View allAll Photos Tagged pigmentation
Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr (order)
EN: ? DE: ?
Slo.: ?
Dat.: April 5. 2017
Lat.: 46.35942 Long.: 13.69699
Code: Bot_1046/2017_DSC7333
Habitat: : mountain scree slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, dry place; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 680 m; average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year; alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: dead, rotten trunk of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground.
Place: Lower Trenta valley; between villages Soča and Trenta, right bank of river Soča near lower hunter's trail from Na Melu place to Lemovlje, below Na skalah settlement, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comments: This ascomycete remains a secret for me. It appears to have perithecioid ascomata with occasionally papillate apex, cellular pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate (hope so) and clavate/cylindrical 8-spore asci, ascospores with pigmentation and several septa and peridium composed of a few layers of cells. Thus it possibly belongs to fungi order Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr. This order comprises tens of families and thousands of species. I searched for species, which stain decaying wood reddish/purplish. I browsed through short descriptions of about 160 species studied in the paper of Zhang et al. (2009) (Table:1). Several species, which stain substratum reddish, are cited, but none fits to this observation. It is also possible that my assumption about Pleosporales is completely wrong and this find is something totally different. Hard to manage is also the fact that the traditional taxonomy based exclusively on morphology has been overturned drastically by recent molecular studies. Hense proper naming of species (even genera and families) is confusing for an amateur. Unfortunately, there was no response from AscoFrance forum either. Any help would be much appreciated.
Spores smooth, septated; from 3 to 7 septa, AVG = 4.5, SD = 0.9, N = 80. Dimensions: 19,4 [24,5 ; 26,5] 31,6 x 5,2 [6 ; 6,3] 7,1 microns; Q = 3,1 [4 ; 4,4] 5,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 25,5 x 6,1 microns; Qe = 4,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tip, perithecia wall); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water; fresh material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (perithecia). AmScope MA500 digital camera.
Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF
Ref.:
(1) Zhang, Y. et al. “Multi-Locus Phylogeny of Pleosporales: A Taxonomic, Ecological and Evolutionary Re-Evaluation.” Studies in Mycology 64 (2009): 85–102–S5. PMC. Web. (accessed: Dec. 30. 2017).
(2) fungi.myspecies.info/all-fungi/massariosphaeria (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(3) www.asturnatura.com/especie/massariosphaeria-typhicola.html (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(4) www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(5) MO Observation 84963
I've been noticing more and more Eastern gray squirrels in my area that have melanism (ultra dark pigmentation). This one has partial melanism where it is not a dark as many I've seen, it is much darker than the baseline Eastern gray squirrels.
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al·bi·no [al-bahy-noh]
–noun, plural -nos.
1. somethingan with a marked deficiency in pigmentation.
Reasons to not disturb an albino roller droid: 1) less carotene, hemoglobin and melanin, 2) There is a pretty good chance some rogue maraudering mercenary clones have up-armored him to to really annihilate you!
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This little guy came to help as I was taking down the gazebo. It was raining and he had rain drops on his body. His body was about 5" long and antenna 3", he seemed so fragile. I see many stick insects around the lake.
The stick insect - Phasmatodea (sometimes called Phasmida)
Their natural camouflage can make them extremely difficult to spot.
Phasmids can be relatively large, elongated insects. Some have cylindrical stick-like bodies, while others have a flattened, leaflike, shape. The body is often further modified to resemble vegetation, with ridges resembling leaf veins, bark-like tubercles, and other forms of camouflage. A few species, such as Carausius morosus, are even able to change their pigmentation to match their surroundings. Many species are wingless, or have reduced wings.
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Microscopic photo nodular tumor proliferation with patchy pigmentation. The tumor is located between retina choroid and sclera. H & E Stain. 2X. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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White lions are a rare color mutation of the African lion. They are not albino; they are leucistic, which is lack of dark pigmentation. They get their coloring from a recessive gene known as a color inhibitor. To produce a white lion, both parents must possess the recessive gene.
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information credit to: www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/white-squirrel/
What is a White Squirrel?
White squirrels are almost always a white version of the eastern grey squirrel. There are a few types of genetic aberrations that cause the white coats. The first is albinism, caused by a mutation on a gene that codes for pigmentation. Albinos have red eyes. The other is a white morph, caused by a different gene. It is a naturally occurring trait of eastern grey squirrels that is very, very rare. In our study, we’re trying to figure out just how rare.
Why are there white squirrels?
For some odd reason, eastern grey squirrels in the US do have a gene that will make their coats white. It’s somewhat rare to see a white squirrel, though, because white squirrels are likely highly selected against. In other words, predators to squirrels such as hawks really like it when their prey is highlighted white!
There are a few towns in the US, though, that have very high numbers of white squirrels. This could be for a few reasons. First, predators in towns tend to be low. This cancels out the negative selection against the white morph. Sometimes in towns, a few neighbors will also select against the normal coloration of eastern grey squirrel. Yes, that happens. After a few generations, all you get are whites, and they can spread to the rest of the town! Fascinating!
A Blackbird, Turdus Merula, with white markings on it's face. This is known as Leucism, or some would say the bird is a partial albino.
(c) All Rights Reserved. Please do not use this image without my permission.
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Differential diffusion of pigmentation and concentration factors paints a self-similar pattern on a young pig's belly. Nature never runs short of beautiful patterns.
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Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman†with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour.
Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, usually towards pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements.
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Leucistic American Robin at Eagle Creek 1-28-10. Leucism is a condition characterized by reduced pigmentation in animals and humans.
In the wild, foxes can live for up to 10 years, but most foxes only live for 2 to 3 years due to hunting, road accidents and diseases. Foxes are generally smaller than other members of the family Canidae such as wolves, jackals, and domestic dogs. Reynards (male foxes) weigh on average, 5.9 kilograms (13 lb) and vixens (female foxes) weigh less, at around 5.2 kilograms (11.5 lb). Fox-like features typically include a distinctive muzzle (a "fox face") and bushy tail. Other physical characteristics vary according to habitat. For example, the fennec fox (and other species of fox adapted to life in the desert, such as the kit fox) has large ears and short fur, whereas the Arctic fox has tiny ears and thick, insulating fur. Another example is the red fox which has a typical auburn pelt, the tail normally ending with white marking. Litter sizes can vary greatly according to species and environment - the Arctic Fox for example, has an average litter of four to five, with eleven as maximum.[5]
Unlike many canids, foxes are not usually pack animals. Typically, they live in small family groups, and are opportunistic feeders that hunt live prey (especially rodents). Using a pouncing technique practised from an early age, they are usually able to kill their prey quickly. Foxes also gather a wide variety of other foods ranging from grasshoppers to fruit and berries.
Foxes are normally extremely wary of humans and are not usually kept as indoor pets; however, the silver fox was successfully domesticated in Russia after a 45 year selective breeding program. This selective breeding also resulted in physical and behavioral traits appearing that are frequently seen in domestic cats, dogs, and other animals, such as pigmentation changes, floppy ears, and curly tails.[6]
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Mid-sized lesion with pigmentation.
© Stephen Gichuhi
Published in: Revue de Santé Oculaire Communataire Vol. 15 No. 20 2018 www.revuesoc.com
Notice the unusual pigmentation of the eye. You would spot this one again if you ever came across him!
Microscopic photo nodular tumor proliferation with patchy pigmentation. The tumor is located between retina choroid and sclera. H & E Stain. 4X. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Globular springtail, bolvormige springstaart (Sminthurinus niger forma ...)
Sminthurinus niger is a rare species (in the Netherlands).
Thanks to Roel van Bezouw we finally have an identification: Sminthurinus niger 'summer edition'.
Not all parts of the 'eyebrow' of the dark specimen are bright white. However, it's clear that the eyebrow encloses the ocular field at the top and tapers downwards. Furthermore, in the top row pictures, the two setae in the ocular field are clearly visible.
Still unclear (to me at least) whether this yellow/orange color of the juveniles is just a characteristic of the summer generations, like with the map butterfly (landkaartje, Araschnia levana): spring form (forma levana) and summer form (forma prorsa), or a variety or a subspecies, or the result of inbreeding. Yet another option is that the food does not contain enough ingredients for the production of the black pigmentation.
Roel thinks it's (indeed) a form of S. niger, but he doesn't exclude inbreeding. Frans Janssens thinks it's not a S. niger altogether. See comments.
Overview of rooms in the museum:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum
~
This serial of photos offers an impression of details of the collection with Minoan Art, belonging to the Palace of Knossos. the Archaeological Museum in Heraklion has been completely renewed. Lots of amazing information can be read next to art objects.
It is not allowed to use flash when making photos. This, and the many visitors made it hardly possible to make really sharp photos in some seconds.
My camera is a rather cheap one and creates curved lines.
Some photos are not sharp, but I kept them anyway.
Altogether it has been a deeply impressing visit, moving, deeply moving because of the mystical, spiritual, mental and emotional depth of the Art.
The Minoans were utterly creative.
Their art is comparable with our modern art. Their use of colors makes the art characteristic: pastel colors (modest in pigmentation), terra colors, with blue, green and ochre.
Often I edited the photos in several ways. Or cropped them, to attract the attention for details.
Enjoy the collection of photos. If you want to read more about the Minoans:
Did You Know?
Males sing complex songs on wintering grounds in Hawaii, that can last up to 20 minutes and be heard 20 miles (30 km) away!
In the Pacific, humpbacks migrate seasonally from Alaska to Hawaii--they can complete the 3,000-mile (4,830 km) trip in as few as 36 days!
Species Description:
Weight:25-40 tons (50,000-80,000 pounds; 22,000-36,000 kg);
newborns weigh about 1 ton (2,000 pounds; 900 kg)
Length:Up to 60 feet (18 m), with females larger than males;
newborns are about 15 feet (4.5 m) long
Appearance: Primarily dark grey, with some areas of white
Lifespan:About 50 years
Diet:Tiny crustaceans (mostly krill), plankton, and small fish; they can consume up to 3,000 pounds (1360 kg) of food per day
Behavior:Breaching (jumping out of the water), or slapping the surface
Humpback whales are well known for their long pectoral fins, which can be up to 15 feet (4.6 m) in length. Their scientific name, Megaptera novaeangliae, means "big-winged New Englander" as the New England population was the one best known to Europeans. These long fins give them increased maneuverability; they can be used to slow down or even go backwards.
Similar to all baleen whales, adult females are larger than adult males, reaching lengths of up to 60 feet (18 m). Their body coloration is primarily dark grey, but individuals have a variable amount of white on their pectoral fins and belly. This variation is so distinctive that the pigmentation pattern on the undersides of their "flukes" is used to identify individual whales, similar to a human fingerprint.
Humpback whales are the favorite of whale watchers, as they frequently perform aerial displays, such as breaching (jumping out of the water), or slapping the surface with their pectoral fins, tails, or heads.
In the summer, humpbacks are found in high latitude feeding grounds, such as the Gulf of Maine in the Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska in the Pacific. In the winter, they migrate to calving grounds in subtropical or tropical waters, such as the Dominican Republic in the Atlantic and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific. The Arabian Sea humpback does not migrate, remaining in tropical waters all year.
Humpback whales travel great distances during their seasonal migration, the farthest migration of any mammal. The longest recorded migration was 5,160 miles (8,300 km); seven animals, including a calf, completed this trek from Costa Rica to Antarctica. One of the more closely studied routes is between Alaska and Hawaii, where humpbacks have been observed making the 3,000-mile (4,830 km) trip in as few as 36 days.
During the summer months, humpbacks spend the majority of their time feeding and building up fat stores (blubber) that they will live off of during the winter. Humpbacks filter feed on tiny crustaceans (mostly krill), plankton, and small fish and can consume up to 3,000 pounds (1,360 kg) of food per day. Several hunting methods involve using air bubbles to herd, corral, or disorient fish. One highly complex variant, called "bubble netting" is unique to humpbacks. This technique is often performed in groups with defined roles for distracting, scaring, and herding before whales lunge at prey corralled near the surface.
In their wintering grounds, humpback whales congregate and engage in mating activities. Humpbacks are generally polygynous "having multiple female mates" with males exhibiting competitive behavior on wintering grounds. Aggressive and antagonistic behaviors include chasing, vocal and bubble displays, horizontal tail thrashing, and rear body thrashing. Males within these groups also make physical contact, striking or surfacing on top of one another. These bouts can cause injuries ranging from bloody scrapes to, in one recorded instance, death. Also on wintering grounds, males sing complex songs that can last up to 20 minutes and be heard 20 miles (30 km) away. A male may sing for hours, repeating the song several times. All males in a population sing the same song, but that song continually evolves over time. Humpback whale singing has been studied for decades, but scientists still understand very little about its function.
Gestation lasts for about 11 months. Newborns are 13-16 feet (4-5 m) long and grow quickly from the highly nutritious milk of their mothers. Weaning occurs between 6-10 months after birth. Mothers are protective and affectionate towards their calves, swimming close and frequently touching them with their flippers. Males do not provide parental support for calves. Breeding usually occurs once every two years, but sometimes occurs twice in a three-year span.
Habitat
During migration, humpbacks stay near the surface of the ocean.
While feeding and calving, humpbacks prefer shallow waters. During calving, humpbacks are usually found in the warmest waters available at that latitude. Calving grounds are commonly near offshore reef systems, islands, or continental shores.
Humpback feeding grounds are in cold, productive coastal waters.
Distribution
Humpback whales live in all major oceans from the equator to sub-polar latitudes.
In the North Pacific, there are at least three separate populations:
California/Oregon/Washington stock that winters in coastal Central America and Mexico and migrates to areas ranging from the coast of California to southern British Columbia in summer/fall;
Central North Pacific stock that winters in the Hawaiian Islands and migrates to northern British Columbia/ Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound west to Kodiak; and Western North Pacific stock that winters near Japan and probably migrates to waters west of the Kodiak Archipelago (the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands) in summer/fall. There is some mixing between these populations, though they are still considered distinct stocks.
Threats
Humpback whales face a series of threats including:
entanglement in fishing gear
Whale watch harassment
Habitat impacts
Harvest
Humpbacks can become entangled in fishing gear, either swimming off with the gear or becoming anchored. We have observed incidental "take" of humpback whales in the California/ Oregon swordfish and thresher shark drift gillnet fishery. Potential entanglement from gear from several fisheries can occur on their long migration from Hawaii to Alaska. Humpbacks in Hawaii have been observed entangled in long line gear, crab pots, and other non-fishery-related lines.
Inadvertent ship strikes can injure or kill humpbacks. Whale watching vessels may stress or even strike whales. The central North Pacific stock is the focus of a whale-watching industry on their wintering grounds in the Hawaiian Islands. The feeding aggregation in southeast Alaska is also the focus of a developing whale-watching industry that may impact whales in localized areas.
Shipping channels, fisheries, and aquaculture may occupy or destroy humpback whale aggregation areas. Recreational use of marine areas, including resort development and increased boat traffic, may displace whales that would normally use that area. In Hawaii, acoustic impacts from vessel operation, oceanographic research using active sonar, and military operations are also of increasing concern.
Source: www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/humpback-whal...
There were lots of small V. gouldii on the highways, some still kicking like this fella, and quite a few flattened. They are such a beautiful orange in the centre, although this is more to do with the soil than their pigmentation judging from the colour of moulting individuals we saw.
TWO WEEKS ON AND THE NEW LOOK WITH THE SIDES GROWING LOOKING LIKE THE PLAN WE HAD AT HQ FOR THE SHAVED HEAD SITUATION WE WERE IN...
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Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr (order)
EN: ? DE: ?
Slo.: ?
Dat.: April 5. 2017
Lat.: 46.35942 Long.: 13.69699
Code: Bot_1046/2017_DSC7333
Habitat: : mountain scree slope, southeast aspect; open, sunny, dry place; calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 680 m; average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year; alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: dead, rotten trunk of Fagus sylvatica lying on ground.
Place: Lower Trenta valley; between villages Soča and Trenta, right bank of river Soča near lower hunter's trail from Na Melu place to Lemovlje, below Na skalah settlement, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comments: This ascomycete remains a secret for me. It appears to have perithecioid ascomata with occasionally papillate apex, cellular pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate (hope so) and clavate/cylindrical 8-spore asci, ascospores with pigmentation and several septa and peridium composed of a few layers of cells. Thus it possibly belongs to fungi order Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr. This order comprises tens of families and thousands of species. I searched for species, which stain decaying wood reddish/purplish. I browsed through short descriptions of about 160 species studied in the paper of Zhang et al. (2009) (Table:1). Several species, which stain substratum reddish, are cited, but none fits to this observation. It is also possible that my assumption about Pleosporales is completely wrong and this find is something totally different. Hard to manage is also the fact that the traditional taxonomy based exclusively on morphology has been overturned drastically by recent molecular studies. Hense proper naming of species (even genera and families) is confusing for an amateur. Unfortunately, there was no response from AscoFrance forum either. Any help would be much appreciated.
Spores smooth, septated; from 3 to 7 septa, AVG = 4.5, SD = 0.9, N = 80. Dimensions: 19,4 [24,5 ; 26,5] 31,6 x 5,2 [6 ; 6,3] 7,1 microns; Q = 3,1 [4 ; 4,4] 5,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 25,5 x 6,1 microns; Qe = 4,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tip, perithecia wall); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water; fresh material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (perithecia). AmScope MA500 digital camera.
Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF
Ref.:
(1) Zhang, Y. et al. “Multi-Locus Phylogeny of Pleosporales: A Taxonomic, Ecological and Evolutionary Re-Evaluation.” Studies in Mycology 64 (2009): 85–102–S5. PMC. Web. (accessed: Dec. 30. 2017).
(2) fungi.myspecies.info/all-fungi/massariosphaeria (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(3) www.asturnatura.com/especie/massariosphaeria-typhicola.html (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(4) www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home (accessed Dec. 24. 2017)
(5) MO Observation 84963
Macho adulto de mono aullador (Alouatta p. palliata) descansando en un árbol de un pequeño fragmento. Obsérvese que presenta parches de pigmetación amarillenta en la parte terminal de la cola, la pata derecha y parte de la pata izquierda
Código de individuo: San_Miguel-01
Lugar: parche boscoso en zona periurbana de San Miguel de Sarapiquí, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Coordenadas (aproximadas): 10°18'54.07"N, 84°10'58.85"W
Fecha: 8/01/2018
Créditos: Rodolfo Cubero García
Para consultas sobre el proyecto contactar al Dr. Óscar M. Chaves, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Email: ochaba@gmail.com
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The only change from yesterday is a very slight continuation of the pigmentation moving up through the flower. I might have to skip a couple days before we see a significant change.
A series of photos of a New South Wales waratah flower (Telopea speciosissima) unfolding in spring 2021 at Bunjaree Cottages near Wentworth Falls.
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