Cho nên con người ăn vào những thứ tươi mới tất sẽ có tác dụngtương hợp với những vật chất bẩn trong cơ thể, từ đó mà bài trừ những thứ ấy rangoài.
68. Những vật chất vẩn đục sinh ra là do ăn vào những thực phẩm không sạch,nhưng chủ yếu là do ăn quá nhiều, cơ thể không thể tiêu hóa được khiến đống thứcăn thừa đó biến thành cặn bã.
69. Tùy kỳ tự nhiên là cảnh giới cao nhất của dưỡng sinh. Một người khi sinhra, vận mệnh của anh ta căn bản là đã có định số rồi. Anh ta nên làm gì, khôngnên làm gì, nên ăn gì, không nên ăn gì, nếu như có thể thuận theo vận số của bảnthân mà làm, thì sẽ có thể được bình an vô sự. Người có ngộ tính sẽ phát hiệnra được, sẽ biết được vận mệnh của bản thân, biết được họ nên làm cái gì, khôngnên làm cái gì. Cho nên dưỡng sinh tuyệt đối không đơn giản là bắt trước, bảosao làm vậy. Không cần hâm mộ người khác, cần tìm ra ngộ tính của bản thân từtrong tâm của chính mình. Vậy con người làm thế nào mới có thể phát hiện bảnthân đã đạt được tùy kỳ tự nhiên hay chưa? Kỳ thực điều này quá dễ, khi bạn cóbệnh, bạn cảm thấy không thoải mái, bạn thấy không được tự tại, chứng tỏ bạn đãđi ngược lại tự nhiên rồi. Cần làm được thuận theo tự nhiên của đại tự nhiênbên ngoài, ngoài ra còn phải thuận theo lẽ tự nhiên của vận mệnh bên trong bảnthân, hai điều này đều không thể thiếu được.
70. Rất nhiều người khi nghe thấy bác sỹ tuyên bố bản thân bị mắc trọng bệnh,thường đều sẽ biểu hiện ra dáng vẻ không vui, hi vọng có thể dùng phương pháp cắt,gọt, độc, giết v.v… để loại bỏ căn bệnh đó, tuy nhiên, bệnh tật thực sự khôngphải sản sinh từ đó? Trên thế gian tuyệt đối không có hiện tượng “đang khỏe mạnhđột nhiên sinh bệnh”. Lấy cảm mạo làm ví dụ, nếu thực sự yêu cầu bệnh nhân tựlàm kiểm điểm, thông thường bệnh nhân sẽ cho biết, bản thân trước khi cảm mạo,đã trải qua vài lần thức thâu đêm; có người sẽ nói rằng bản thân bị trúng gió lạnh,bị dính mưa ướt; có một số người lại nói do áp lực công việc quá lớn, thườngxuyên đau đầu, mất ngủ. Kỳ thực, những hiện tượng như thế, đều có thể là nhân tốdẫn tới cảm mạo, nói thêm nữa, nếu như độ mẫn cảm và tính cảnh giác của con ngườiđầy đủ, tự nhiên sẽ có thể đạt được mục đích “đề phòng tai họa”.
71. Khoa học chân chính là gì? Chính là nhân duyên quả báo. Không tin nhân quả,thì không phải là khoa học chân chính.
72. Cái tâm không sợ chịu thiệt, không sợ bị người khác chiếm lấy lợi ích. Haynói một cách khác là bạn có thể chịu thiệt, người khác muốn lấy mạng của bạn màbạn vẫn có thể buông xả, bạn đều có thể cho họ hết, hơn nữa tự bản thân trong bấtkỳ hoàn cảnh nào đều không ham lợi ích, khi đó cái tâm của bạn có thể sẽ khôngđịnh (tĩnh lặng) sao? Con người trên thế gian có ai làm được? Nhưng Phật là cóthể làm được.
73. Sau khi con người nắm vững được phương pháp về sức khỏe, họ sẽ thực sự hưởngthụ được một trạng thái tự tin khi không còn lo sợ mắc bệnh. Cái loại cảm giácnày thật tuyệt, hy vọng rằng bạn và chúng tôi đều có thể có được trạng thái tựtin đó.
74. Khi học vấn thâm sâu ý chí sẽ bình lặng, tâm định ắt khí sẽ yên. Cho nên đốivới một người đắc Đạo mà nói, quan sát một người, không phải là một việc quákhó khăn, đây cũng là kết quả của tướng tùy tâm chuyển.
75. Danh là điều khó phá vỡ nhất trong ngũ dục, sắc đứng thứ hai, tiếp theo làtài, sau đó là ăn và ngủ. Tâm về danh không bỏ, thì không có cách nào nhập Đạo.
76. Khởi nguồn của bách bệnh, đều bắt nguồn từ việc bị gió độc thừa cơ xâm nhập.Nếu như thân thể khí suy nhược, khả năng phòng vệ kém, hoặc ưu tư sợ hãi, đắmchìm trong tửu sắc, làm việc quá lao lực, chân khí sẽ bị hao tổn từ đó tà ngoạithừa cơ tấn công.
77. Trị bệnh về ngũ tạng, đầu tiên cần phải bổ khí. Khi bổ khí cấm động tâm,tâm động ắt gan vượng, gây chấn động mạch, chân thủy sẽ hao tổn. Tâm là quạt, sẽdẫn khởi gió. gió động ắt hỏa vượng, hoặc vượng ắt thủy can, thủy can ắt địa tổn.
78. Đối với bác sỹ mà nói, tâm định thần nhất, người được chữa bệnh có tín tâmkiên định, lưỡng tâm tương hợp, có thể trị được bách bệnh.
79. Qua trường hợp Hitler đi vòng qua phòng tuyến kiên cố Maginot của quân độiliên minh, tôi ngộ ra rằng: để đối phó với một số bệnh cứng đầu, không thể tấncông cứng nhắc từ chính diện, cần đột phá từ những phương diện khác có liênquan. Chẳng hạn như việc điều trị các bệnh cứng đầu như bệnh thận, bệnh gan, cóthể đạt được hiệu quả thông qua việc điều chỉnh phổi và lá lách v.v…
80. Trung Dung, là nguyên tắc căn bản của dưỡng sinh. Khí huyết trong cơ thể ngườicũng là một cặp âm dương, huyết là âm là thể, khí là dương là dụng. huyết là mẹcủa khí, khí là chủ tướng của huyết. Khí không đủ, dễ mắc các bệnh do ứ trệ tạonên như mọc u, tắc động mạch; khí quá độ; dễ mắc các bệnh về xuất huyết não.Cho nên, chỉ khi khí huyết cân bằng, con người mới có thể khỏe mạnh.
81. Con người chỉ khi ngộ ra được cái gì là “tự nhiên”, mới được coi là đắc đạo.Biết được tự nhiên, sau đó mới có thể tùy kỳ tự nhiên. người này chính là Thầnnhân. Hiểu được âm dương, hiểu được tùy kỳ tự nhiên, bạn nhất định sẽ trở thànhlương y đại đức.
82. Cái gì là tự nhiên, tự nhiên chính là bất kỳ sự vật gì đều có hai mặt âmdương, bất kỳ sự vật nào đều cần trải qua quá trình Sinh (sinh sản), Trưởng(tăng trưởng), Thu (thu hoạch), Tàng (tàng trữ). Bạn thuận theo quá trình này,sử dụng nguyên lý tương sinh tương khắc của ngũ hành để điều tiết sự cân bằng củabệnh nhân, làm sao mà không trị được khỏi bệnh chứ.
83. Đơn giản và phức tạp là một cặp âm dương, sự tình càng phức tạp, thường thườngsử dụng biện pháp đơn giản nhất lại có thể giải quyết. Cũng đồng dạng như thế,một vấn đề nhìn tưởng chừng đơn giản, để giải quyết nó bạn sẽ thấy thật không dễdàng, bạn phải phó xuất nỗ lực rất lớn cũng không nhất định giải quyết được. Điềunày giống cương nhu vậy, cực nhu có thể khắc chế cương, cực cương thì nhu cũngkhông thể chống. Cho nên, chúng ta khi giải quyết vấn đề cần có lối suy nghĩ rằng,gặp phải vấn đề phức tạp nên tìm biện pháp đơn giản để giải quyết, gặp phải vấnđề đơn giản đừng vội coi thường nó, cần phải chú trọng đủ mức tới nó.
84. Chúng ta hãy thử xem trong thế giới này có phải là có tồn tại đạo lý đó haykhông. Liệu có được mấy người có thể tùy kỳ tự nhiên trong việc ăn ngủ, có đượcmấy người có thể tuân thủ tự nhiên. Bạn tuân thủ không được, vì sao? Bởi vì nóquá đơn giản, chính vì quá đơn giản, cho nên bạn không dễ mà có thể tuân thủ.Đây gọi là phép biện chứng.
85. Cái gì là cân bằng? Cân bằng chính là sự tồn tại dựa vào nhau và khắc chếnhau của âm dương, phương diện nào quá độ hoặc quá kém cũng sẽ khiến mất đi sựcân bằng. Tổn thương nguyên khí là gì, mất đi sự cân bằng chính là tổn thươngnguyên khí. Thường xuyên ở trong trạng thái cân bằng, nguyên khí ắt sẽ được bảotrì tốt, con người sẽ lão hóa chậm.
86. Đạo về âm dương chính là sự tương hỗ dựa vào nhau và chuyển hóa lẫn nhau củahai phương diện mâu thuẫn đối lập. Bất kỳ một cặp mâu thuẫn nào, nếu một bênthoát ly khỏi bên kia, không còn chịu sự ức chế của đối phương nữa, thì thời điểmmà nó bị diệt vong cũng không còn xa. Bạn thử nhìn xem, xã hội ngày nay, cáclãnh đạo đều không thích bị khống chế, thích được độc lập tự do, thích làm theoý mình, tham ô hối lộ, thế thì kết quả là gì đều có thể tưởng tượng ra được. Âmvà dương chính là như thế. Trong đại tự nhiên, khi một sự vật xuất hiện, đều cómang theo nhân tố do nó sinh ra, nhưng đồng thời cũng sẽ xuất hiện một nhân tốđể khắc chế nó. Đó chính là đạo lý ngũ hành tương sinh tương khắc, cũng là đạolý dựa vào nhau, ức chế lẫn nhau của âm dương. Cho nên đạo lý dưỡng sinh cũng vậy,khi bạn bị bệnh, luôn tồn tại một nhân tố khiến bạn sinh bệnh, đồng thời cũng sẽcó một nhân tố ức chế nó, có thể giúp bạn tiêu trừ nhân tố gây bệnh. Tương tựnhư thế trong thế giới tự nhiên, tại chỗ có tồn tại rắn độc, chắc chắn khu vựcxung quanh sẽ có tồn tại loại thảo dược có thể giải độc.
87. Cái gì gọi là đắc ý vong hình (vì đắc ý mà quên đi dáng vẻ vốn có của mình)? Anh ta đã mất đi sự khống chế, mất đi sự ức chế của mặt âm, cho nên kết quảnhất định là …. cũng như thế con người không nên để tinh thần sa sút, vì như thếsẽ mất đi sự ức chế của mặt dương đối với họ.
88. Làm thế nào để có đại trí huệ? Nếu không có tấm lòng quảng đại, ở đâu mà cóđại trí huệ chứ.
89. Tục ngữ có nói, sống đến già, học đến già. Học tập cũng cần phải hợp thời,đến tuổi nào thì học những điều mà ta nên học vào giai đoạn ấy, nếu không ắt sẽkhông hợp thời, không tùy kỳ tự nhiên. Nhưng hãy xem sự giáo dục của chúng tangày nay, từ nhà trẻ đến đại học, có bao nhiêu điều là đáng để học. Lúc còn nhỏnên học cái gì. nên học đạo đức, học hiếu đạo, tiếp theo là học nhận biết chữ,dấu chấm câu, tiếp theo là học cách làm việc. Đến tuổi thanh niên thì học cáchlàm sao để sống tốt giáo dục con cái tốt, làm cho gia đình hạnh phúc. Đến tuổitrung niên, học tập đạo dưỡng sinh. Đến những năm tuổi già, học cách buông bỏtâm thái, an hưởng tuổi già. Ngành giáo dục cần học gì, chính là học những thứnày.
90. Tình chí (7 loại tình cảm của con người) đối vớibệnh tật có mối tương quan mật thiết với nhau, có một số bệnh tật là do tìnhchí gây ra, bạn dùng thuốc trị liệu, trị mãi mà vẫn không khỏi, đối với loại bệnhtật này, muốn cởi chuông thì phải tìm người buộc chuông. Ngũ chí có thể gây bệnh,ngũ chí cũng có thể giải trừ bệnh.
91. Dưỡng sinh có một điều rất trọng yếu, đó là không được sợ chết. Người sợ chếtdương khí không đủ, dương khí không đủ, tử thần sẽ tìm ra được bạn. Đây chínhlà điều mà đạo gia giảng, người tu luyện cần có một khí chất anh hùng. Nhân,trí, dũng không thể thiếu một trong ba.
92. Khi nào bạn lấy học vấn lý giải được nó là vô cùng đơn giản và bình dị, lúcnày bạn mới là chân chính đạt được một trong tam muội. Nếu như bạn vẫn còn cảmthấy nó là bác đại tinh thâm, thâm sâu không thể đo lường, chứng tỏ bạn vẫnchưa nắm được tinh túy của nó, mới chỉ nhìn thấy phần tươi tốt của lá cây, mà vẫnchưa nhìn thấy được căn bản của nó, lúc này bạn mới chỉ ở giai đoạn “có”, vẫnchưa đặt được cảnh giới của “vô”. Tất cả đều không thoát được âm dương, vạn sựvạn vật đều không thoát khỏi được âm dương. Căn bản của điều này chính là âmdương. Biết được một điều này, mọi sự đều có thể hoàn thành.
93. Tập trung tinh thần định khí, quên đi cả bản thân và mọi sự vật. Đó là cốtlõi của dưỡng sinh
94. Chủ minh ắt hạ an, theo đó để dưỡng sinh ắt sẽ thọ, tình thế sống chết cũngkhông nguy hiểm, thiên hạ ắt sẽ hưng thịnh. Chủ bất minh ắt thập nhị quan gặpnguy, khiến cho đạo tắc nghẽn không thông, thực thể liền bị thương tổn, theo đóđể dưỡng sinh ắt sẽ mang họa, người trong thiên hạ, và gia tộc này sẽ gặp đạinguy, nghiêm cấm nghiêm cấm !
95. Ứng dụng của ngũ hành tương sinh tương khắc: Phàm là do ngũ tạng hoạt độngthái quá sẽ gây ra bệnh tật, đều có thể dùng phương pháp ngũ hành tương sinhtương khắc để trị. Giống như thế, phàm là vì ngũ hành không đủ dẫn khởi bệnh tậtthì đều có thể dùng phương pháp ngũ hành tương sinh tương khắc để giải quyết.Đây là nguyên tắc căn bản của phép vận dụng ngũ hành.
96. Người hiện đại thường chú trọng vào phương diện truy cầu đề cao chất lượngcuộc sống, hậu quả của loại truy cầu này rất đáng sợ. Cần biết, dục vọng củacon người đối với vật chất là không có giới hạn. Khi mà loại dục vọng này khôngđược khống chế, cũng tương đương sự thống khổ không có giới hạn của chúng ta. Kỳthực, vật chất có thể đem lại sự hưởng thụ, thì tinh thần cũng có thể; thuốc cóthể trị bệnh, thì phương pháp trị liệu tâm lý cũng có thể làm được. Cho nên,chúng ta dùng cả cuộc đời để truy cầu tài phú, thì chi bằng hãy dùng quãng thờigian ấy để bồi dưỡng một loại tâm thái tốt, khiến cho tinh thần của chúng ta đạttới một loại cảnh giới siêu phàm.
97. Sau khi con người nắm vững được phương pháp về sức khỏe, họ sẽ thực sự hưởngthụ được một trạng thái tự tin khi không còn lo sợ mắc bệnh. Cái loại cảm giácnày thật tuyệt, hy vọng rằng bạn và chúng tôi đều có thể có được trạng thái tựtin đó.
98. Thân thể của chúng ta là một cơ thể có đầy đủ trí tuệ và chức năng, thân thểcủa chúng ta có rất nhiều “lính gác” như: răng, ruột thừa, a-mi-đan v.v… Khithân thể chúng ta có hiện tượng dị thường (thông thường là “thăng hỏa”), nhữnglính canh này sẽ lập tức phản ứng thông báo tới đại não. Người thông minh lúcnày nên điều tiết lại tâm thái, kiểm điểm bản thân, để thân thể cân bằng hàihòa trở lại. Vậy mà hiện nay Tây y đều làm những việc gì? Bạn bị đau đúngkhông, tôi sẽ cắt bỏ bộ phận bị đau của bạn. Hiện nay thậm chí còn có người,phát minh ra một loại máy, bạn bị viêm mũi dị ứng sẽ phải hắt xì hơi đúngkhông? Vậy tôi sẽ đốt cháy khu vực thần kinh mẫn cảm trong mũi của bạn, như thếsau này mũi bạn có bị kích thích gì đi nữa cũng sẽ không bị hắt hơi. Hậu quả củanhững việc làm như thế của Tây y chính là sau này nếu chúng ta lại tiếp tục bịbệnh, thì bộ phận bị cắt bỏ chính là lục phủ ngũ tạng của chúng ta.
99. Hãy nhớ kỹ, khi chúng ta ngẫu nhiên bị đau bụng, hắt hơi, ho, phát sốt v.v…đều là hệ thống phục hồi thân thể của chúng ta đang hoạt động, đừng có quá lạmdụng thuốc khi vừa mới xuất hiện bệnh trạng, nếu không chính thuốc ấy sẽ phá hoạichức năng phục hồi thân thể của bạn, khi mà chức năng phục hồi của bạn bị suy yếuhoặc mất đi, thế thì bạn đã giao vận mệnh của mình cho thuốc rồi. Nên nhớ rằng,nếu bệnh trạng không nghiêm trọng, biện pháp tốt nhất là dưỡng tĩnh, an tâmtĩnh khí có thể khiến hệ thống sữa chữa của bản thân hoàn thành được công tácphục hồi. Cho nên, mỗi một người trong chúng ta cần thận trọng khi dùng thuốc,để cho hệ thống hồi phục chức năng của cơ thể được khôi phục, đây mới chính làđạo chân chính trong việc giữ gìn sức khỏe.
100. Rất nhiều trọng bệnh hoặc bệnh hiểm nghèo, đều chỉ bắt nguồn từ một lý do:Hận. Khi mà cái hận này biết mất, bệnh ắt cũng theo đó mà tiêu trừ. Trong thếgian này điều khó giải quyết nhất chính là hận thù kéo dài, chính vì không hóagiải được cái hận đó, mới có những bệnh không thể trị khỏi được.
Nguồn: NTDTV Biên tập: Tuệ Minh
A cura dell’erede dott.Cesare Paperini
GIUSEPPE 1778 – 1840
CELESTINO 1804 – 1873
NICOLA 1828 – 1898
FRANCESCO 1856 – 1915
CLODOMIRO 1886 – 1949
GIUSEPPE 1931 – 1995
Gli Anchora e il Castello di Corigliano d’Otranto
Come tramandato verbalmente da padre in figlio,gli Anchora arrivarono in terra Apula dall’isola di Creta e si fermarono a sud della penisola bagnata dal mare, dai laghi di acqua dolce e da un fiume formatosi da acqua sorgiva. L’ambiente era circondato di querceti, pini marittimi, oleandri e salici che nascondevano i villaggi e le zone fortificate. La fuga da Creta avvenne dalle guerre delle caste: infatti l’isola era divisa in 6 parti e ognuna di esse aveva il proprio Re i conflitti erano continui: la pace tra le sei caste avveniva solo se altri attaccavano l’isola e in queste occasioni avvenivano le fughe. Si tramanda che in quel sud della penisola vi era pace, riuscivano a comprendersi con la lingua e soprattutto a sviluppare le proprie conoscenze nella caccia, alla ricerca di cibo e tecniche per la coltivazione del grano ? varie verdure e la costruzione di abitazioni fortificate. Tanto era l’intesa che arrivarono per meglio tutelare le imbarcazioni (fiorenti grazie a tanto legname disponibile), di un porticciolo e di un tempio a Minerva per eseguire i sacrifici. (attuale porto Cràulo).
Dai documenti……………….
Anchora Giuseppe nasce a Corigliano d’Otranto nel 1778; all’età di 18anni terminata la settima a Maglie si reca a Napoli per seguire i corsi di belle lettere (attuali lettere classiche), che non riuscirà a terminare per il piacere dei divertimenti, come si evince dalle coperture economiche effettuate in favore di locande e trattorie. All’età di 25anni sposa una nobile incontrata a Napoli nel 1804: dalla loro unione nasce Celestino; negli appunti si legge di un bambino biondo con gli occhi azzurri uguale alla mamma: per l’occasione si danno molte feste sia nelle casine che nei poderi. Giuseppe nei libri mastri elenca i nome dei 42 coloni e dal contratto con essi si evince che era obbligo di consegnare solo le primizie in ogni stagione, il resto suddiviso a chi lavorava nei terreni a loro affidati, in caso di carestie veniva diviso in parti uguali. Acquistava molti cavalli da (attuale Abruzzo e dalla Campania), non amava vedere buoi in agricoltura in quanto erano nati per la carne e soprattutto per il latte: dai suoi appunti si notano entrate per l’affitto dei cavalli nel periodo degli scassi profondi dei terreni fuori delle sue proprietà. Il cavallo era più veloce e soprattutto più duraturo. La sua vita Giuseppe la passava tra i suoi coloni e contadini amava la sera incontrare nobili limitrofi e spesso raggiungeva Maglie e Lecce. Non andava in chiesa lo si vedeva solo nelle prediche dei domenicani che lo appassionavano, nei suoi registri mastri ogni anno vi è una offerta che inviava a Maglie per l’accensione della lampada votiva a San Nicola per tutto l’anno.
Della moglie si hanno scritti sul libro mastro solo per la nascita dei figli, ne ebbe altri 6 dopo Celestino. Su alcuni appunti scritti all’interno delle custodie dei registri mastri del 1814 accusava i francesi che gli rubano il suo “ domani “i giovani”: infatti vi erano reclutamenti e i giovani sognavano quelle divise, i cavalli, le monete nuove che raffiguravano Murat e soprattutto l’arrivo a Maglie ed a Lecce dei velluti, dei merletti per le loro sorelle, fidanzate e mogli in quelle date con calendario francese si legge: oggi 10 nivose i 4 figli del Pulimeno se ne vanno annota oggi 20 nivose…… i Quarta…………Meneleo………………in un anno si sommano 61 giovani dai 18 ai 26anni che lasciano Corigliano d’Otranto per seguire volontariamente le truppe Francesi. La fugga dei nobili con la Repubblica Napoletana non fu tanto sentita, la legge a favore dei contadini emanata dal Murat non fu mai attuata, la vita continuò normalmente, ma con un grave danno: quello della perdita di braccia lavoro per la fuga dei giovani. Celestino finita la sesta a Lecce si reca a Napoli per proseguire gli studi: dai versamenti annotati su un libro mastro è citata l’uscita di versamento…… Celestino “studio terra fu’ Murat”…. sembrerebbe (l’attuale facoltà di Agraria che fu istituita da Murat): anch’egli come il padre non terminerà gli studi, non per divertimenti ma esclusivamente per il suo ideale di economista: infatti nel suo sangue scorreva più sangue blu che quello liberista e populista del padre. Lavorò all’insaputa del padre in istituti di credito, frequentava ambienti notarili studiava negli uffici demaniali l’andamento del mercato, tanto che vendeva i terreni e le abitazioni ereditate dalla madre e li tramutava in denaro corrente e poi in oro, che ritirava negli istituti di credito dello Stato Pontificio. Nel 1840 a 36anni Celestino, alla morte del padre Giuseppe, divenne unico erede di tutto; infatti ai 3 fratelli furono già dati terreni, alle 3 sorelle un buon partito per il matrimonio e una dote in denaro oltre un corredo acquistato nel ducato di Toscana (a quei tempi era il massimo). Celestino si era sposato a 24anni con una nobile donna di Sanarica, una certa Annunziata Maria Antonietta Comi, a cui il padre per dote, come si legge da un contratto conservato in un libro mastro …………….“Alla mia figlia Annunziata M. A. avendo raggiunto l’età di 19anni e dopo autorizzazione di Anchora Giuseppe padre del novizio aspirante sposo Celestino passo………. a nulla pretendere dai altri eredi di mio casato Comi essendo non eredi di quanto diritto….. di tutti i terreni della mia prima moglie Maddalena madre di Annunziata siti in zona canale pozza (attuale canale dell’Asso) are 1500 denominati Linzine e recitante con alberi di alloro in essi sono comprese la masseria Maddalena e la masseria Annunziata n.10 paghiare e 5 casine alloggio per lavoranti vi sono 12 aratri …(elenca gli attrezzi i mobili sino al numero di lenzuola, coperte e le stoviglie………“ la leggenda………….. sembrerebbe che Annunziata ebbe gioielli molto pregiati avuti dal nonno e nonna materna dopo la immatura dipartita della loro cara Maddalena. Celestino li aveva convertiti in oro sembrerebbe che all’età dei 36anni ne avesse ben Kg.25.50. Donna Nunzia era molto buona la sua giovinezza l’aveva passata in un convento di suore presso Urbino (non si hanno notizie certe se non per racconti da padre in figlio………..). Nel 1828 nasce Nicola per lui solo una festa nella parrocchia in casa, a cui partecipano parenti e amici che vengono anche da Napoli, Celestino dopo la costruzione di un palazzo nel centro antico a Corigliano d’Otranto, guarda il Castello trasformato in una abitazione i nobili i coriglionesi raccontavano da padre in figlio l’importanza di quel castello per dare esempi di correttezza ai giovani, un luogo sempre vietato al popolo pure dopo la trasformazione ad abitazione.Celestino preso dal gusto di entrare in quel castello, vederlo e farlo vedere ai suoi amici e pure ai coloni ai suoi contadini, si spinse a parlarne con Peschiulli e gli offrì in denaro registrabili lire 1000 e fuori con scrittura privata kg.1 in oro. I Peschiulli accettarono e si recarono alla sede degli Uffici Demaniali di Bari per il nulla osta e la registrazione fu eseguita presso il Notaio Nuzzachi in Lecce e si dovette attendere ben 120 giorni per la registrazione dagli uffici demaniali del Regno delle due Sicilie. I suoi amici degli istituti di credito diedero le garanzie anche per la nomina di Conte: l’onorificenza Celestino la ricevette da un delegato del regno a Bari. Considerazioni dai suoi appunti:Celestino certamente non vuole essere di meno, nella famiglia Comi ci sono Duchi e soprattutto è preso dalla passione delle gesta dei Monti a loro marchesato e dal conoscere queste storie sul castello, e l’unica cosa da fare era entrarne in possesso per poterlo studiare anche se era lui e tutti a conoscenza che molte cose a ogni passaggio furono portate via, il saccheggio più grande fu dal 1670 al 1759 per mancanza di eredi di Luigi Trani prima della confisca da parte del fisco che lo diede al demanio del regno. Non essendo del luogo e tanto meno amato dai coriglianesi Celestino non capiva perché il Trani avesse trasfigurato la fortezza in un’ abitazione addobbando con sculture applicate, chiudendo le torri, realizzare un fossato, un ponte fisso per l’entrata, chiudendo e aprendo stanze e realizzando un blasone mai certificato. Celestino appena ebbe in mano l’autorizzazione insieme a 8 coloni e 30 contadini inizio alla pulizia del fossato, fece aprire tutto ciò che era stato murato dagli appunti………………..nel retro fossato per 30gg si accumularono oltre 300 pietre sagomate e più di 1000 normali, tutte furono portate in spalla per evitare di lasciare aperto il portone di ingresso e accesso a curiosi, ma soprattutto per la pericolosità degli ambienti…………………..incarica tre suoi amici nel periodo della sua giovinezza napoletana che si erano laureati in Agrimensometria, nel periodo estivo; con le loro famiglie raggiunsero Corigliano d’Otranto e furono alloggiati nella casina, la tenuta estiva di Celestino (attuale oratorio salesiano), la foga per Celestino di conoscere gli amici per arricchire la loro professionalità in un vero ambiente antico a loro disposizione non era da poco…..fece adibire un androne per far dormire i 30 contadini e mise a disposizione una carrozza e 6 cavalli, fece costruire una cucina per preparare 36 pasti e assunse delle donne del luogo per la cucina e pulizie………..dal libro mastro per tali lavori ho dovuto cambiare Kg. 2 di oro all’istituto di credito in Lecce……………..segnala anche la collera di alcuni per questo aprire di tante chiusure e l’utilizzo di manodopera delle sue campagne per distruggere un ben ristrutturato palazzo…anche i figli sono adirati perché volevano trasferirsi nel castello… Solo Annunziata, donna molto dolce, capita questa mania del marito, lo accontenta e lo consolava dicendo che così erano i suoi coloni e tutti i contadini che lo stimavano prima per la sua generosità, ma soprattutto per la sua passione a ricordare l’intelligenza degli antichi e la conservazione delle loro opere. Celestino ristrutturava: era contrario agli abbattimenti e i coloni lo sapevano: le aie, i muri a secco, i pergolati erano i luoghi davanti a cui egli entrava in estasi, si sedeva e li osservava, se vedeva che si deterioravano ordinava le ristrutturazioni, se ne doveva creare altre faceva girare per conoscere se qualcuno stava smontando per ricostruirne di nuove e acquistava vecchi basolati o colonne e li accumulava nelle sue campagne come pezzi di ricambio. L’esplorazione iniziò dal finto fossato, in realtà le fondazioni era ancora a mt.5 sotto il livello: entrati da un largo foro si notarono delle scale che andavano sino al centro del castello certamente erano le stanze dei soldati; c’ era un cunicolo per il passaggio di una sola persona dopo un po’ di giorni da un altro foro che era assimetrico al primo………….un labirinto sotto le fondamenta sicuramente conosciuto da pochi che portava al centro del castello detto il piazzale grande, le pareti in molte parti del labirinto erano state smontate e utilizzate per la costruzione nel castello di altre cose………..sopra il labirinto vi erano dei grandi stanzoni certamente da utilizzare per ricovero animali e attrezzi…Le deduzioni di Celestino dopo 3 mesi espone le sue deduzioni:
LA STORIA DEL CASTELLO (dalle relazioni ……………………………)
La scelta di creare in mezzo a una fitta foresta un campo romano non è nuova per l’Impero Romano,questi campi servivano al ricambio di uomini alla fornitura di armi e soprattutto alla riparazione o la creazione di nuove macchine da guerra (l’utilizzo di pietre perfettamente rotonde in marmo o in travertino dà la prova inconfutabile della presenza di macchine da guerra inoltre la quantità di ammassi di ferro consumati dalla ruggine da un'altra prova.) se poi si calcola che il ricambio era formato di oltre 500 uomini non ci sono dubbi nel perimetro dell’attuale castello si può inserire un cerchio perfetto, certamente utilizzato dal Console responsabile del campo e dai vari accampamenti (attuale Lecce, S.Cesario, Lequile) e dai patrizi e collaboratori, certamente il primo cerchio le costruzioni erano in muratura e così il primo recinto dopo vi erano i centurioni e i cavalieri e altri ancora una radura ben curata e pulita che si estende sino alla foresta. Il luogo ben scelto il legname non mancava così la cacciagione l’acqua era abbondante per via di pozze di acqua sorgiva.Le distanza del campo verso il mare aperto era tale per organizzare la difesa sia per chi attaccava da terra chi per via mare. Corilano non venne mai nell’Apulo Calabra e tanto meno la località prese il suo nome, certamente fu la derivazione o stortura del Console del campo a dare il nome che si divulgò in tutta l’Apula Calabria. Dal 475 d.c. in poi quel campo fu usato e trasformato in villaggio avrà subito saccheggi e distruzioni come si nota nei materiali di zavorra molte pietre hanno lavorazioni diverse molti pezzi in creta fa supporre non la conservazione ma l’attacco a navi o il recupero da quelle affondate sicuramente i pezzi erano di otri enormi contenete legumi e cereali. Emma dei Conti indusse il figlio Tancredi a riunire i feudi di Corigliano e Castiglione in Contea e nominò Pietro Idiomi Conte. Pietro confiscò quel campo fortificato e inizio anche ai contributi bellici ad edificare stanze fortificate affiancate alle mura, il Conte Sanfelice progettò e realizzò la sua sede ampie stanze e corridoi. I Ceppoy de Treblay si limitarono a brevi soggiorni il castello era spesso visitato da ladri e la sua manutenzione costava i francesi raccolsero tutto e rifiutarono alla sua gestione che tornò al demanio.Gli Orsini de Balzo Raimondo sicuramente spinto acquista dal demanio e restaurano l’abitazione del castello abbandonandone il resto addirittura creano una recinzione divenuto maggiorenne il figlio Giovanni Antonio vuole curare le ampie stanze a ridosso delle mura e si nota la differenza le travi vengono sagomate anche il calpestio viene cambiato con basolati per evitare il ristagno di acqua nel grande piazzare esegue una conduttura e fa costruire cisterna di raccolta a ben 15 metri sotto terra era immane ci lavorarono per oltre due anni per la realizzazione e per la volta di chiusura furono chiamati mastri muratori dalla campania specializzati nella costruzione di volte e mura. Ferdinando figlio di Alfonzo d’Aragone declassa da contea a marchesato e lo dona a Nicola Antonio de Monti per meriti di guerra giunto a Corigliano da buon guerriero e stratega si fa sovvenzionare per il restauro e rendere una vera fortezza il castello, le mura vengono allargate e rialzate abbatte il secondo muro fatto edificare dagli Orsini e crea un ponte sulla facciata principale collegandolo con molte scale per l’accesso immediato da tutte le parti delle mura di cinta, fortificò il palazzo allargandone le mura, le stanze costruite a ridosso del recinto le corredò di gradini il piazzale centrale lo adibì a campo di allenamento milizie realizzò ben 50 macchine da guerra fece sicuramente recuperare dal sotto mura molte pietre in marmo dai terrapieni nel sotto suolo nei recuperi per non richiuderli realizzò delle fucine per sciogliere ferro e piombo (si evidenziano negli scavi eseguiti muri anneriti e grovigli di ferri arrugginiti) La fortezza e il castello avevano raggiunto la perfezione lo stratega e grande condottiero Nicola aveva realizzato un caposaldo a difesa da qualsiasi attacco fu il figlio Francesco a utilizzarlo con l’attacco dei turchi. I turchi avevano conquistato Otranto siamo nel 1480 i capisaldi erano Roca che era ben collegata con il castello da un sottopasso già realizzato dai romani e Castro collegata via mare con Roca. I turchi in poco tempo conquistarono Roca e Castro e si spinsero verso Corigliano Francesco ebbe tutto il tempo a far rifugiare le popolazioni del marchesato a ben chiudere le mura e attendere i turchi, in quella fortezza vi erano vettovaglie, legna e poi il sottopasso che arrivava sino al mare tra le insenature rocciose non visibili ne da terra ne dal mare (Roca). La grande cisterna e i 7 pozzi di acqua sorgiva era la sicurezza dava sicurezza di sopravvivere anche a un lunghissimo assedio, i turchi dopo aver oltrepassata la foresta trovarono un fossato e nel cercare qualche passaggio per arrivare alla piana furono investiti dalle fiamme, dal castello i lancieri diedero fuoco a quel fossato appositamente creato dai tempi dei romani e tenuto sempre pronto nei secoli, pieno di legna paglia sansa che si propagò a gli alberi della foresta intrappolando l’esercito turco da tutte le parti il fuoco durò per giorni. Forti le perdite dei turchi che senza aver neppure raggiungere l’obbiettivo erano stati così atrocemente respinti, Francesco si aspettava l’atroce reazione e curò lui stesso le coperture difensive fece rifugiare i civili e la sua famiglia a sud del castello dove vi erano sottoposti delle ampie stanze e a pochi passi dal sottopasso trasferì i cavalli e il bestiame utilizzando alcune stanze a ridosso della recinzione fortificata e ci pose 5 macchine da guerra. L’attacco dei turchi fù terribile ritornarono attrezzati di ponteggi e anche loro con macchine da guerra e sferrarono l’attacco con lancio di frecce e pece accesa che come lapilli caddero su tutta la fortezza molti l’incendi e le perdite, Francesco riuscì a far versare olio misto a pece sul costato est non visibile dai turchi e poi diete ordine a dare fuoco ed ecco un nuovo grande incendio si sviluppa dalla festa che porta con il fumo e la paura il fermo dei turchi che conquistata la piana si misero ad assediare la fortezza non si ebbe nessun attacco per mesi i turchi mostravano la cacciagione l’acqua che raccoglievano dai pozzi, Francesco vedeva i vivere scendere dal sottopasso non poteva giungere nulla, tutto era sotto stretto controllo dei turchi. La strategia, dal sottopasto inviò un abile coriglianese dedito sempre alla pesca che giunto nell’insenatura depose la rete e la lasciò per tutta la notte all’alba la tirò e faticò per raggiungere la fortezza i pesci furono cotti e nella stessa rete li fecero scende dalla mura sino ai turchi i quali restano senza parole a vedere quell’abbondanza di pesce, di seguito gli fecero scendere del pane caldo e a questo punto iniziarono a pensare che era meglio conquistare altre città e poi vendicare i loro morti non valeva la pena restare in un posto dove stava pure mancando l’acqua. Francesco accertatosi del ritiro dei turchi con 2000 fanti partecipo’ alla liberazione di Otranto e Roca, il figlio Giovanbattista fortificò ancora di più il castello realizzo il maschio e 4 torri con collegamenti strategici e 22 torri in legno per migliorare i tiri. I de Monti esperti di guerra e ottimi strateghi investirono molto a creare una rocca difensiva per tutta la terra d’Otranto, Scipione de Monti sicuramente privo di battaglie si dedico in modo certosino a creare stanze cunicoli a restaurare il sottopasso a fornirlo durante il tragitto di pozzi luce a restaurare la viabilità realizzo un sistema fognante di collegamento delle tante latrine convergendo il tutto fuori della recinzione fortificata creando un ampia cisterna che dopo ne chiuse l’apertura. Giorgio nonostante tante donne che lo volevano non volle far famiglia, amava godersi la vita, stava pochissimo al castello vagava di città in città la nascita dei comuni lo attirava amava vedere i nuovi palazzi dei nobili che si arricchivano di quadri di affreschi che le città si trasformavano nel 1649 muore e il castello è ricondannato a passare al fisco. Il castello ritorna a ruberie viene dalla parte esterna scavato un varco nelle grosse mura del recinto per essere occupate le stanze a ridosso da coriglionesi privi di alloggio e di lavoro fisso i nobili sono indignati che i popolani possano utilizzare quelle stanze le voci arrivano a Bari e poi a Napoli e ne approfitta la ricchissima famiglia Trani, proprietari di tanti terreni masserie che si estendevano da Taranto verso il nord di Bari e che volevano alla conquista verso il sud ed ecco nel 1653 acquistano dal fisco il castello. Luigi Trani giunse a Corigliano d’Otranto con architetti e capo mastri e progetto la trasformazione del castello in una abitazione ducale titolo che ottenne nel 1664 la trasformazione fù radicale ma certamente inutile sproporzionata ma realizzata per far notare la potenza economica dei Trani tanto potente che non gli bastava all’acquisto di vasti terreni ma li acquistava con il paese (Tutino, Lucignano, Montesano,Tiggiano, Specchia,Torre Paduli,Scorrano e Martano) morto Luigi il figlio Francesco 1680 ordinò a dei scultori napoletani dei ricami e fregi da apporre sulle facciate dei muri e in varie parti delle torri fece scavare un fossato per rendere più imponente il castello e costruì una lussuosa passerella per raggiungere l’ingresso che creò con un’arcata attinente ai palazzi di quel tempo, recuperò dal sottopasso i basolati e quanto gli servi per abbellire il grande ingresso che porta alle scalinate che raggiungono l’abitazione e poi chiuse costruendo muri e realizzando colonnati per meglio far reggere la torre che guardava verso Roca e chiudendo il tutto con misti di arenaria e sabbia, chiuse i pozzi di sfiato con i “cuti” tolti dai contadini dai terreni. I Trani amano Corigliano d’Otranto contribuisco ad abbellirla anche per i tanti nobili che vengono invitati al Castello. Francesco non ebbe figli e ritornò il castello al fisco.Il castello restò chiuso e blindato per evitare razzie ben 97anni quando le insistenze dei nobili costrinsero Re Ferdinando di Borbone a donarlo ad Antonio Maria Pignatelli era principe di Belmonte che non abitò mai a Corigliano d’Otranto il principe ci mandò dei lontani parenti che trasformarono quel castello e quella grande abitazione di 365 stanze luogo di incontro tra nobiltà e di feste nessuna modifica avviene in questi periodi della struttura così da parte degli eredi i Granito che non interessati lo vendono ai Peschiulli e poi l’acquisto degli Anchora. Celestino decide di far richiudere gli scavi di utilizzare tutto il muro di recinto del lato verso Roca crea abitazioni e grandi stanzoni per il ricovero di raccolti, i nobili lo attaccano anche i prelati lo considerano pazzo a spendere per il popolo e profanare un ambiente destinato alla nobiltà. Morto Celestino 1873 il castello passa a Nicola che fortemente continua il desiderio del padre, accetta di dare alcune stanze alla guardia di dogana sicuramente inviate dal regno per controllare queste strane aperture. Nicola non lascia mai Corigliano neppure per proseguire gli studi si ferma alla sesta e si dedica al controllo dei terreni delle casine e del palazzo si reca al castello esclusivamente per salutare le famiglie che abitavano e continuavano a trasformare stanze sul quel lato per abitarci. Nicola dovette dichiarare che gli pagavano l’affitto per evitare conflitti tra poveri e ne pagava i contributi al Regno come del castello. Organizzava feste popolari e in quel piazzale ci fù tanta allegria arrivavano anche compagnie teatrali e scatenò l’ira di tanti nobili e i neo politici e da spirito libero e populista come il suo avo Giuseppe più condannavano che un castello era frequentato usato e anche abitato cercarono in tutti i modi affinché tornasse al fisco ma non ci riuscirono per la sua rettitudine nel pagare le tasse e sia nella vita privata. Si era sposato all’età di 29anni con Maria Verzienti proveniente da Taranto orfana di padre e madre gli zii gli acquistarono per dote una zona paludosa nella zona di Frigole, ebbe da lei 3 figli 1856 nacque Francesco che alla morte del padre 1898 decise di passare ai Pedone il castello anche se non c’erano vincoli di parentela, fece prendere in aggiunta il cognome Anchora per non far ritornare al fisco la proprietà. Francesco sposò Liaci Concetta ebbe 4 figli donò ai contadini molti dei suoi terreni l’entrate erano ridotte a zero la mancanza di giovani nelle campagne dovute al servizio militare ordinato dal Regno portava Francesco a sentirsi stretto il figlio Clodomiro sposò Romilda Bari figlia dell’agrimensometro Giustino che per il suo lavoro di esproprio per la realizzazione della linea ferrata Ancona – Otranto si era fermato e accasato a Corigliano d’Otranto. Clodomiro pur di dare una eredità a se e ai suoi fratelli decise di accettare (cosa grave a quei tempi per un nobile) il posto offertogli dal suocero e così gli affidarono la nova stazione ferroviaria e ne divenne il primo Capo Stazione di Tricase (1913) nel 1915 fu chiamato alle armi e lasciò la moglie e la primogenita Concetta quando rientrò nel 1918 la vita del Capo Stazione lo impegnava moltissimo, nel suo sangue scorreva il godimento delle campagne la caccia e si trasferì a Lecce e ottenne a diventare Capo Treno. Oltre a Concetta ebbe altre 3 femmine nella speranza di avere un maschio che avvenne nel 1931 lo chiamò Giuseppe proprio come il capo stipide degli Anchora
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M
Schneider-Kreuznach Componon-S 80mm f/4
New Type Enlarging Lens M39 Screw Mount
Schneider-Kreuznach UNIFOC 58 Helical Focus Mount
M42 to Canon EOS M Helical Focus Mount
As well as being a distinguished novelist, Graham Greene (my literary hero) also wrote eight plays, most of which were well-received – though it must be said that none has really stood the test of time.
Here’s my American edition of Greene's first play, The Living Room, from 1953. It has an interesting notice inside:
Caution: Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that this play, being fully protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America, the British Empire, including the Dominion of Canada, and all other countries of the Copyright Union, is subject to a royalty. This play may be presented by amateurs upon payment of a royalty of Fifty Dollars for each performance one week before the date when the play is given.
The Living Room was described by Tatler as “a terrific sermon on sin”, while Kenneth Tynan (the foremost theatre critic of his time) declared it “the best play of its generation”. In London, the 1953 West End theatre production starred a 23-year-old Dorothy Tutin.
There's more Graham Greenery here.
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M100
Canon New FD Macro 50mm F3.5
ハナニラ 品種 アルブム ‘アルベルト・キャスティロ’
Ipheion uniflorum (Graham) Rafin. forma album (Weathers) Stearn, 1943 ‘Alberto Castillo’
This name is synonym. 06/12, 2022.
------------------------------------------
Family: Amaryllidaceae (APG IV)
------------------------------------------
Authors:
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840)
John Weathers (1867-1928)
William Thomas Stearn (1911-2001)
------------------------------------------
Published In:
The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette III, 114: 61. 1943. (Gard. Chron.)
------------------------------------------
ハナニラ ‘アルベルト・キャスティロ’
Ipheion uniflorum (Graham) Raf., 1837 ‘Alberto Castillo’
This name is accepted. 06/12, 2022.
------------------------------------------
Family: Amaryllidaceae (APG IV)
------------------------------------------
Authors:
Robert Graham (1786-1845)
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840)
------------------------------------------
Published In:
Flora Telluriana 2: 12. 1836[1837]. (Jan-Mar 1837) (Fl. Tellur.)
------------------------------------------
Distribution:NC. Argentina to Uruguay
(10) grb (11) ger (12) fra (13) bul (50) nsw soa vic wau (51) nzs (73) ore (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala vrg 85 AGE URU
Lifeform:Bulb geophyte
Original Compiler:R.Govaerts
--------------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Milla uniflora Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 14: 174 (1833).
--------------------------------------------
Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Milla uniflora Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 14: 174 (1833).
--------------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Triteleia uniflora Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1293 (1830).
Triteleia conspicua Baker, Refug. Bot. 1: t. 43 (1868).
Milla bonariensis Gilg ex Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 382 (1870).
Milla uniflora var. conspicua (Baker) Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 382 (1870).
Milla conspicua (Baker) N.E.Br., Suppl. Johnson's Gard. Dict.: 963 (1882).
Brodiaea uniflora (Lindl.) Engl. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(5): 57 (1887).
Leucocoryne uniflora (Lindl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 57 (1890).
Hookera uniflora (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711 (1891).
Hookera uniflora f. violacea Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 116 (1895).
Brodiaea uniflora var. conspicua (Baker) Baker, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 20: 459 (1896).
Brodiaea uniflora var. alba Weathers, Bulb Book: 117 (1911).
Brodiaea uniflora var. violacea (Voss) Weathers, Bulb Book: 117 (1911).
Beauverdia uniflora (Lindl.) Herter, Boissiera 7: 512 (1943).
Beauverdia uniflora f. alba Herter, Boissiera 7: 512 (1943).
Beauverdia uniflora f. roseoplena Herter, Boissiera 7: 512 (1943).
Beauverdia uniflora f. tenuitepala Herter, Boissiera 7: 512 (1943).
Ipheion uniflorum f. album (Weathers) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943).
Ipheion uniflorum f. conspicuum (Baker) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943).
Ipheion uniflorum f. roseoplenum (Herter) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943).
Ipheion uniflorum f. tenuitepalum (Herter) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943).
Ipheion uniflorum f. violaceum (Voss) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 114: 61 (1943).
Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub, Pl. Life 19: 61 (1963).
Tristagma uniflorum f. album (Herter) Traub, Pl. Life 23: 65 (1967).
Tristagma uniflorum f. conspicuum (Baker) Traub, Pl. Life 23: 65 (1967).
Tristagma uniflorum f. pauciflorum Traub, Pl. Life 23: 67 (1967).
Tristagma uniflorum f. roseoplenum (Herter) Traub, Pl. Life 23: 65 (1967).
Tristagma uniflorum f. tenuitepalum (Herter) Traub, Pl. Life 23: 65 (1967).
Tristagma uniflorum f. violaceum (Voss) Traub, Pl. Life 23: 65 (1967).
Tristagma peregrinans Ravenna, Pl. Life 34: 131 (1978).
--------------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by:
Healey, A.J. & Edgar, E. (1980). Flora of New Zealand 3: 1-220. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
George, A.S. (ed.) (1987). Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Morrone, O. (eds.) (1996). Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina 1: 1-323. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Souza, G., Crosa, O., Speranza, P. & Guerra, M. (2016). Phylogenetic relations in tribe Leucocoryneae (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) and the validation of Zoellnerallium based on DNA sequences and cytomolecular data. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 182: 811-824.
Adolphy, K. & al. (2021). Beiträge zur Flora Nordhein-Westfalens aus dem Jahr 2020. Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins 12: 199-278.
Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
--------------------------------------------
SONY α7 (ILCE-7)
Minolta AF Macro 100mm F2.8
Maison William Dow / Strathern House
Villa monumentale
Construction: 1860 / William Tutin Thomas (1829-1892).
Style: Second-Empire, néo-Renaissance.
William Dow (1800-1868), maître brasseur d'origine écossaise et fondateur d'une importante brasserie montréalaise.
Parmi les bâtiments néo-Renaissance, il faut faire une distinction entre ceux qui évoquent les villas et ceux qui s'inspirent des palazzi florentins, romains ou vénitiens. La maison Dow appartient à cette seconde catégorie. On y reconnaît la forme cubique des palais urbains, la symétrie des façades et les frontons qui couronnent certaines des fenêtres.
Voir aussi www.flickr.com/photos/urbexplo/5538883692
Voyez une gravure d'époque www.flickr.com/photos/urbexplo/6384450647
Source: L'architecture de Montréal, guide des styles et des bâtiments / François Rémillard & Brian Merrett.
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M100
Canon New FD Macro 50mm F3.5
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M100
Canon New FD Macro 50mm F3.5
Anne Boleyn as portrayed by:
Dorothy Tutin in 'The Six Wives of Henry VIII'
Natalie Dormer in 'The Tudors'
Charlotte Rampling in 'Henry VIII and his Six Wives'
metto tutto nelle note
c'è anche un vestito di barbie superstar in ottime condizioni; della hollywood hair dovrei avere anche la tutina bianca.
maglioncino rosa barbie jeans e vestito barbie partytime disponibili: chi me li aveva chiesti? quando mi arrivano le altre cose metto la foto pure di quelli.
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M
Schneider-Kreuznach Componon-S 80mm f/4
New Type Enlarging Lens M39 Screw Mount
Schneider-Kreuznach UNIFOC 58 Helical Focus Mount
M42 to Canon EOS M Helical Focus Mount
ビロードクサフジ ‘しげまるくん’
(シラゲクサフジ,ヘアリーベッチ)
台灣名稱: 長柔毛野豌豆 ‘茂丸君’
Vicia villosa Roth, 1793 ‘Shigemaru-Kun’
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 04/28, 2023.
---------------------------------------
Family: Fabaceae (APG IV)
---------------------------------------
Authors:
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
---------------------------------------
Publication:
Tentamen Florae Germanicae
-------------------
Collation:
2(2): 182 (1793).
---------------------------------------
Type-Protolog:
Locality:In locis limosis prope Vegesack ante aliquot annos inveni plantam, quae quotannis in horto steriliori culta non mutavit habitum
Distribution:cult.
---------------------------------------
The native range of this species is Canary Islands, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan. It is a scrambling annual or perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and for food.
---------------------------------------
Distribution Native to:
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, North Caucasus, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
---------------------------------------
Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Belgium, Bolivia, California, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Denmark, East Himalaya, Finland, Florida, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Lesotho, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Netherlands, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Norway, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Sweden, Taiwan, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang
---------------------------------------
Homotypic Synonyms:
Cracca villosa (Roth) Gren. et Godr. in Fl. France Corse 1: 470 (1848), nom. illeg.
Ervum villosum (Roth) Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 47 (1874), nom. illeg.
Vicia godronii Rouy in G.Rouy et J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 237 (1899), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata Clavaud ex Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. superfl.
Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa (Roth) Bonnier et Layens in Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 86 (1894), nom. illeg.
Vicia varia Roth subsp. villosa (Roth) H.J.Coste in Fl. Descr. France 3: 720 (1906), nom. illeg.
---------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonym:
Vicia villosa Roth forma hamata Holmb. in Bot. Not. 1919: 2061 (1919)
---------------------------------------
Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Bailey, C. & al. (2015). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee: 1-813. University of Tennessee press.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hedberg, I. & Edwards, S. (eds.) (1989 publ. 1990). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 3: 1-659. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Hong, D.Y. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 19(6): 1-130. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jalilian, N., Rahiminejad, .R., Maassoumi, A.A. & Maroofi, H. (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 20: 155-164.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Nikitin, V.V. (ed.) (1949). Flora Turkmenii 4: 1-364. Turkmenskoe gosudarstvennoe izd., Ashkhabad.
Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Townsend, C.C. (1974). Flora of Iraq 3: 1-662. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove, F. & Heyneman, G. (2012). Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3 3: 1-513. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co
-------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Authier, P. & Covillot, J. (2011). Catalogue actualisé des plantes de l'île de Rhodes (Grèce). Saussurea; Travaux de la Société Botanique de Genève 41: 131-170.
Boulos, L. (1999). Flora of Egypt 1: 1-419. Al Hadara Publishing, Cairo.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Chrtková-Zertová, A., van der Maesen, L.J.G. & Rechinger, K.H. (1979). Papilionaceae I - Vicieae. Flora Iranica 140: 1-89. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) (1989). Med-checklist 4: 1-458. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2011). Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. Norrlinia 24: 1-166.
Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.
Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1968). Flora Europaea 2: 1-469. Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. Botany division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yakovlev, G.P., Sytin, A.K. & Roskov, Y.R. (1996). Legumes of Northern Eurasia. A checklist: 1-724. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
-------------------
Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia:
Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
FPI (2021). Food Plants International. fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://...
GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ars-grin.gov
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); mpns.kew.org
PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. prota4u.org/database
Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
-------------------
International Legume Database and Information Service:
Ali, S. I. (1977). Papilion. In: Flora of West Pakistan, No 100.
Balashev, L. L., Ed. (1970). Dictionary of useful plants in twenty european languages.
Fedtschenko, B. A. (1948). Flora URSS, Vol 13. Moscow & Leningrad (Rus)
Gillett, J. B. et al. (1971). Papilionoideae. In: Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Milne-Redhead & Polhill
Kiselevski A. I. (1967). Latino-russko-belorusski botanicheski slovar. Minsk. 160 p.
Kolakovsky, A. A. (1985). Flora Abkhazii [Flora of Abkhazia], 2nd ed., Vol. 3. Tbilisi.
Paris F. & al. (1976). Guide des fleurs sauvages. Neuchatel, Paris. (Fr)
Parker, C. (1992). Weeds of Bhutan. Thimphu.
Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie et des regions desertiq. merid. 1
Rothmaler W. & al. (1988). Exkursionsflora fur die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Bd. 2.
Sanjappa, M. (1992). Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...
Sokolov, P. D. (1987). Rastitelnye resursy SSR. (Vol 4). Leningrad(Rus.)
Stace, C. (1991). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Univ. Press
Terrell, E. E. (1977). Checklist of Names for 3, 000 Vas. Pl... Agric. Handbook No. 505
Tzvelev, N. N. (1987). In: Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol. 6. Leningrad. (Rus)
---------------------------------------
General Information:
Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu-berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu-minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
---------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Abrams, L.R. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 1–635. In L.R. Abrams (ed.) Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Fl. Yukon Terr. i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
Cronquist, A. J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., FABALES. 3B: 1–279. In A. J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N.E. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hitchcock, C. L., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1961. Saxifragaceae to Ericaceae. Part III: 614pp. In C. L. Hitchcock Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hultén, O. E. G. 1968. Flora of Alaksa and neighboring territories. i–1008. In Fl. Alaska. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Listado de las plantas vasculares del departamento de Antioquia. 2: 9–939. In A. Idárraga-Piedrahita, R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello Fl. Antioquia: Cat.. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). 3(2): xix, 1–258. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. In P. M. Jørgensen, M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck (eds.) Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Marticorena, C. F. S. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
Munz, P. A. 1974. Fl. S. Calif. 1–1086. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. Cal. Fl. 1–1681. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946. Leguminosae. In: Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part V. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5): 1–368. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Zamora Villalobos, N. 2010. Fabaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 395–775.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of China (Fabaceae). 10: 1–642. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
---------------------------------------
Canon EOS M
Schneider-Kreuznach Componon-S 80mm f/4
New Type Enlarging Lens M39 Screw Mount
Schneider-Kreuznach UNIFOC 58 Helical Focus Mount
M42 to Canon EOS M Helical Focus Mount
Anne Boleyn as portrayed by:
Dorothy Tutin in 'The Six Wives of Henry VIII'
Natalie Dormer in 'The Tudors'
Charlotte Rampling in 'Henry VIII and his Six Wives'
Maison William Dow
Villa monumentale
Construction: 1860 / William Tutin Thomas (1829-1892).
Style: Second Empire, néo-Renaissance.
Vue arrière (détail), structures et ornementation.
Passage aérien semi-circulaire ajouté en 1912.
Un film di Renzo Arbore.
Con Renzo Arbore, Pietra Montecorvino, Roberto Benigni, Andy Luotto, Luciano De Crescenzo Luigi Proietti, Stella Pende, Giampiero Gepiscalamogna, Teodoro Ricci, Franco Bracardi, Massimo Troisi, Mario Marenco, Paola Jovinella, Isabel Russinova, Isaac George, Vasco Rossi, Luciano Bonanni, Cesare Gigli, Dino Cassio, Luciana Tutina, Fatebenefratelli, Gerardo Gargiulo, Claudio Villa, Riccardo Pazzaglia, Domenico Modugno, Isabella Biagini, Lino Banfi, Gianni Morandi, Pippo Franco, Don Lurio, Raffaella Carrà, Bobby Solo, Pippo Baudo, Luciana Turina, Sandra Milo, Ferdinando Murolo, Kathleen Kramer, Alfredo Cerruti Commedia, durata 98 min. - Italia 1983.
Résidence William Dow
Strathern House
Villa monumentale
Construction: 1860 / William Tutin Thomas (1829-1892).
Style: Victorien, Second Empire.
Nota: un certain temps, la maison William Dow affichait l'enseigne d'un restaurant de la chaîne "Chez mère Tucker" autrement dit "Mother Tucker".
Source: l'architecture de Montréal, guide des styles et des bâtiments / François Rémillard & Brian Merrett, 2007.
Very near the Mailbox is Athol Masonic Hall on Severn Street in Birmingham.
It is a Grade II listed building.
It is at 60 Severn Street.
Masonic Hall, formerly synagogue. 1827, Richard Tutin; 1871-4, Henry Naden; 1891, Essex and Nicol. Red brick with stuccoed dressings.
FACADE: Three-storeyed to the street front, single-storeyed behind. Street front is of 1891 by Essex and Nicols of red brick with stuccoed dressings. It has 4 bays divided by banded pilasters. At left is a doorway and to right are 3 small, square windows of 3X3 panes, each set in a recessed panel with a plain apron. Above is an entablature. The first floor bays are divided by small paired pilasters and the 2 central windows have splayed heads. The flat-roofed attic dormer has been extended to accommodate 8 windows.
INTERIOR: The front rooms, added in 1891, house a staircase, meeting and robing rooms and the present bar. Beyond these lies the synagogue of Richard Tutin built in 1827 and now used as the lodge room. This has plain pilasters dividing the walls and a deeply coved ceiling. To the centre of the far, south-east, end is the recess for the ark, which now has a flat wall to the rear, but which Pigett-Smith's Board of Health plan of 1859-60 showed as having an apsidal rear wall, before the dining rooms were added to the Masonic Lodge. At either side are fluted, baseless, Greek Doric columns, with pilaster responds to the sides [distyle in antis. Above is a Doric entablature and above the cornice are antifixae. Beyond this room is the dining room added by Henry Nadan in 1871-4 which has ceiling brackets, fire surrounds and overmantel mirror surrounds all decorated with 5 and 6-sided stars and other Masonic and Hebrew insignia.
HISTORY: The oldest part of the present building is the lodge room, built as a synagogue in 1827 by Richard Tutin. Following the building of the Singer street Synagogue the building was sold to the Freemasons and, as Athol Lodge, became the second lodge in the city. The dining room and ante rooms were added by Henry Nadan in 1871-74 and built by Moffat. After the founding of the Jewish 'Lodge of Israel' in 1874 the two lodges shared the building. The front of the building facing Severn Street was remodelled by Essex and Nicol in 1891.
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: The Athol Masonic Building is an early example of a synagogue in Birmingham, a city which became a stronghold for Judaism in England. The function of the synagogue chamber has changed but the architectural form of the room has remained little altered, including the surround to the Ark. The architecture is an elegant essay in the Greek Revival style and every part of the room shows a clear and precise use of proportions. The accompanying dining room, added in the later C19, is a good and complete survival of a club-style interior of the date, and the fact that one of the lodges using the building was almost exclusively Jewish, means that the two interiors are resonant.
SOURCES: Foster, A. "The Buildings of England. Birmingham" (Pevsner Architectural Guides, London) p.208.
Bupleurum veronense Turra, syn.: Bupleurum baldense ssp. gussonei (Arcang.) Tutin, Bupleurum aristatum Bartl. ex Rchb., Bupleurum humile Vest ex Rchb., Odontea aristata Fourr., Odontites luteolus Spreng.
EN: Small Hare's Ear, DE: Grannen Hasenohr, Verona-Hasenohr
Slo.: veronska prerast
Dat.: June 23. 2010
Lat.: 44.38232 Long.: 14.78891
Code: Bot_431/2010_DSC3064
Habitat: next to a dirt path, sparsely grassy, almost flat, calcareous, skeletal ground; open, sunny, dry place; elevation 11 m (35 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature about 16 deg C, Mediterranean phytogeographical region.
Substratum: stony soil.
Place: Adriatic Sea; Island Olib, half way from village Olib to 'Slatinica' beach, Kvarner bay, Rijeka region, Croatia EC.
Comment: Bupleurum veronense is an Illyric – East-Alpine species in spite of the fact that it touches the Alps only in Italy in Verona and Brescia provinces (Ref.:2). It is native only to countries around Adriatic Sea growing mostly in Mediterranean regions. One can find it in Albania (there are some doubts about this), Greece (Peloponnese and North and East Central Greece only), Italy (northeast part only), Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and in a single disjunct place far east on peninsula Crimea (Ref.:4).
At the beginning of Mediterranean summers, when it becomes hot and most plants retract and dry up the time of the Bupleurum veronense is coming. Its small yellow stars with the little umbels of individual tiny flowers shine between the dried up grasses and herbs. The plant is not conspicuous since its few leaves are very thin and its flowers are really small. But when looked at from close they are amazing natural jewelry. Almost all species of the genus Bupleurum growing in Slovenia (ten taxa) have very unusually and interestingly shaped inflorescence. They are graphically very attractive and have somehow 'archaic' appearance.
Ref.:
(1) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 401xx.
(2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 1112.
(3) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora für Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Kärten (2014), p 172.
(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:839450-1 (accessed March 25. 2019)
(5) luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-na... (accessed March 25. 2019)