I heard on the radio a few months back, about places in Britain that sound like they should be elsewhere, I can't remember the examples given. But for me, Luddenham sounds as Norfolk as it is possible to get. And yet it is a parish and small village here in Kent.

Were it not for the sat nav, I don't think I would have found Luddenham, not without someone reading the map anyway. From Burham it was a half hour blast down the M2 to Faversham, then taking roads that got ever narrower, I left Faversham, drove though a wood, then out onto the Oare Marshes.

Out over the marshes down a narrow single-track lane, winding round the edge of fields to a large farm that was once a manor house, and beside it was St Mary.

What warmth there had been in the day was now long gone, and the wind had turned to the north east and increased. As I stood inside the half-empty church, I could hear the wind whistling round the tower outside.

Highlight for me here was a fine collection of Victorian tiles, including a design each for one of the gospel saints, and a wonderful stone coffin lid depicting a face with two hands holding it.

----------------------------------------------

The familiar country scene of Norman church, medieval Court and sprawling farmyard - but the history of Luddenham is far from standard. Here we have a promontory of land which formerly provided wharves off the River Swale some way to the north. Indeed, the place name gets it origin from the Saxon `Lud` meaning a river. The church is now in the care of The Churches Conservation Trust and consists of nave, chancel and south tower. The latter dates from the early nineteenth century and replaced a tower which originally stood to the north of the nave. The west door is a rather weather-beaten twelfth century example. Following redundancy, the church lost most of its furnishings, so its vast spacious interior is something of a surprise to the visitor. There are some medieval tiles in the sanctuary, where graffiti on the glass records those who were probably too poor to have permanent memorials outside. At the back of the church is a fragment of thirteenth century coffin lid brought here from the ruined church at Stone, about a mile to the south west. Rather touchingly it has a heart clasped by two hands in its crisp carving. The church is usually open.

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Luddenham

LIES the next parish north-westward from Ore, and was, in the reign of the Conqueror, called Cildresham, by which name it is described in the survey of Domesday.

IT is situated about a mile northward of the high London road from Judde-hill, the southern part of it reaching up to Bizing wood, part of which is within it. It lies very low and flat; the arable lands in it, which consist of about three hundred and ninety-six acres, and the upland, meadow, and pasture, of about two hundred acres, are very rich and fertile; near one half of it is marsh land, which reaches to the waters of the Swale, which are its northern boundary.

The church stands nearly in the middle of the upland part of it, and the parsonage-house, which has a mote round it, near half a mile southward of it, close to Bysing-wood. There is no village, and not more than ten houses in the parish, the unhealthiness of its situation occassions its being but very thinly inhabited, those who risk their lives in it seldom attaining any great age.

THERE ARE some parts of this parish which lie at some distance from the rest of it, several other parishes intervening: in Perry-field, almost opposite the 47th mile-stone on the high London road, but on the other or south side of it, there are twenty-two acres of land, and between Goodneston and Boughton under Blean, there are thirty-two acres of land belonging to this parish. There are many instances of the like in different parts of this county, and in this neighbourhood in particular there are several, for a part of the parish of Morton, near Sittingborne, lies within this parish of Luddenham, and entirely surrounded by it, several other parishes intervening between this part of Murston and the rest of it. Part of Preston parish lies near Davington-hill; Upleez farm, the property of lord Romney, which lies westward of Ore, is in Faversham parish; and part of Ospringe parish lies surrounded by the town of Faversham and its liberties.

MR. JACOB among his Plantæ a Favershamienses, has given a list of a number of scarce plants found by him in this parish, to which the reader is referred for an account of them.

THIS PLACE was part of the vast possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, under the general title of whose lands it is thus entered in the survey of Domesday:

Anssrid holds of the bishop of Baieux Cildresham. It was taxed at one suling. The arable land is three carucates. In demesne there is one carucate and an half. There are five servants, and two acres of meadow. There is wood, but it pays nothing.

Upon the bishop's disgrace, about four years afterwards, this estate came to the crown, among the rest of this possessions, whence it was granted by the king, among other lands, to Fulbert de Dover, for his assistance, in the defence of Dover castle. These lands were held of the king in capite by barony, the tenant being bound by his tenure to maintain a certain number of soldiers, from time to time, for the defence of the castle.

Of Fulbert de Dover and his heirs, this place was held, as one knight's fee, of the honour of Chilham, which they made the caput baroniæ, or chief seat of their barony.

THE MANOR OF LUDDENHAM came afterwards into the possession of a family who fixed their name on it. William de Luddenham, in the 13th year of king John's reign, held it as one knight's see, of the honor of Chilham, in manner as before mentioned. His heirs, in the next reign of Henry III. sold this manor to the Northwoods, one of whom, Sir Roger de Northwood, in the 41st year of that reign, procured licence to alter the tenure of his lands from gavelkind to that of knight's service, of which there is a recapitulation in the Book of Aid, and among them mention is made of ninety acres of marsh land, which lay partly in his manor of Luddenham, and partly in Iwase.

From the family of Northwood this manor passed into that of Frogenhall; John de Frogenhall, at the latter end of king Edward the IIId.'s reign, died possessed of it, with an appendage called Bishopsbush. After which it at length descended in the beginning of king Edward the IVth.'s reign to Thomas Frogenhall, who married Joane, daughter and heir of William de Apulderfield, and dying in 1576, being the 17th year of that reign, was buried with his wife in Faversham church; their daughter and sole heir Anne, carried this manor in marriage to Mr. Thomas Quadring, of London, and he in like manner leaving one sole daughter and heir Joane. she entitled her husband Richard Dryland, of Cooksditch, in Faversham, to the possession of it. He alenated the appendage of Bishopsbush above-mentioned, to Crispe, who passed it away to Mr. William Hayward, from which name it went in marriage to Mr. Thomas Southhouse, gent. who possessed it at the end of king Charles I.'s reign; but both the name and situation of the estate have been for some time so totally for gotten, that the most diligent enquiries cannot trace out either of them.

But the manor of Luddenham itself went with Katherine, the sole daughter and heir of Richard Dryland, in marriage to Reginald Norton, of Lees-court, in Sheldwich, from which name it passed by sale, in king James I.'s reign, to Francis Cripps, esq. who sold it to Kirton, from which name it passed, in king James II.'s reign, to John Briant, esq. whose heirs passed it away, in king George I.'s reign, to Mr. John Blaxland, and his heirs alienated it, about the year 1753, to Beversham Filmer, esq. of London, a younger son of Sir Robert Filmer, bart. of East Sutton, and of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law. He died ununmarried, and full of years, in 1763, (fn. 1) having by his will given this manor, among the rest of his lands in this county and elsewhere, to his eldest nephew, Sir John Filmer, bart. of East Sutton, who died s. p. in 1797, and by will devised this estate to his next brother, Sir Bevertham Filmer, bart. the present owner of it. A court baron is held for his manor.

At the court held for the manor of Chilham, the tenant of this manor is constantly presented by the jury for default of service, as being held of it under the notion of one knight's fee, and he is always amerced at two shillings, the payment of which is never with-held by him.

HAM is a principal estate, adjoining to the marshes, at the eastern boundary of this parish, and partly in that part of Preston which is separated from the rest of it by Davington and Ospringe intervening, being within that appendage to the manor of Copton, called from hence Hamme marsh. This estate, for several generations, belonged to the family of Roper, lords Teynham, and was sold in 1766 by Henry Roper, lord Teynham, to Mr. William Chamberlain, of London, who sold it to Benjamin Hatley Foote, Esq. and his son George Talbot Hatley Foote, Esq. now owns it.

NASHES is an estate in this parish, which formerly belonged to the Coppingers; Ambrose Coppinger possessed it in the reign of queen Elizabeth, whence it passed to the Brewsters, who were owners of much land at Linsted, Tenham, and other parts of this neighbourhood; from them it was sold to Mr. James Tassell, of Linsted; after which it became the property of Dr. Dravid Jones, and afterwards of Mr. Anthony Ingles, gent. of Ashford, who in 1776 conveyed it be sale to Mr. James Tappenden, gent. of Faversham, the present owner of it, who is descended from those of this name, who were for several generations resident at Sittingborne, where several of them lie buried, and are said to be extracted from the Denne of Tappenden, in Smarden, and bear for their arms, Or, two lions passant, in chief, and one in base, rampant, azure.

Charities.

Thomas Streynsham, gent. of Faversham, was possessed of a farm of 16l. per annum in this parish, Out of the profits of which, by his will in 1585, he devised 3l. per annum for ever, to the use of the poor of that parish.

The poor constantly relieved are about twenty; casually twelve.

Luddenham is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Ospringe.

The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a small building, consisting of one isle and one chancel, having a tower steeple on the north side of it, in which are three bells.

¶This church was formerly an appendage to the manor of Luddenham, and as such came into the possession of William de Luddenham before-men tioned, lord of it, who, as appears by the leiger-book of the abbey of Faversham, gave this church to the abbot and convent there, which he did by placing his knife on the altar in the church of their convent, and this with the consent of his daughter and heir Matilda, and of Gaysle his wife, in the presence of the convent, and many of the clergy and laity, which gift was confirmed afterwards by Sir William de Insula, who married his daughter; notwithstanding which, William de Insula their son, laid claim to it as part of his inheritance, and a suit was commenced in the beginning of king John's reign, by him, against the abbot and convent, to recover the possession of it, which seems to have been determined in his favor, and the religious were forced to be contented with the pension of 66s. 8d. to be paid to them yearly out of it. (fn. 2). This pension they continued to enjoy from it till the time of their dissolution, in the 30th year of Henry VIII. when it came, with the rest of their possessions, into the king's hands, who settled it, among other premises, in his 33d year, on his new-founded dean and chapter of Canterbury, who continue to receive it from the rector at this time.

The determination of the above-mentioned suit against the religious, did not put them out of hopes of, some time or other, recovering the possession of this church, the appropriation of which they got to be inserted in a confirmation of some of their possessions by pope Gregory X. in 1274; but this did not avail them any thing, for this church still continued unappropriated, as it does at this time, being esteemed a rectory, the patronage of which has been for a great length of time in the crown.

The church of Luddenham is valued in the king's books at 12l. 8s. 4d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 4s. 10d. In 1578, here were communicants fifty-four. The crown patron.

In 1640 there were communicants sixty-eight. The yearly value of it one hundred pounds. It is now esteemed of the same clear yearly value.

There is a modusclaimed for five hundred and thirtyone acres of the marsh lands in this parish, almost all of which are at two-pence, though there are some few at four-pence per acre.

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol6/pp386-393

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist in Lindogon, Sibonga in Cebu province is run by Marian monks. The place is where several instances of the phenomena ~ whereby the image of the Virgin Mary shed tears in several instances starting in 1998. It is now very popular for Marian pilgrims and devotees who flock to the palace-like monastery. This transformed the once sleepy barangay into a popular destination. Daily, the monastery is visited by thousands of devotees from all over the country and even from foreign tourists. This crown structure is memorial of the victorious and powerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mother thru the Penitential Rosary Walk in 1998, against the killer epidemic hat struck the place, where several lives of poor children and infants had died. Built to honour Mary on the 8th year anniversary of the Monks arrival in Lindogon. Blessed on the 27th day of February, 2004.”

There are available coloured candles near the monastery. Proceeds of the candles will give part to the monks for funds. The following are coloured candles with its own purpose.

Gold: Healing (Good health, Recovery, Spiritual, Family Tree)

Green: Prosperity/Success (Exams, Study, Financial, Business)

Blue: Perseverance (Employment, Career, Assignment, Promotions)

Violet: Achievement (Plans in life, Struggles, Endeavours, Journeys, Voyage)

Red: Love (Utility, Friendship, Engagement, Family)

Yellow: Peace (Courage, Strength, Hope)

White: Purity (Enlightenment, Guidance, Right Path)

Orange: Reconciliation (Sweetheart, Wife, Husband, Enemy, Family)

Pink: Thanksgiving/Happiness/Joy (Spiritual, Physical)

Black: Souls (Forgiveness, Pardon)

Brown: Vocation (Marriage Bond, God’s Servant, Single life)

Grey: Deliverance (Bad ways, Things, Spirits)

Cream: Conversion/Faith (Children, Household, Couples)

A gentle reminder from the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, the following guidelines must be strictly followed and not allowed to wear inside the Monastery: wearing of tube & short blouses/dresses, fitting & transparent pants, spaghetti straps/sleeveless dress, mini skirts, shorts. While taking you to the Monastery, it is required to remove footwear before entering the Mother Mary’s prayer room. Cameras flash should be turned off while taking pictures so as not to interrupt/destruct others when praying. All Catholic & Non-Catholic are advised to please respect and observe solemnity inside the Church. Smoking is prohibited inside the premises. Parking area is situated to the right side of the entrance.

If you are from Cebu City taking you through Sibonga town proper to estimate of 50 kilometres southeast or travel time for about 2-hours and can be reached via any of the buses (air con/non air-con) that leaves regularly for Sibonga from the South Bus Terminal along N. Bacalso Ave. in Cebu City. Bus fare is less than a hundred pesos. The place is famous among all passengers, just ask the conductor to drop you off to the crossing in going to Birhen sa Simala. Mary’s pilgrimage is few kilometres away from the drop off point and you can reach the destination by riding in a motorcycles for hire habal-habal or public tricycles. The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist opens daily from 8:00 am - 6:00 pm.

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist in Lindogon, Sibonga in Cebu province is run by Marian monks. The place is where several instances of the phenomena ~ whereby the image of the Virgin Mary shed tears in several instances starting in 1998. It is now very popular for Marian pilgrims and devotees who flock to the palace-like monastery. This transformed the once sleepy barangay into a popular destination. Daily, the monastery is visited by thousands of devotees from all over the country and even from foreign tourists. This crown structure is memorial of the victorious and powerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mother thru the Penitential Rosary Walk in 1998, against the killer epidemic hat struck the place, where several lives of poor children and infants had died. Built to honour Mary on the 8th year anniversary of the Monks arrival in Lindogon. Blessed on the 27th day of February, 2004.”

There are available coloured candles near the monastery. Proceeds of the candles will give part to the monks for funds. The following are coloured candles with its own purpose.

Gold: Healing (Good health, Recovery, Spiritual, Family Tree)

Green: Prosperity/Success (Exams, Study, Financial, Business)

Blue: Perseverance (Employment, Career, Assignment, Promotions)

Violet: Achievement (Plans in life, Struggles, Endeavours, Journeys, Voyage)

Red: Love (Utility, Friendship, Engagement, Family)

Yellow: Peace (Courage, Strength, Hope)

White: Purity (Enlightenment, Guidance, Right Path)

Orange: Reconciliation (Sweetheart, Wife, Husband, Enemy, Family)

Pink: Thanksgiving/Happiness/Joy (Spiritual, Physical)

Black: Souls (Forgiveness, Pardon)

Brown: Vocation (Marriage Bond, God’s Servant, Single life)

Grey: Deliverance (Bad ways, Things, Spirits)

Cream: Conversion/Faith (Children, Household, Couples)

A gentle reminder from the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, the following guidelines must be strictly followed and not allowed to wear inside the Monastery: wearing of tube & short blouses/dresses, fitting & transparent pants, spaghetti straps/sleeveless dress, mini skirts, shorts. While taking you to the Monastery, it is required to remove footwear before entering the Mother Mary’s prayer room. Cameras flash should be turned off while taking pictures so as not to interrupt/destruct others when praying. All Catholic & Non-Catholic are advised to please respect and observe solemnity inside the Church. Smoking is prohibited inside the premises. Parking area is situated to the right side of the entrance.

If you are from Cebu City taking you through Sibonga town proper to estimate of 50 kilometres southeast or travel time for about 2-hours and can be reached via any of the buses (air con/non air-con) that leaves regularly for Sibonga from the South Bus Terminal along N. Bacalso Ave. in Cebu City. Bus fare is less than a hundred pesos. The place is famous among all passengers, just ask the conductor to drop you off to the crossing in going to Birhen sa Simala. Mary’s pilgrimage is few kilometres away from the drop off point and you can reach the destination by riding in a motorcycles for hire habal-habal or public tricycles. The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist opens daily from 8:00 am - 6:00 pm.

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist in Lindogon, Sibonga in Cebu province is run by Marian monks. The place is where several instances of the phenomena ~ whereby the image of the Virgin Mary shed tears in several instances starting in 1998. It is now very popular for Marian pilgrims and devotees who flock to the palace-like monastery. This transformed the once sleepy barangay into a popular destination. Daily, the monastery is visited by thousands of devotees from all over the country and even from foreign tourists. This crown structure is memorial of the victorious and powerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mother thru the Penitential Rosary Walk in 1998, against the killer epidemic hat struck the place, where several lives of poor children and infants had died. Built to honour Mary on the 8th year anniversary of the Monks arrival in Lindogon. Blessed on the 27th day of February, 2004.”

There are available coloured candles near the monastery. Proceeds of the candles will give part to the monks for funds. The following are coloured candles with its own purpose.

Gold: Healing (Good health, Recovery, Spiritual, Family Tree)

Green: Prosperity/Success (Exams, Study, Financial, Business)

Blue: Perseverance (Employment, Career, Assignment, Promotions)

Violet: Achievement (Plans in life, Struggles, Endeavours, Journeys, Voyage)

Red: Love (Utility, Friendship, Engagement, Family)

Yellow: Peace (Courage, Strength, Hope)

White: Purity (Enlightenment, Guidance, Right Path)

Orange: Reconciliation (Sweetheart, Wife, Husband, Enemy, Family)

Pink: Thanksgiving/Happiness/Joy (Spiritual, Physical)

Black: Souls (Forgiveness, Pardon)

Brown: Vocation (Marriage Bond, God’s Servant, Single life)

Grey: Deliverance (Bad ways, Things, Spirits)

Cream: Conversion/Faith (Children, Household, Couples)

A gentle reminder from the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, the following guidelines must be strictly followed and not allowed to wear inside the Monastery: wearing of tube & short blouses/dresses, fitting & transparent pants, spaghetti straps/sleeveless dress, mini skirts, shorts. While taking you to the Monastery, it is required to remove footwear before entering the Mother Mary’s prayer room. Cameras flash should be turned off while taking pictures so as not to interrupt/destruct others when praying. All Catholic & Non-Catholic are advised to please respect and observe solemnity inside the Church. Smoking is prohibited inside the premises. Parking area is situated to the right side of the entrance.

If you are from Cebu City taking you through Sibonga town proper to estimate of 50 kilometres southeast or travel time for about 2-hours and can be reached via any of the buses (air con/non air-con) that leaves regularly for Sibonga from the South Bus Terminal along N. Bacalso Ave. in Cebu City. Bus fare is less than a hundred pesos. The place is famous among all passengers, just ask the conductor to drop you off to the crossing in going to Birhen sa Simala. Mary’s pilgrimage is few kilometres away from the drop off point and you can reach the destination by riding in a motorcycles for hire habal-habal or public tricycles. The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist opens daily from 8:00 am - 6:00 pm.

A barber (from the Latin barba, "beard") is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men's and boys' hair. A barber's place of work is known as a "barber shop" or a "barber's". Barber shops are also places of social interaction and public discourse. In some instances, barbershops are also public forums. They are the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues. They were also influential in helping shape male identity.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in English-speaking cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.

TERMINOLOGY

In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on the regulations in a given location.

Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor, strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, colouring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.

In Australia, the official term for a barber is hairdresser; barber is only a popular title for men's hairdressers, although not as popular now as it was in the middle of the 20th century. Most would work in a hairdressing salon.

HISTORY

The barber's trade has a long history: razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (around 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers. In some early tribes, a barber was one of the most important members, as it was believed that certain evil spirits could enter a person's body through their hair, and that cutting it was a way to drive them out. Due to their spiritual and religious beliefs, barbers even performed religious ceremonies, such as marriages and baptizing children. During these ceremonies, they would leave people's hair hanging down until after dancing; they would then cut the hair and tie it back tightly so that no evil spirits could enter and no good spirits could escape.

Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς (cureus), in an agora (market place) which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip.

Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barber shops quickly became very popular centres for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to the tonsor became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths, and a young man's first shave (tonsura) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony.

A few Roman tonsores became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favourite public locations of high society; however, most were simple tradesmen, who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery, bloodletting and leeching, fire cupping, enemas, and the extraction of teeth; earning them the name "barber surgeons". The barber pole, featuring red and white spiraling stripes, symbolized different aspects of the craft. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.

19th CENTURY AND LATER

Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in helping to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar, to be somebody."Late in the 19th century there were several noteworthy events in the barber profession that gave it an upward trend, and the effects are still carrying onward and upward. In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession were ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.

In the early 1900s an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the USA.

The barber Sam Mature, whose interview with Studs Terkel was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working, says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or passed away. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."

Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth.

Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the USA, barber training is carried out at "Barber Schools".

Cost—Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.

Length—Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.

Curriculum—The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.

WIKIPEDIA

The second of two instances of surprisingly bad design on my 2007 Toyota Corolla, which is otherwise a very well-designed car.

This is the air flow control. If you want air to blow only on your feet, you point the arrow straight up. If you want it to blow only in your face, you point the arrow down and to the left. This could have been mapped to the human body - on which the face is near the top and the feet are at the bottom - a lot better.

More about me: danbock.net

You may probably have noticed that not all sports mouth guards are the same. For instance, you can look at the football players. Some players wear the mouth guards which are attached to the face masks while others wear the ones which are detached but have a big piece of rubber covering the mouth. Having that said, a few types of mouth guards are worth mentioning here.

Categories of Mouth Guards

Mouth guards are divided by three categories from the perspective of comfort, quality and, of course, price.

•The first to mention is the stock mouth guard. These are the mouth guards which you can purchase from the drugstores. Typically, these are available with standard sizes. You can get one and put it in your mouth. If it fits properly, you are in luck. If not, you are going to have to deal with it or get a new one. Stock mouth guards are typically the least expensive ones.

•Another type which offers a bit of customization is called boil-and-bite. As the name suggests, boil and bite is the type of mouth guard which you will need to put in the boiling water before using. The heat from boiling water is going to make the mouth guard soft so that you can bite on it to give it the shape of the sequence of your teeth.

•Custom fit is the third type of mouth guards. Unlike stock and boil-and-bite mouth guards, custom fit is not available in the drugstores. You will have to get it from your dentist. You will need to ask for this mouth guard during dental visit. The dentist will take impression of your teeth and send it to the preparation lab where the mouth guard will be prepared. This mouth guard will fit perfectly on your teeth. Although the fitting is quite like the boil-and-bite, this mouth guard offers great quality.

Since custom mouth guard is the best kind of protection that one can get, you will see many of the professional athletes wearing it. However, it really doesn’t mean that you should not have any other type of mouth guard if you are unable to get the custom one.

Mouth guards with additional functionalities

In addition to the three types, mouth guards are also available with additional functionalities. These functionalities aim at improving the comfort level of the mouth guards. Those types mainly include the following.

•Flavored: These are the mouth guards which you can wear in order to add enjoyment at a certain degree. The main purpose of these mouth guards is to develop a desire to wear the mouth guards.

•Lip Protector: This mouth guard has extra amount of rubber which is added to ensure better protection for the lips.

•Air Flow Chamber: Mouth guards usually make you clench your teeth. The airflow chamber allows you to have extra intake of oxygen while you wear the mouth guard.

Make sure that you are wearing the right mouth guard

Although it is your decision to choose the type of mouth guard, you can go for the right choice if you ask from your dentist.

Patiala State Monorail Trainways (PSMT) was a unique rail-guided, partially road-borne railway system running in Patiala (British India) from 1907 to 1927. PSMT was the second monorail system in India, after the Kundala Valley Railway, near Munnar in Kerala, and the only operational locomotive-hauled railway system built using the Ewing System in the world.. The Kundala Valley Railway pre-dated this, also using the Ewing system between 1902 and 1908, although this only used bullocks for haulage. Following the conversion of the Kundala Valley Railway from a monorail to a narrow gauge railway in 1908, PSMT was the only monorail system in India until its closure in 1927. These were the only instances of a monorail train system in India, until the Mumbai Monorail was opened on 2 February 2014.

A locomotive and a coach of PSMT have been restored, are in running condition and are exhibited in the Indian National Rail Museum, New Delhi.

HISTORY OF PSMT

Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh of Patiala got this unique railway system constructed to facilitate movement of people and goods in his state. The chief engineer of this project was Colonel C. W. Bowles. Colonel Bowles has earlier successfully used monorail based on Ewing System (designed by William Thorold) during his stint as engineer during laying of tracks for Bengal Nagpur Railway for transportation of construction materials. Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh made him chief Engineer for the PSMT project. One of the objects of PSMT was to make use of the 560 mules being maintained by Patiala State. Apart from mules, bullocks were also used to haul the monorail before introduction of steam locomotives on the route of PSMT.

The only published information about PSMT was in a 1908 edition of Imperial Gazetteer of India in which there was a brief mention. The gazetteer simply stated that "a mono-rail tramway, opened in February, 1907, connects Basi with the railway at Sirhind". An ordnance map of 1913 also shows a tramway running along west side of road, but does not mention the PSMT by name. Apart from the above, PSMT has not been mentioned in any official documents of that period in India.

ADVENTAGE OF USING EWING SYSTEM

The railways based on the Ewing System are basically monorails using a balancing wheel for balancing the train. The main load (almost 95%) is borne by the single rail while the rest is borne by the balancing wheel which runs on the ground. Further, in normal train systems, the rails have to be at almost exact level of other rail, failing which the train may go off the tracks. By using Ewing system, this problem is solved as the balancing wheel does not need exact level to maintain the balance of monorail. In addition the cost of laying tracks also goes down considerably since only one rail is used. Another benefit of using Ewing System was that the balancing wheel could run on existing tarred roads as well as the macadam roads thus further reducing cost to lay down tracks.

Using one rail also means that the turning circle is far less than the standard trains. PSMT had to pass through some very congested areas. Since the space need to lay the tracks was less and balancing wheel could run on existing roads, PSMT succeeded in running through the congested urban areas of Patiala. The balancing wheel of PSMT ran on the roads and did not interfere with normal traffic.

PSMT could have been forerunner of mass transit system in urban areas in India. Its model still holds good for introducing mass transit system in congested urban areas where laying of train or tram tracks is not possible due to space constraint.

Routes of PSMT

The total distance covered by PSMT was 80 km. PSMT was run on two unconnected lines. One ran 24 km from Sirhind to Morinda. It was proposed to extend this line to Ropar but since Ropar was connected by a railway line, this idea was abandoned.

The other line ran 56 km from Patiala to Sunam. The lines were constructed by the firm of Marsland and Price. Today no trace of the tracks or any infrastructure of PSMT remains. However, information about the route was found in a letter by Colonel Bowles to Mr. Ambler. Colonel Bowles described the route of Patiala-Sunam line as starting from goods yard of North Western Railway (NWR) at Patiala. The PSMT then crossed the main railway line at a road level crossing nearby. It then went through walled city towards City Mandi and then took a turn north towards cantonment. Then it traveled along the main road to Bhawanigarh and then Sunam.

The steam locomotive was probably used only on Patiala Sunam Line. In his letter to H. R. Ambler, Col. Bowles wrote that the locomotives were heavy for 9 kg per m rail, thus they were not used on Sirhind – Morinda line. Col. Bowles categorically stated that the steam locomotive did run between Patiala Station and City Mandi i.e. a distance of about a mile. Heavier rails (about 30 kg per m) of almost same length was found stored in PSMT Yard along with other dismantled equipments. Thus in all probabilities, the steam locomotive was used in hauling carriage only between Patiala Station and City Mandi.

FREIGHT AND PASSENGER

The route of the PSMT passed through one of the major agricultural areas of Punjab; the area around Patiala was known as the “wheat basket”. The old photographs of the PSMT show it carrying sacks of grain as well as people. Thus, the PSMT was used for both purposes.

STEAM LOCOMOTIVES

PSMT initially used mules to pull the train. Later four steam locomotives were acquired for pulling the coaches. It is not known whether the locomotives were used on both lines or only on Patiala Sunam line. These four locomotives were of 0-3-0 configuration and was built by Orenstein & Koppel (O&K) of Berlin in 1907 at cost of £500 to £600 each. Donald W. Dickens, in his article on the PSMT, described the locomotives as “These were an adaptation of the normal O&K 0-6-0's but had a double flanged driver in the centre of each axle rather than drivers at each end. The right-hand water tank was larger so that some of the weight shifted onto the 990 mm diameter balance wheel which was attached beyond the enlarged water tank. The outside cylinders were 5½" × 14". The designer at O&K took advantage of the extra cab space behind the enlarged right-hand water tank and put the fire door on the right side of the fire box rather than at the back as is usually done. These locos were confined to the Patiala – Sunam line.”

The wheel arrangement of the locomotives were 0-3-0. The middle flange less wheel was of 50 centimetres diameter. Other two wheels were double flanged having groove depth of 2.15 centimetres. The locomotive had wheelbase of 119 centimetres.

ROLLING STOCK

Wagons were normally 2.4 by 1.8 m, with two 200 mm diameter rail wheels. The coaches were supported by a road wheel of 98 cm diameter, set at 2.1 m from the rail.

The passenger coaches on the Sirhind Line were open-sided wagons with knifeboard seating.

In 1908 there was a total of 75 goods wagons and 15 passenger coaches.

According to Col. Bowles, there were a few 9.1 m long goods wagons, having two road wheels. Some of these wagons were also converted for use as passenger coaches by having transverse benches fitted in them.

DETAILS ABOUT PSMT TRACK

The track of PSMT was constructed by firm named Marsland and Price, who were based in Bombay. The track was 9 kg per m rail clipped to iron sleepers 250×200×13 mm.

On the Patiala – Sunam line, wooden sleepers 380×75×100 mm were initially used but were later replaced with iron sleepers due to termite infestation.

PASSENGER, FARES AND CARGO

The only account of operational details of PSMT is found in papers of Colonel Bowles. According to a memorandum dated 2 October 1908, found amongst Colonel Bowles papers, PSMT carried 20,000 passengers in a month on Sirhand – Morinda line. There are no details of the quantity of goods carried.

The fare is stated to be 1½ annas for the entire route. The rate for carrying goods is mentioned to be 1 anna per maund (80 lb).

There is no account available for fares or number of passenger or quantity of goods carried on Patiala – Sunam line.

END OF PSMT

Around 1912, with the advent of automobiles and improved roads, PSMT began losing favour with people. Ultimately PSMT was closed on 1 October 1927. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh expired in 1938 and Col. Bowles, who was in England, on leave, did not have the heart to return. Thus, PSMT and all its records, photographs, etc., were left uncared for, in Patiala. Further, at that period, since there was no interest in Patiala for the PSMT, the documents, photographs etc. related to PSMT was not preserved and thus what could have been valuable source of information on this unique monorail was lost forever.

TECHNICAL EXPERIMENTS IN PSMT

EXPERIMENT USING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Colonel Bowles also experimented with a petrol driven locomotive on Sirhind section. Mr. Donald W. Dicken's article carries a picture captioned "Motor Engine Trial On Patiala State Monorailway". This picture shows four loaded vehicles being pulled by an "Ordinary Motor Car Engine". This experiment was supposedly carried out in 1930. This experiment was exception to animal power or steam power used to pull PSMT. This would be first locally built internal combustion engine locomotive in Indian subcontinent.

DISCOVERY OF PSMT

PSMT was forgotten even in Patiala, until its remains were discovered in a Public Work Department (PWD) shed by Mike Shatow in 1962. PSMT had not been a much publicised railway system. It had been briefly been mentioned in an article by H. A. Robinson in 1936. Thereafter John Day and Brian Wilson mentioned PSMT in detail in their book Unusual railways in 1957. Day got in touch with Colonel Bowles, who provided him some information and photographs of PSMT. Based on these information, Day wrote another article that appeared in Railway World magazine in 1962. Mike Satow took it upon himself to find the remains of PSMT and discovered the same in a PWD shed in Patiala in 1962. This article was read by H R Ambler, who did further research and wrote an article – "An Indian “Might-Have-Been”", which was published in the February 1969 issue of The Railway Magazine. Ultimately, due to the effort of Mike Satow and others, One PSMT locomotive (Number PSMT – 4) was restored along with Chief Engineer's private inspection car (this coach was rebuilt on original frame as a normal passenger coach). Both of these are on display at the Indian National Railway Museum, New Delhi. A further Locomotive is also preserved on a plinth at the Amritsar Workshops of the NR. No information is available about the rest of the locomotives or coaches.

PSMT AT NATIONAL RAIL MUSEUM

After being restored, PSMT has become one of the star attractions of PSMT at National Rail Museum. It is regularly steamed up and runs on Sundays. It is open for public rides on Sundays as well as by special booking in advance.

WIKIPEDIA

For Instance

Listen here: www.myspace.com/forinstanceband

The Citadel Complex of Hue, set up by Nguyen Dynasty from 1805 to 1945, is now one amongst the relics of the Hue ancient Capital – the World Cultural Heritage, capturing much of tourists’ attention.

The poetic and beautiful Hue of Vietnam was chosen to be the capital of the Southern Kingdom under Nguyen Lords’ Dynasty, and officially became the nation's capital under Tay Son Dynasty, King Quang Trung. The citadel palace complex is located on the North bank of Huong River (Perfume River), inside Hue city. It is a huge complex covering an area of 520ha and comprising three circles of ramparts, Kinh Thanh Hue (Hue Capital Citadel), Hoang Thanh (Royal Citadel) and Tu Cam Thanh (Forbidden Citadel). It was said to be protected by the two sand dunes: The Con Hen and Con Da Vien on the Perfume River, as "dragon on the left, tiger on the right". If you are in Hue, please join us in this small journey exploring the beautiful feudal palace, the inspiration for numerous artists ever stepping inside!

The very first stop-over is the exterior circle, the Kinh Thanh Hue (Hue capital citadel), which started to be constructed in 1805 under the reign of Emperor Gia Long and was completed in 1832 under the sovereignty of Emperor Ming Mang. Over the past 200 years, it has still maintained original with nearly 140 small and large constructions. With a square shape, it is almost 10km in circumference, 6m high, 21m thick, with 10 entrances. On the top of the walls, 24 bastions are established for defensive purposes. Besides, the Citadel has an ancillary gate connecting the Tran Binh Bastion called the Tran Binh Mon (Peaceful protector Gate).

Now we get further into the second circle, the Hoang Thanh (Royal citadel), also the most important part of the Citadel, which was built in 1804 but totally completed in 1833, under King Ming Mang’s reign. The Citadel, which is more than 600m long for each side, was built with bricks of 4m high, and 1m thick. Around the citadel is a protecting trench system. Tourists can get access to the Imperial Citadel through four entrance gates. In the past, Ngo Mon Gate was only reserved for the King. Royal Citadel consists of more than 100 fascinating architectural works divided into numerous sections:

Section of the Ngo Mon Gate and the Thai Hoa Palace: used for various grand ceremonies.

Section for placing shrines of the Kings under Nguyen Dynasty: Trieu Mieu, Thai Mieu, Hung Mieu, The Mieu and Phung Tien Temples.

Section of internal affairs office: Storehouse for precious objects, workshop for manufacturing various useful articles.

Section of the Kham Van Palace and Co Ha Garden: is where the princes studied or relaxed.

Passing through Hoang Thanh, we enter Tu Cam Thanh (Forbidden Citadel). Situated inside the Imperial Citadel complex, behind the Throne Palace, the Purple Forbidden Citadel was reserved for Emperor and his family. Built in the early 1803 under reign of Emperor Gia Long, it was initially named Cung Thanh. In 1821, it was renamed into the today’s Tu Cam Thanh.

This citadel part was built with brick walls of 3.72m high, 0.72m thick, and about 1,230m in circumference. Its front and back sides are 324m long respectively, while the left and right sides are both more than 290m long. The whole site consists of 50 architectural constructions of different sizes and 7 gates for facilitating the entrance and exit. Dai Cung Mon (the Great Palace Gate) is in the front side, only reserved for the Kings. Can Chanh Palace was the place for daily working of Emperors. Can Thanh (Emperor's Private Palace), Khon Thai Residence (Queen's Private Apartment) were reserved for the Queens. There are still many other sections, for instance, Duyet Thi Duong house (Royal Theatre), Thuong Thien (the kitchen for the Kings' food), Thai Binh Lau (King's reading room), all of which are of great architectural value, luring uncountable visitors who are interested in feudal architecture.

Should you ever come inside the citadel, taking a look into the special feudal relics of immense architectural and cultural values, you will surely more or less love the traditional and classical side of Vietnam. As time goes by, thousands of changes have occurred, the precious historical and classical beauty of the nation would never be gone!

vietnam-beauty

via

I’m sure you’re familiar with common phobias such as arachnophobia and claustrophobia. What about all the not-so-common fears? For instance, how can you stay clean if you’re afraid of bathing? That’s right, Ablutophobia is the irrational fear of bathing, washing, and cleaning, and while it’s not the most prevalent, it’s crippling to those affected.

Now, before we dive headfirst into all the details of Ablutophobia, let’s make sure you understand what causes these terrors in the first place. You see, phobias aren’t just random occurrences, they can be learned or experienced events, often early in life, that dramatically shape our adulthood perceptions.

These acquired anxieties are sorted into three basic categories: Social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobias. Ablutophobia falls under the category of specific phobias, which affects an estimated 19.2 million adults in the United States. So if you’re dealing with an irrational fear of your own, bear in mind that you’re not alone.

Abnormal dread surrounding particular objects or situations is a debilitating and confusing reality for so many people, and sadly, they often suffer in silence. Well, that is, until now.

Ablutophobia, The Naked Truth

Like all phobias, ablutophobia is an anxiety disorder. As a person living with this condition, I completely understand how hard it can be to stay fresh and maintain social norms without washing.

Perhaps the most positively infuriating thing about phobias is that you don’t always know where they started. Sure, science may claim that a past traumatic event is the most common source of ablutophobia, but whether or not you consciously remember it is another thing entirely.

For some, all it took was Alfred Hitchcock’s “Psycho” to induce a lifetime of shower dread, while for others, the disorder may have developed from a childhood aversion to bathtime or another person’s anxiety surrounding the subject.

Regardless of where the phobia began, the impact it has on the life of an adult is, well, complicated. In this world, we hold cleanliness and hygiene to high standards, and anyone who doesn’t adhere to this norm is considered unacceptable by society. Plus, not washing away dirt and bacteria regularly brings with it a whole host of negative physical consequences.

If the idea of bathing gives you the creeps, don’t worry – There are several practical methods for managing this anxiety. Cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques are highly effective in treating ablutophobia and have demonstrated excellent results.

What It’s Like To Live With Ablutophobia?

From work-life and social engagements to exercising and body image, there are few things left unaffected by ablutophobia. For example, I thought about dropping in on a challenging spin class but was immediately reminded of the shower that would need to follow and opted out.

This vicious cycle tormented my mind more often than I’d like to admit, and to be completely candid, it really took a toll on my self-esteem. I was afraid to work out because I knew I’d need to bathe, but the dormancy made me feel even more inadequate.

On the few days that I mustered up the courage to hit the gym, I was bombarded by anxiety about the inevitable washing to come. But what if I skipped the shower altogether? No, there’s no way I could hide this stench. Not to mention the nagging notion that people might find me dirty. That was the worst of it all.

The terrifying thought that someone might’ve been offended by my odor is what hindered me from dating or carrying out most social obligations. I knew I needed to find a sensible solution to suit my hygiene needs without adding more shower time than necessary.

That’s when I found showerless body wipes.

How To Keep You Clean With A Shower Phobia?

Obviously, body wipes can’t wholly replace showering, but they can help restore some normalcy for those living with ablutophobia. Once I discovered this alternative solution, my confidence took a dramatic turn for the better.

All of a sudden, getting sweaty during a workout didn’t seem so daunting, and I wasn’t continually wondering whether people were judging my cleanliness or not. Showerless body wipes are the perfect way to bring the shower with me during everyday life so that I can fight the funk without a cascade of horrifying emotions.

Truth be told, having a reliable method for staying fresh on the go has boosted my confidence so much that when I do need to hit the shower, I’m not entirely as terrified as I once was.

So, if you’re living with ablutophobia like me, I’m here to tell you that there’s hope! You don’t have to suffer in silence or put your dreams on hold any longer. It’s time to regain control over your hygiene needs with showerless body wipes, and while you’re at it, check out the deodorant wipes and other incredible products offered by Busy Beauty. We’re here to help you manage and possibly overcome this phobia, so you can start living your best life!

The post Ablutophobia, What Is It And How To Fight It? appeared first on Get Busy Blog.

blog.busybeauty.com/ablutophobia-what-is-it/

Located approximately 50 miles south of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 40 miles north of Chicago, the Zion facility is in the process of being decommissioned. Eventually, the whole structure will be removed even desks and chairs, in short, anything at all that might even have the slightest radioactive contamination; and there will be objects that have it.

The issue here is nuclear plant safety and it applies to all facilities no matter where they are located. The Zion plant is a good example of the numerous issues involved. For instance, what if there had been a situation similar to Fukushima? A double reactor core meltdown and spent fuel pool damage with massive, potentially catastrophic radiation release in a geographical area with a huge population, one much larger than in Fukushima prefecture. How would you protect people or evacuate before they were overtaken by a plume of radiation containing cancer causing fission products like cesium-137 and iodine-131?

Nuclear plants are built on 'design-basis' contingencies. In other words, what the company, NRC, the state in which it is located, and other stakeholders think is likely to happen accident-wise. At Fukushima it was not thought there could ever be a combination of earthquake magnitude 9.0 and a massive tsunami capable of inundating the coastline even though there was historical proof that that area had suffered from massive tsunamis in the past. Consequently, the seawall was not high enough to fight off the tsunami wave that flooded the entire plant and knocked out all power, creating what is known as 'station blackout' where all AC power has been lost. The wave also knocked out the on-site DC generators. With no power the molten reactor core began to boil off the cooling water. The severity of the natural event destroyed nearby roads and infrastructure creating chaos, leaving the facility pretty much isolated. The water boiled away and core meltdown began.

There is a strong argument that all facilities should be constructed on a 'beyond-design-basis' plan. In other words, try to factor in the seeming improbable, unlikely set of events, especially with emphasis on maintaining DC power for days and not just hours in case of a severe accident.

As you can see from the images, the Zion facility looks very vulnerable. The Lake Michigan water level is low, but what is there to prevent it from rising? There's no seawall there to deflect the water. Granted, it is unlikely there could be a tsunami in the lake, but there could be other ways the lake could suddenly rise and flood the plant. This is especially true of other still operating plants that are downstream from dams. What if the dam burst?

LaSalle, Illinois has a boiling water reactor similar to the ones at Fukushima. Could it withstand an F5 tornado? An F5 hit the south suburbs of Chicago in 1990. And the tornado would not have to strike the plant directly. It could knock out all AC power and cripple the plant. Would they be able to maintain cooling long enough before core meltdown began? A fifty mile evacuation zone around LaSalle includes all but the far northern suburbs of Chicago. The plant is built of concrete and reinforced steel; but the winds of an F5 tornado are around 250 to 300 miles an hour. We've all seen news footage of what destruction a tornado can cause. Hard to believe there's any facility that could survive a storm of that ferocity. Don't want to think about that scenario.

The nuclear industry is privately owned and operated for profit. Would companies make very expensive safety improvements if it hurts the precious bottom line? I think the answer to that is pretty clear.

So we all need to be very concerned about what is happening in this industry. Almost every plant in the country, and probably the world, has had some type of accident or radiation release. The chances of accidents happening are numerous, including weather events, fire, equipment failure, aging equipment and, perhaps most importantly of all, human error and the sometimes frailty of the human condition. For instance, the manager of one unnamed plant came to work drunk. A security guard at another once shot himself in the foot. In what is termed force-on-force security testing plant 'invaders', or 'intruders' sometimes win the contest with the security guards and enter the facility.

Back to safety one more time. Spent fuel pools. The spent fuel must be kept cool. The Unit 4 pool at Fukushima is said to have contained 14,000 the amount of radiation released by the Hiroshima atomic bomb. In the United States the tendency is to pack the fuel more densely into the pools to the amount of five times that of Fukushima Unit 4. Do the math.

The Zion plant still has 1500 tons of spent fuel in its pool. Eventually, it is slated to be transferred, or is already being transferred, to dry cask strorage which will be kept on-site and under armed guard indefinitely. Dry casks are concrete and steel containers that are air-cooled.

Information gleaned from the following sources:

Dr. Helen Caldicott and Nuclear Free Planet. org;

Beyond Nuclear.org

Union of Concerned Scientists.org and the book entitled 'Fukushima: The Story of a Nuclear Disaster

NEIS.org

and various other sources too numerous to mention.

A 'good' documentary to watch is called Chernobyl Heart. You can find it on You Tube.

Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters

The Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters (colloquially referred to as "landl" (Landesgericht)) is one of 20 regional courts in Austria and the largest court in Austria. It is located in the 8th District of Vienna, Josefstadt, at the Landesgerichtsstraße 11. It is a court of first respectively second instance. A prisoners house, the prison Josefstadt, popularly often known as the "Grey House" is connected.

Court Organization

In this complex there are:

the Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna,

the Vienna District Attorney (current senior prosecutor Maria-Luise Nittel)

the Jurists association-trainee lawer union (Konzipientenverband) and

the largest in Austria existing court house jail, the Vienna Josefstadt prison.

The Regional Criminal Court has jurisdiction in the first instance for crimes and offenses that are not pertain before the district court. Depending on the severity of the crime, there is a different procedure. Either decides

a single judge,

a senate of lay assessors

or the jury court.

In the second instance, the District Court proceeds appeals and complaints against judgments of district courts. A three-judge Court decides here whether the judgment is canceled or not and, if necessary, it establishes a new sentence.

The current President Friedrich Forsthuber is supported by two Vice Presidents - Henriette Braitenberg-Zennenberg and Eve Brachtel.

In September 2012, the following data have been published

Austria's largest court

270 office days per year

daily 1500 people

70 judges, 130 employees in the offices

5300 proceedings (2011) for the custodial judges and legal protection magistrates, representing about 40 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work

over 7400 procedures at the trial judges (30 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work)

Prosecution with 93 prosecutors and 250 employees

19,000 cases against 37,000 offenders (2011 )

Josefstadt prison with 1,200 inmates (overcrowded)

History

1839-1918

The original building of the Vienna Court House, the so-called civil Schranne (corn market), was from 1440 to 1839 located at the Hoher Markt 5. In 1773 the Schrannenplatz was enlarged under Emperor Joseph II and the City Court and the Regional Court of the Viennese Magistrate in this house united. From this time it bore the designation "criminal court".

Due to shortcomings of the prison rooms in the Old Court on Hoher Markt was already at the beginning of the 19th Century talk of building a new crime courthouse, but this had to be postponed because of bankruptcy in 1811.

In 1816 the construction of the criminal court building was approved. Although in the first place there were voices against a construction outside the city, as building ground was chosen the area of the civil Schießstätte (shooting place) and the former St. Stephanus-Freithofes in then Alservorstadt (suburb); today, in this part Josefstadt. The plans of architect Johann Fischer were approved in 1831, and in 1832 was began with the construction, which was completed in 1839. On 14 May 1839 was held the first meeting of the Council.

Provincial Court at the Landesgerichtsstraße between November 1901 and 1906

Johann Fischer fell back in his plans to Tuscan early Renaissance palaces as the Pitti Palace or Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence. The building was erected on a 21,872 m² plot with a length of 223 meters. It had two respectively three floors (upper floors), the courtyard was divided into three wings, in which the prisoner's house stood. In addition, a special department for the prison hospital (Inquisitenspital ) and a chapel were built.

The Criminal Court of Vienna was from 1839 to 1850 a city court which is why the Vice Mayor of Vienna was president of the criminal courts in civil and criminal matters at the same time. In 1850 followed the abolition of municipal courts. The state administration took over the Criminal Court on 1 Juli 1850. From now on, it had the title "K.K. Country's criminal court in Vienna".

1851, juries were introduced. Those met in the large meeting hall, then as now, was on the second floor of the office wing. The room presented a double height space (two floors). 1890/1891 followed a horizontal subdivision. Initially, the building stood all alone there. Only with the 1858 in the wake of the demolition of the city walls started urban expansion it was surrounded by other buildings.

From 1870 to 1878, the Court experienced numerous conversions. Particular attention was paid to the tract that connects directly to the Alserstraße. On previously building ground a three-storey arrest tract and the Jury Court tract were built. New supervened the "Neutrakt", which presented a real extension and was built three respectively four storied. From 1873 on, executions were not executed publicly anymore but only in the prison house. The first execution took place on 16 December 1876 in the "Galgenhof" (gallow courtyard), the accused were hanged there on the Würgegalgen (choke gallow).

By 1900 the prisoners house was extended. In courtyard II of the prison house kitchen, laundry and workshop buildings and a bathing facility for the prisoners were created. 1906/1907 the office building was enlarged. The two-storied wing tract got a third and three-storied central section a fourth floor fitted.

1918-1938

In the early years of the First Republic took place changes of the court organization. Due to the poor economy and the rapid inflation, the number of cases and the number of inmates rose sharply. Therefore, it was in Vienna on 1 October 1920 established a second Provincial Court, the Regional Court of Criminal Matters II Vienna, as well as an Expositur of the prisoner house at Garnisongasse.

One of the most important trials of the interwar period was the shadow village-process (Schattendorfprozess - nomen est omen!), in which on 14th July 1927, the three defendants were acquitted. In January 1927 front fighters had shot into a meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, killing two people. The outrage over the acquittal was great. At a mass demonstration in front of the Palace of Justice on 15th July 1927, which mainly took place in peaceful manner, invaded radical elements in the Palace of Justice and set fire ( Fire of the Palace Justice), after which the overstrained police preyed upon peaceful protesters fleeing from the scene and caused many deaths.

The 1933/1934 started corporate state dictatorship had led sensational processes against their opponents: examples are the National Socialists processes 1934 and the Socialists process in 1936 against 28 "illegal" socialists and two Communists, in which among others the later leaders Bruno Kreisky and Franz Jonas sat on the dock.

Also in 1934 in the wake of the February Fights and the July Coup a series of processes were carried out by summary courts and military courts. Several ended with death sentences that were carried out by hanging in "Galgenhof" of the district court .

1938-1945

The first measures the Nazis at the Regional Criminal Court after the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich in 1938 had carried out, consisted of the erection of a monument to ten Nazis, during the processes of the events in July 1934 executed, and of the creation of an execution space (then space 47 C, today consecration space where 650 names of resistance fighters are shown) with a guillotine supplied from Berlin (then called device F, F (stands for Fallbeil) like guillotine).

During the period of National Socialism were in Vienna Regional Court of 6 December 1938 to 4th April 1945 1.184 persons executed. Of those, 537 were political death sentences against civilians, 67 beheadings of soldiers, 49 war-related offenses, 31 criminal cases. Among those executed were 93 women in all age groups, including a 16-year-old girl and a 72-year-old woman who had both been executed for political reasons.

On 30 June 1942 were beheaded ten railwaymen from Styria and Carinthia, who were active in the resistance. On 31 July 1943, 31 people were beheaded in an hour, a day later, 30. The bodies were later handed over to the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Vienna and remaining body parts buried later without a stir at Vienna's Central Cemetery in shaft graves. To thein the Nazi era executed, which were called "Justifizierte" , belonged the nun Maria Restituta Kafka and the theology student Hannsgeorg Heintschel-Heinegg.

The court at that time was directly subordinated to the Ministry of Justice in Berlin.

1945-present

The A-tract (Inquisitentrakt), which was destroyed during a bombing raid in 1944 was built in the Second Republic again. This was also necessary because of the prohibition law of 8 May 1945 and the Criminal Law of 26 June 1945 courts and prisons had to fight with an overcrowding of unprecedented proportions.

On 24 March 1950, the last execution took place in the Grey House. Women murderer Johann Trnka had two women attacked in his home and brutally murdered, he had to bow before this punishment. On 1 July 1950 the death penalty was abolished in the ordinary procedure by Parliament. Overall, occured in the Regionl Court of Criminal Matters 1248 executions. In 1967, the execution site was converted into a memorial.

In the early 1980s, the building complex was revitalized and expanded. The building in the Florianigasse 8, which previously had been renovated, served during this time as an emergency shelter for some of the departments. In 1994, the last reconstruction, actually the annex of the courtroom tract, was completed. In 2003, the Vienna Juvenile Court was dissolved as an independent court, iIts agendas were integrated in the country's criminal court.

Prominent processes since 1945, for example, the Krauland process in which a ÖVP (Österreichische Volkspartei - Austrian People's Party) minister was accused of offenses against properties, the affair of the former SPÖ (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs - Austrian Socialist Party) Minister and Trade Unions president Franz Olah, whose unauthorized financial assistance resulted in a newspaper establishment led to conviction, the murder affairs Sassak and the of the Lainzer nurses (as a matter of fact, auxiliary nurses), the consumption (Konsum - consumer cooporatives) process, concerning the responsibility of the consumer Manager for the bankruptcy of the company, the Lucona proceedings against Udo Proksch, a politically and socially very well- networked man, who was involved in an attempted insurance fraud, several people losing their lives, the trial of the Nazi Holocaust denier David Irving for Wiederbetätigung (re-engagement in National Socialist activities) and the BAWAG affair in which it comes to breaches of duty by bank managers and vanished money.

Presidents of the Regional Court for Criminal Matters in Vienna since 1839 [edit ]

Josef Hollan (1839-1844)

Florian Philipp (1844-1849)

Eduard Ritter von Wittek (1850-1859)

Franz Ritter von Scharschmied (1859-1864)

Franz Ritter von Boschan (1864-1872)

Franz Josef Babitsch (1873-1874)

Joseph Ritter von Weitenhiller (1874-1881)

Franz Schwaiger (1881-1889)

Eduard Graf Lamezan -Salins (1889-1895)

Julius von Soos (1895-1903)

Paul von Vittorelli (1903-1909)

Johann Feigl (1909-1918)

Karl Heidt (1918-1919)

Ludwig Altmann (1920-1929)

Emil Tursky (1929-1936)

Philipp Charwath (1936-1938)

Otto Nahrhaft (1945-1950)

Rudolf Naumann (1951-1954)

Wilhelm Malaniu (1955-1963)

Johann Schuster (1963-1971)

Konrad Wymetal (1972-1976)

August Matouschek (1977-1989)

Günter Woratsch (1990-2004)

Ulrike Psenner (2004-2009)

Friedrich Forsthuber (since 2010)

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesgericht_f%C3%BCr_Strafsachen_...

A rare instance where I was able to photograph a famous site with few people standing in front of it. Photoshop is the best.

This “QUAINT” little mission has a very interesting history. I’ve been here a few times and I’m always surprised by how it’s smaller than I imagined it would be.

The coal lease will set conditions for mining. For instance, coal from surface mines like this one in the Powder River Basin are subject to a 12.5% royalty rate, while coal mined from underground sources is subject to an 8% rate.

The BLM administers coal leasing on approximately 570 million acres of federal mineral estate. Coal continues to be a large source of energy in the United States, but the continuing low cost of natural gas has spurred a shift away from coal for retail energy production.

on.doi.gov/2cD1co5

Photo by BLM

In every instance of "blooming Onion" the B is blocked. But I love this shot from the San Diego County Fair. For years, I shot the fair from the outside. This particular summer night, I went in to get some shots. I really loved every moment.

This image is for sale. Check out the shopping cart icon.

This is from an article in the Guardian by ( my new hero ) George Monbiot. I've been hearing and reading about so many instances of those on badger patrol being persecuted by the police, of the farmers and the NFU abusing and committing crimes against those on badger patrol and the police completely ignoring them. It makes me so angry, what Monbiot says and the conversation he reports says it all.

the whole article is here :

www.theguardian.com/environment/georgemonbiot/2013/sep/19...

As I've suggested in a couple of recent articles, the National Farmers Union (NFU), which tends to be dominated by big landowners, possesses an inordinate share of power in Britain. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ("Deathra") gives the NFU everything it asks for: resisting European attempts to cap the amount of subsidies a landowner can receive, scrapping the Agricultural Wages Board, trying to prevent a partial ban on neonicotinoid pesticides, commissioning a badger cull that flies in the face of scientific evidence.

Large landowners still throng the benches of the House of Lords and are over-represented in the Commons. They still tend to dominate local government in the countryside. But until now I hadn't realised that the police might act at the NFU's behest.

The conversation, recorded on 6 September, involves the police and a group of men and women monitoring the badger cull. By the time it begins, part of the group (but not the man who made the recording) have been detained by the police but not arrested, on suspicion of aggravated trespass. They deny the charge, insisting that they had stayed on a public footpath. Here are some excerpts from the recording. The man with the recorder asks the police why the cull monitors are being detained:

Officer: "The NFU are coming down to give them an official warning because they committed aggravated trespass."

A few seconds later a different officer explains: "The suspicion is that you've committed aggravated trespass. It's a suspicion at this stage and we're detaining you under 117 of Pace [the Police and Criminal Evidence Act] … It's suspicion, reasonable suspicion. OK? So what we've got to do, someone from the National Farmers Union is coming down –"

Questioner: "So are you acting on their behalf? Are you acting on behalf of the National Farmers Union?"

Officer: "No, I'm acting on behalf of our Silver Commander."

Various other issues are raised, then the police return to the point:

Officer: "Someone from the NFU could speak to them, OK, ascertain what's happening, take the details –"

Questioner: "Will they be allowed to move on when the NFU have spoken with them?

Officer: "That's up to whatever the NFU's got to say."

Questioner: "So it's up to the NFU whether they get arrested or not?"

Officer: "No, it's up to what the NFU – [drowned out by other voices]"

Again there are various distractions, then the conversation resumes:

Officer: "We're waiting for somebody to come along to give you an official warning – "

Questioner: "To give them."

Officer: "OK, them. An official warning –"

Questioner: "From the NFU."

Officer: "From the NFU. Yeah."

Eventually, after arguing with the police for a while, the people were released before the NFU arrived.

I've checked the relevant acts, and can find nothing in them that empowers the NFU, or any other such body, to issue official warnings and to decide whether or not people detained by the police can be released.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Too often in this country, policing appears to be conducted for the benefit of in-groups at the expense of out-groups: victims of racism, the homeless, gypsies and travellers, activists and protesters.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The establishment of official police forces, whose purpose was to enforce laws passed by parliament, was supposed to have replaced the doctrine of might with the doctrine of right. But the psychological legacy persists. The police often appear to work for those with money and power, protecting commercial interests from peaceful and legitimate protests, while failing to investigate crimes committed by corporations, executives and landowners.

A barber (from the Latin barba, "beard") is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men's and boys' hair. A barber's place of work is known as a "barber shop" or a "barber's". Barber shops are also places of social interaction and public discourse. In some instances, barbershops are also public forums. They are the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues. They were also influential in helping shape male identity.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in English-speaking cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.

TERMINOLOGY

In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on the regulations in a given location.

Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor, strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, colouring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.

In Australia, the official term for a barber is hairdresser; barber is only a popular title for men's hairdressers, although not as popular now as it was in the middle of the 20th century. Most would work in a hairdressing salon.

HISTORY

The barber's trade has a long history: razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (around 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers. In some early tribes, a barber was one of the most important members, as it was believed that certain evil spirits could enter a person's body through their hair, and that cutting it was a way to drive them out. Due to their spiritual and religious beliefs, barbers even performed religious ceremonies, such as marriages and baptizing children. During these ceremonies, they would leave people's hair hanging down until after dancing; they would then cut the hair and tie it back tightly so that no evil spirits could enter and no good spirits could escape.

Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς (cureus), in an agora (market place) which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip.

Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barber shops quickly became very popular centres for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to the tonsor became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths, and a young man's first shave (tonsura) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony.

A few Roman tonsores became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favourite public locations of high society; however, most were simple tradesmen, who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery, bloodletting and leeching, fire cupping, enemas, and the extraction of teeth; earning them the name "barber surgeons". The barber pole, featuring red and white spiraling stripes, symbolized different aspects of the craft. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.

19th CENTURY AND LATER

Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in helping to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar, to be somebody."Late in the 19th century there were several noteworthy events in the barber profession that gave it an upward trend, and the effects are still carrying onward and upward. In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession were ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.

In the early 1900s an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the USA.

The barber Sam Mature, whose interview with Studs Terkel was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working, says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or passed away. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."

Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth.

Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the USA, barber training is carried out at "Barber Schools".

Cost—Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.

Length—Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.

Curriculum—The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.

WIKIPEDIA

A barber (from the Latin barba, "beard") is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men's and boys' hair. A barber's place of work is known as a "barber shop" or a "barber's". Barber shops are also places of social interaction and public discourse. In some instances, barbershops are also public forums. They are the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues. They were also influential in helping shape male identity.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards, in English-speaking cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.

TERMINOLOGY

In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to hairdressers who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of cosmetology branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on the regulations in a given location.

Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland, a cosmetologist cannot use a straight razor, strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, colouring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.

In Australia, the official term for a barber is hairdresser; barber is only a popular title for men's hairdressers, although not as popular now as it was in the middle of the 20th century. Most would work in a hairdressing salon.

HISTORY

The barber's trade has a long history: razors have been found among relics of the Bronze Age (around 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers. In some early tribes, a barber was one of the most important members, as it was believed that certain evil spirits could enter a person's body through their hair, and that cutting it was a way to drive them out. Due to their spiritual and religious beliefs, barbers even performed religious ceremonies, such as marriages and baptizing children. During these ceremonies, they would leave people's hair hanging down until after dancing; they would then cut the hair and tie it back tightly so that no evil spirits could enter and no good spirits could escape.

Men in Ancient Greece would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the κουρεύς (cureus), in an agora (market place) which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip.

Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barber shops quickly became very popular centres for daily news and gossip. A morning visit to the tonsor became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public baths, and a young man's first shave (tonsura) was considered an essential part of his coming of age ceremony.

A few Roman tonsores became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favourite public locations of high society; however, most were simple tradesmen, who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed surgery, bloodletting and leeching, fire cupping, enemas, and the extraction of teeth; earning them the name "barber surgeons". The barber pole, featuring red and white spiraling stripes, symbolized different aspects of the craft. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.

19th CENTURY AND LATER

Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in helping to develop African American culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory microcosm of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's bar, to be somebody."Late in the 19th century there were several noteworthy events in the barber profession that gave it an upward trend, and the effects are still carrying onward and upward. In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession were ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.

In the early 1900s an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the USA.

The barber Sam Mature, whose interview with Studs Terkel was published in Terkel's 1974 book Working, says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or passed away. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."

Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth.

Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the USA, barber training is carried out at "Barber Schools".

Cost—Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.

Length—Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.

Curriculum—The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.

WIKIPEDIA

I knew almost nothing about this roller-coaster before I strapped myself in for the ride - like for instance that it had SEVEN inversions amongst other death- and gravity-defying moves. Daniel told me it wasn't a rough riding, herky-jerky coaster, that it was a real smooth ride ... and I didn't notice beforehand that there weren't any other riders 'my age' ...

It was Silent Scream until just after the third inversion ... at which point I was able to catch my breath and scream ... along with everyone else!!

-----------------------------------

Montu, an inverted roller coaster at Busch Gardens Africa in Tampa, Florida, holds the record for the number of inversions on an inverted coaster with seven.

Inversions: 104-foot Vertical Loop, Immelmann, Zero-G Roll, Batwing, 60-foot Vertical Loop, Corkscrew

Montu, named after the Egyptian god of war Menthu, was designed by Bolliger & Mabillard of Switzerland - it is the park's second roller coaster designed by the company after the success of Kumba. The ride opened on May 16, 1996, and at its opening was the world's tallest and fastest inverted roller coaster. It is still one of the tallest and longest inverted roller coasters in the world. The ride stands at 150 feet tall and reaches 60 miles per hour.

The ride begins with a small dip turnaround out of the station. After the dip comes the lift hill that takes riders 150 feet into the sky. The drop then twists down 128 feet and into a 104 foot tall vertical loop, reaching speeds that go over 60 miles per hour. Following the vertical loop, an Immelmann loop comes next, and provides a 'foot chopper' element with the pylon. After completing the Immelmann, the train goes through a zero-G roll. Following the zero-G roll, riders are then flipped upside down twice during the Batwing element (a rare element found on inverted roller coasters). Following the Batwing, the trains slow down on the block brake before entering a twisting dive to the right and going through a 66-foot tall vertical loop and then into sweeping arches finishing off with a corkscrew finale. The batwing is two inversions, bringing the total to seven inversions. After the corkscrew, the 3 minute ride is over.

INVERSIONS:

The vertical loop is the most basic of roller coaster inversions. Specifically, the loop refers to a continuously upward-sloping section of track that eventually results in a complete 360 degree circle. At the top-most piece of the loop, riders are completely inverted.

An Immelmann loop is a popular inversion found on many roller coasters. In an Immelmann, riders enter a half loop and then go through a half twist and curve out in the opposite direction in which they came. The name "Immelmann" comes from Max Immelmann, a German pilot, who created the similar aircraft maneuver in World War I.

A zero-gravity roll is a roller coaster inversion, and is alternately called a "heartline spin" because its center of gravity is placed on the center of the rider's heart. The name for the roll comes from that fact that the rider feels a zero g-force, giving the feeling of weightlessness. Essentially, a zero-gravity roll is a hill with a 360 degree twist in the middle.

A batwing is a heart-shaped roller coaster inversion that consists of two loops that turn riders upside down twice. The train goes into a mini-reverse sidewinder, followed by a mini-sidewinder. The batwing has different names depending on the manufacturer - it is also called a boomerang.

The corkscrew (B&M: flat spin/ wing over) is a roller coaster inversion which most often resembles a loop that has been 'widened' in terms of the element's entrance and exit points being a distance away from each other. The main difference is that riders are inverted at a point angled 90° horizontally from the incoming track, whereas in a loop, the inversion comes parallel to the track, but traveling in the opposite direction. It is so named due to its resemblance to the corkscrew tool used to remove corks from bottles. Riders enter the corkscrew element and are transported significantly to the left or right while being flipped upside down 360 degrees.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_coaster_elements)

Location: Busch Gardens (Africa, Egypt section)

Type: Steel - Inverted Multielement

Train Mfg: Bolliger and Mabillard

Opened: May 16, 1996

Model: Inverted Coaster

Height: 150 ft (46 m)

Drop: 128 ft (39 m)

Length: 3,983 ft (1,214 m)

Max speed: 60 mph (97 km/h)

Inversions: 7

Duration: 3:00 minutes

Max vertical angle: 50°

Max g-force: 3.85

Min g-force: 0

Focus on Eldercare's response to COVID-19

At the purpose when the noxious impacts of COVID-19 showed first in Wuhan, the entire city and therefore the entire of Hubei Province ground to a halt. The lockdown of Wuhan brought remarkable torment and threatening difficulties for several individual occupants therein first focus. Presently, COVID-19 represents those equivalent difficulties for individuals and social welfare frameworks all-inclusive. Especially, it tests our aggregate endeavors to believe one another, particularly the foremost defenseless among us.

As a populace, individuals quite 70 will generally have more fragile insusceptible frameworks and progressively fundamental conditions that obstruct their capacity to battle the infection. They're likewise sure to dwell on bunch day to day environments, nearby people. Floods of COVID-19 passings in nursing homes — first within the Seattle territory, at that time on the brink of Sacramento and now during the country — have underscored this inauspicious reality. Up until now, Californians quite 65 have made up, at any rate, a fourth of the state's affirmed instances of COVID-19.

Be that because it may, guidelines, especially for helping living offices, are unsafely failing to satisfy the expectations in protecting California's older folks from this infection. Luck, Gov. Gavin Newsom's plan on Aging activity, as of now ongoing, presents an opportunity to forcefully address this peril and find how to secure an enormous number of more seasoned Americans.

Helped living focuses are an aid to the Eldercare business and therefore the enormous corporate proprietors that currently command the market. Simultaneously, in any case, an absence of guideline and oversight of staffing levels and capabilities — particularly prerequisites for on-location doctors and much prepared clinical experts — has left the business defenseless against misuse and unfortunate results. One glaring issue that has got to be tended to: helped living focuses are directed by the state Department of Social Services rather than the Department of Public Health.

In any case, it helped to measure maybe a piece of social welfare and clinical consideration conveyance framework, not only a direction for living. Propelled a year ago, Newsom's plan on Aging has framed a warning advisory group, is holding open gatherings and within the fall is planned to offer a 10-year plan which will address issues from lodging and vagrancy to crisis readiness to manhandle and disrespect. The venture has made a "Value Committee" to urge a contribution from a progressively differing gathering of residents and associations, including agents of the crippled network, Native Americans and other ethnic minorities.

Considering the spreading coronavirus general wellbeing emerging, it's basic that the representative's plan on Aging takes on an expansive and genuine open arrangement job. We weren't bothered with elevated level clichés for tending to the wants of the old. We'd like solid arrangements, solid guidelines with implementation teeth and a guarantee to continued oversight.

The Age of COVID-19

Older people who get themselves out of the blue alone without authority over their conditions are at specific hazards for an assortment of serious, even hazardous, physical and psychological well-being conditions, including a subjective decrease. Limitations on the opportunity of development ought to be proportionate and not founded solely on age.

COVID-19, as different irresistible melodies, represents a higher hazard to populaces that live in nearness. This hazard is especially intense in nursing or matured consideration offices, where the infection can spread quickly and has just brought about numerous passings. About 1.5 million older people individuals live in the nursing homes in the US, barring helped living offices and different settings making nearness.

Twenty-three individuals kicked the bucket in a flare-up at an office in Washington State in February and March, and the US Centers for Disease Control detailed 400 additional cases in offices as of April 1. On March 31, wellbeing experts in the Grand East district of France detailed 570 passings of older people in nursing homes.

Older people often end up in nursing homes due to governments' inability to offer adequate social types of assistance for individuals to live freely in the network, approaches that have put millions at included danger of getting the infection as a result of their organization. Governments ought to guarantee the progression of network-based administrations with the goal that individuals don't wind up in organizations without different alternatives.

Expound now on the roles played via care laborers in continuing the lives of the old during that emergency, and who, however dreadful themselves, by and by remain day in and outing inside the bounds of their wards to offer fundamental consideration.

Care supervisor Chang, the woman in charge of the consideration laborers among whom I led my hands-on work, coordinated the change of her ward into a self-sufficient fixed of a unit of care. The passage to her floor is carefully monitored; just fundamental conveyances are permitted, for instance, nourishment and clothing. Since nobody can enter or leave the structure, the flask for the older was transformed into a dozing region for care laborers. Despite the very fact that a lot of consideration laborers have their circle of relatives to require care of, they put that piece of their life under the control of others. Care specialist Lin, whose spouse died at the start of the pandemic, did not have the chance to completely grieve his passing due to incessant understaffing at Sunlight. She came back to figure following the burial service, despite realizing that she not, at now expected to figure at Sunlight to hide her significant other's clinical costs. Lin's arrival says much regarding her promise to her calling, to her colleagues, and to the old she had come to understand so well. My examination with care laborers recommends that it's an enthusiastic association and an awareness of other's expectations that propels them to remain the end of the day in care work. This is often borne out immediately.

Carefully add China is often seen as being grimy and unfortunate, thanks to an excellent extension to its nearby hook up with the realistic consideration required by slight, skilled bodies. Chinese consideration laborers are for the foremost part provincial to urban transients or urban specialists laid far away from previous state-claimed processing plants. In any case, direct consideration is intricate. In any case, its unpredictability goes unrecognized, or maybe disregarded by institutional powers that organize benefits and generalize the old as bodies to chip away at, to the disregard of their social-passionate necessities. As is valid with Sunlight, things which might typically undermine the keenness of care laborers, for instance, the absence of institutional acknowledgment for his or her enthusiastic work, are required to be postponed. Care specialists are currently centered around a shared objective: ensuring the gift assistance of the older. COVID-19 propels care laborers to consider what kind of care is required and the way to offer that care. It fills in as a channel through which the elemental beliefs of care are observed. Care is about common human weakness and our intrinsic association. Care laborers at Sunlight, in their aggregate every minute of everyday endeavors to secure the older, typify this ethic through their consideration. May the respectful regard, they hold of the older in their consideration redound on them and everyone consideration laborers overall who are fighting this pandemic on the bleeding edge!

Like the consideration laborers at Sunlight, the laborers in numerous nations are regarded human life so that we cannot be embarrassed to return clean with the leading edge about ourselves. Salute the spearheading staff who salutes our purposeful endeavors to handle the pandemic in numerous settings around the globe, within the daylight, yet additionally to ensure that veterans are appropriately treated, took care of and washed.

We all hope and pray that the coronavirus will soon be controlled and subdued. And that when the crisis is behind us, that we continue the important work of protecting the elderly and other vulnerable segments of our citizenry.

DONATE paypal.me/pools/c/8obn2hcLVG

How Can I Contribute in Times of COVID-19?

Write your testimony about the concequences from the time of Corona virus (COVID-19). Here is a great knowledge base about the effects of the Corona virus. Thank you for your story! article-directory.org/article/717/40/Emergency-Situations...

Foto del Albertosaurus del museo de historia natural de Londres.

Cuando lo vi me dije: este va a necesitar procesado pero tiene que quedar como una película de terror antigua.

Más o menos efecto conseguido.

Darktable:

- Default modules (orientation, base curve and sharpen)

- Crop and rotate

- Shadows and highlights

- Equalizer (increase luma in middle)

- Tone curve (med contrast)

- Color correction for the oldish color effect

- Monochrome

- Vignetting

- Denoise (two instances)

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist in Lindogon, Sibonga in Cebu province is run by Marian monks. The place is where several instances of the phenomena ~ whereby the image of the Virgin Mary shed tears in several instances starting in 1998. It is now very popular for Marian pilgrims and devotees who flock to the palace-like monastery. This transformed the once sleepy barangay into a popular destination. Daily, the monastery is visited by thousands of devotees from all over the country and even from foreign tourists. This crown structure is memorial of the victorious and powerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mother thru the Penitential Rosary Walk in 1998, against the killer epidemic hat struck the place, where several lives of poor children and infants had died. Built to honour Mary on the 8th year anniversary of the Monks arrival in Lindogon. Blessed on the 27th day of February, 2004.”

There are available coloured candles near the monastery. Proceeds of the candles will give part to the monks for funds. The following are coloured candles with its own purpose.

Gold: Healing (Good health, Recovery, Spiritual, Family Tree)

Green: Prosperity/Success (Exams, Study, Financial, Business)

Blue: Perseverance (Employment, Career, Assignment, Promotions)

Violet: Achievement (Plans in life, Struggles, Endeavours, Journeys, Voyage)

Red: Love (Utility, Friendship, Engagement, Family)

Yellow: Peace (Courage, Strength, Hope)

White: Purity (Enlightenment, Guidance, Right Path)

Orange: Reconciliation (Sweetheart, Wife, Husband, Enemy, Family)

Pink: Thanksgiving/Happiness/Joy (Spiritual, Physical)

Black: Souls (Forgiveness, Pardon)

Brown: Vocation (Marriage Bond, God’s Servant, Single life)

Grey: Deliverance (Bad ways, Things, Spirits)

Cream: Conversion/Faith (Children, Household, Couples)

A gentle reminder from the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, the following guidelines must be strictly followed and not allowed to wear inside the Monastery: wearing of tube & short blouses/dresses, fitting & transparent pants, spaghetti straps/sleeveless dress, mini skirts, shorts. While taking you to the Monastery, it is required to remove footwear before entering the Mother Mary’s prayer room. Cameras flash should be turned off while taking pictures so as not to interrupt/destruct others when praying. All Catholic & Non-Catholic are advised to please respect and observe solemnity inside the Church. Smoking is prohibited inside the premises. Parking area is situated to the right side of the entrance.

If you are from Cebu City taking you through Sibonga town proper to estimate of 50 kilometres southeast or travel time for about 2-hours and can be reached via any of the buses (air con/non air-con) that leaves regularly for Sibonga from the South Bus Terminal along N. Bacalso Ave. in Cebu City. Bus fare is less than a hundred pesos. The place is famous among all passengers, just ask the conductor to drop you off to the crossing in going to Birhen sa Simala. Mary’s pilgrimage is few kilometres away from the drop off point and you can reach the destination by riding in a motorcycles for hire habal-habal or public tricycles. The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist opens daily from 8:00 am - 6:00 pm.

One of two instances of surprisingly bad design on my 2007 Toyota Corolla, which is otherwise a very well-designed car.

This is the wiper control. To turn the wipers on, you push the lever down. This is backwards. I associate "on" with "up" (example: the common household light switch). I've had this car for nearly two years, and I still find myself occasionally pushing the lever down when I want the wipers to turn off. This just makes the wipers go faster, which is quite irritating.

Elise de Vere. Théâtre Marigny. French postcard. Photo: Lucien Waléry, Paris.

Elise de Vere was an English actress/singer of the music-hall and opera around 1900. In 1899 she won second prize in a beauty contest at the Paris Olympia theatre, announced as 'chanteuse excentrique'. Around 1900 she was a stage diva in Europe and America. In 1903 for instance she played in the Flo Ziegfeld Broadway opera Red Feather, which ran rom November 1903 to April 1904, first at the Lyrical Theatre, then the Grand Opera House.

See also commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lucien_Walery and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%c3%a9%c3%a2tre_Marigny

One of those instances I'm glad I stopped for (and captured at something other than f/1.2!).

Day 19 of the new 50mm

Once every few months I like to make my way to one of the vantage points from where I can see the entire Dubai skyline. Unlike most cities in the world, where the skyline doesn’t change very often, Dubai’s skyline is an ever-changing feature. And with the construction book seemingly on its way back, new buildings are starting to pop-up again like mushrooms after the rain.

I took this shot on Friday evening and although initially I rushed to this spot to photograph some beautiful clouds that were formed briefly behind the buildings, I didn’t make it on time. The clouds were all gone, but I was happy with getting a simpler photograph of the Dubai skyline. I used an ND filter for this one just to get a few extra seconds of exposures in order to flatten out any ripples in the water.

On a different note, this coming Saturday I’m running another instance of my always popular blue hour and night photography workshop with GPP. The workshop is already sold-out, but you can always add yourselves on the waiting list to be notified when we will run the next one or if anyone drops out at the last minute.

To view the original shot (straight from the camera) visit the blog entry here: www.momentaryawe.com/blog/a-growing-skyline/

Le chat domestique (Felis silvestris catus) est un mammifère carnivore de la famille des félidés. Il est l’un des principaux animaux de compagnie et compte aujourd’hui une cinquantaine de races différentes reconnues par les instances de certification. Dans de nombreux pays, le chat entre dans le cadre de la législation sur les carnivores domestiques à l’instar du chien et du furet.

Essentiellement territorial, le chat est un prédateur de petites proies comme les rongeurs ou les oiseaux. Les chats ont diverses vocalisations dont les ronronnements, les miaulements, ou les grognements, bien qu’ils communiquent principalement par des positions faciales et corporelles et des phéromones. Selon les résultats de travaux menés en 2006 et 20071, le chat domestique est une sous-espèce du chat sauvage (Felis silvestris) dont son ancêtre, le chat sauvage d’Afrique (Felis silvestris lybica) a vraisemblablement divergé il y a 130 000 ans. Les premières domestications auraient eu lieu il y a 8 000 à 10 000 ans au Néolithique dans le Croissant fertile, époque correspondant au début de la culture de céréales et à l’engrangement de réserves susceptibles d’être attaquées par des rongeurs, le chat devenant alors pour l’homme un auxiliaire utile se prêtant à la domestication.

Tout d’abord vénéré par les Égyptiens, il fut diabolisé en Europe au Moyen Âge et ne retrouva ses lettres de noblesse qu’au XVIIIe siècle. En Asie, le chat reste synonyme de chance, de richesse ou de longévité. Ce félin a laissé son empreinte dans la culture populaire et artistique, tant au travers d’expressions populaires que de représentations diverses au sein de la littérature, de la peinture ou encore de la musique.

The domestic cat[ (Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus) is a small, usually furry, domesticated, and carnivorous mammal. It is often called the housecat when kept as an indoor pet, or simply the cat when there is no need to distinguish it from other felids and felines. Cats are often valued by humans for companionship and their ability to hunt vermin and household pests.

Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche. Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals. They can see in near darkness. Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.

Despite being solitary hunters, cats are a social species, and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling and grunting) as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.

Cats have a rapid breeding rate. Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by neutering, and the abandonment of former household pets, has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, requiring population control.[8]

Since cats were cult animals in ancient Egypt, they were commonly believed to have been domesticated there,[9] but there may have been instances of domestication as early as the Neolithic from around 9500 years ago (7500 BC).[10]

A genetic study in 2007 concluded that domestic cats are descended from African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) c. 8000 BC, in the Near East.[9][11] According to Scientific American, cats are the most popular pet in the world, and are now found in almost every place where humans live

The counterpart photo to the previous post, this is my first instance of getting a daylight shot at 84 Lumber as Y202 pulls one empty.

2022 was a very goal oriented year for me behind the camera. A very specific list of shots guided me throughout the year, offering challenge after challenge just waiting for luck to turn at every corner. That list of shots was primarily comprised of industries as always, industries which are often worked after sunset, but under the right circumstances occasionally seeing daylight.

84 Lumber, as the old adage goes, is no exception. Well, at least this location specifically, located near QC 429 on the CSX Buffalo Terminal Subdivision. At one point, there were four locations in Western New York served by rail. One of these is in Tonawanda, which used to be a toss-up between day and night depending on the surrounding industry work, but due to one business leaving the railroad game and a change to operations, is now almost always worked first when there is a car to spot. A third rail-served location existed near CP 21 on the Niagara Branch, but closed for good some number of years ago and has yet to be redeveloped. A fourth location sits on Buffalo & Pittsburgh's old Third Sub in Orchard Park, however B&P decided it no longer wanted to serve this location, despite the business making repairs to its own spur in anticipation of continued business. Service ceased in the mid to late 2010s.

Adding to the challenge of shooting Depew in daylight were several factors of Y202's job. Nowadays 84 sits on a M/W/F schedule, along with Nabisco on the Belt Line west of Frontier Yard, and the A Industrial branch at QC 431. Nabisco at this time was still consistently worked on all three of its service days, pretty much always first, followed by a shove through the yard, or pulling south down to the main and shoving eight miles out to 84 from QC 437. The factors to contend with were always how long it takes to get out of the yard, battling with both the second shift remote switcher and any road train attempting to depart the yard west, followed by how long the switch at Nabisco takes, then finding an opening to shove out to 429. The switch for 84 Lumber sits on track four, which is also a common track to stage crewless trains on at 429, thus blocking Y202 from performing its duties altogether, until a crew is called, or sometimes actively crewed trains waiting on inbound traffic so they may start their journey east. And lastly, the conductor has to be able to work at a moderate pace. With a start time of 1559 hours, at peak sunlight in June that leaves five hours to make it to 84 Lumber in daylight. And yet time after time, I was let down. In fact in late May, they made it out in daylight, only to shove the entire train down the spur to grab an empty rather than going in light power. That was the closest I got in the early going...

In late June of 2022, miraculously all these factors and more combined to give me a fighting chance. A Friday evening, normally I would have been at work, but since my band had a show scheduled that night, I switched to a morning shift. Our singer got stuck in Virginia after visiting his girlfriend, with inclement weather and tornadic activity canceling his flight home, resulting in us dropping the show and my night suddenly free. For what was the first time that year according to the engineer, Nabisco did not need a switch. Unbeknownst to me, an empty car still remained at 84 after two were delivered on Monday that week. I had the Broadcastify feed running for Buffalo to listen for things to shoot that evening, and Y202 called at the east end of Frontier to head straight for 84 Lumber. The night before, having been out with Rodney on L035 on Lockport, he told me that in his opinion a shot in daylight would be impossible. And yet there I found myself less than 24 hours later. Never tell me the odds. I love to defy them.

Gbadolite, province de l'Equateur, RD Congo : Le Ministre de la défense, des anciens combattants et de la réinsertion, Aimé Ngoy Mukena, accompagné du Représentant spécial adjoint du Secrétaire général de l’ONU en RDC, David Gressly, et de la Directrice de la section de DDR/RR de la MONUSCO, Mme Taz Greyling, saluent les ex-combattants en instance de transfert vers les sites de regroupement de Kitona et Kamina. Photo MONUSCO/Abel Kavanagh

===

Gbadolite, Equateur province, DR Congo : The Minister of Defence, Veterans and Reintegration, Aimé Ngoy Mukena, accompanied by the Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in the DRC, David Gressly, and the Director the DDR/RR Section of MONUSCO, Mme Taz Greyling, greet former combatants about to be transferred to cantonment sites in Kitona and Kamina. Photo MONUSCO/Abel Kavanagh

Upon some points a believer is absolutely sure. He knows, for instance, that God sits in the stern-sheets of the vessel when it rocks most. He believes that an invisible hand is always on the world’s tiller, and that wherever providence may drift, Jehovah steers it. That re-assuring knowledge prepares him for everything. He looks over the raging waters and sees the spirit of Jesus treading the billows, and he hears a voice saying, “It is I, be not afraid” He knows too that God is always wise, and, knowing this, he is confident that there can be no accidents, no mistakes; that nothing can occur which ought not to arise. He can say, “If I should lose all I have, it is better that I should lose than have, if God so wills: the worst calamity is the wisest and the kindest thing that could befall to me if God ordains it” “We know that all things work together for good to them that love God” The Christian does not merely hold this as a theory, but he knows it as a matter of fact. Everything has worked for good as yet; the poisonous drugs mixed in fit proportions have worked the cure; the sharp cuts of the lancet have cleansed out the proud flesh and facilitated the healing. Every event as yet has worked out the most divinely blessed results; and so, believing that God rules all, that he governs wisely, that he brings good out of evil, the believer’s heart is assured, and he is enabled calmly to meet each trial as it comes. The believer can in the spirit of true resignation pray, “Send me what thou wilt, my God, so long as it comes from thee; never came there an ill portion from thy table to any of thy children” “Say not my soul, ‘From whence can God relieve my care?’ Remember that Omnipotence has servants everywhere. His method is sublime, his heart profoundly kind, God never is before his time, and never is behind.”

My prayer,

Oh Father in Heaven guide our path today and forgive us our forthcoming sins. Sorry for everything Father. Make our heart warm and clean and our thoughts genuine. Keep us away from harm, our lips from insignificant words. Show us mercy Lord.

Help us survive today with victory. In Jesus Name, Amen.

Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters

The Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters (colloquially referred to as "landl" (Landesgericht)) is one of 20 regional courts in Austria and the largest court in Austria. It is located in the 8th District of Vienna, Josefstadt, at the Landesgerichtsstraße 11. It is a court of first respectively second instance. A prisoners house, the prison Josefstadt, popularly often known as the "Grey House" is connected.

Court Organization

In this complex there are:

the Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna,

the Vienna District Attorney (current senior prosecutor Maria-Luise Nittel)

the Jurists association-trainee lawer union (Konzipientenverband) and

the largest in Austria existing court house jail, the Vienna Josefstadt prison.

The Regional Criminal Court has jurisdiction in the first instance for crimes and offenses that are not pertain before the district court. Depending on the severity of the crime, there is a different procedure. Either decides

a single judge,

a senate of lay assessors

or the jury court.

In the second instance, the District Court proceeds appeals and complaints against judgments of district courts. A three-judge Court decides here whether the judgment is canceled or not and, if necessary, it establishes a new sentence.

The current President Friedrich Forsthuber is supported by two Vice Presidents - Henriette Braitenberg-Zennenberg and Eve Brachtel.

In September 2012, the following data have been published

Austria's largest court

270 office days per year

daily 1500 people

70 judges, 130 employees in the offices

5300 proceedings (2011) for the custodial judges and legal protection magistrates, representing about 40 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work

over 7400 procedures at the trial judges (30 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work)

Prosecution with 93 prosecutors and 250 employees

19,000 cases against 37,000 offenders (2011 )

Josefstadt prison with 1,200 inmates (overcrowded)

History

1839-1918

The original building of the Vienna Court House, the so-called civil Schranne (corn market), was from 1440 to 1839 located at the Hoher Markt 5. In 1773 the Schrannenplatz was enlarged under Emperor Joseph II and the City Court and the Regional Court of the Viennese Magistrate in this house united. From this time it bore the designation "criminal court".

Due to shortcomings of the prison rooms in the Old Court on Hoher Markt was already at the beginning of the 19th Century talk of building a new crime courthouse, but this had to be postponed because of bankruptcy in 1811.

In 1816 the construction of the criminal court building was approved. Although in the first place there were voices against a construction outside the city, as building ground was chosen the area of the civil Schießstätte (shooting place) and the former St. Stephanus-Freithofes in then Alservorstadt (suburb); today, in this part Josefstadt. The plans of architect Johann Fischer were approved in 1831, and in 1832 was began with the construction, which was completed in 1839. On 14 May 1839 was held the first meeting of the Council.

Provincial Court at the Landesgerichtsstraße between November 1901 and 1906

Johann Fischer fell back in his plans to Tuscan early Renaissance palaces as the Pitti Palace or Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence. The building was erected on a 21,872 m² plot with a length of 223 meters. It had two respectively three floors (upper floors), the courtyard was divided into three wings, in which the prisoner's house stood. In addition, a special department for the prison hospital (Inquisitenspital ) and a chapel were built.

The Criminal Court of Vienna was from 1839 to 1850 a city court which is why the Vice Mayor of Vienna was president of the criminal courts in civil and criminal matters at the same time. In 1850 followed the abolition of municipal courts. The state administration took over the Criminal Court on 1 Juli 1850. From now on, it had the title "K.K. Country's criminal court in Vienna".

1851, juries were introduced. Those met in the large meeting hall, then as now, was on the second floor of the office wing. The room presented a double height space (two floors). 1890/1891 followed a horizontal subdivision. Initially, the building stood all alone there. Only with the 1858 in the wake of the demolition of the city walls started urban expansion it was surrounded by other buildings.

From 1870 to 1878, the Court experienced numerous conversions. Particular attention was paid to the tract that connects directly to the Alserstraße. On previously building ground a three-storey arrest tract and the Jury Court tract were built. New supervened the "Neutrakt", which presented a real extension and was built three respectively four storied. From 1873 on, executions were not executed publicly anymore but only in the prison house. The first execution took place on 16 December 1876 in the "Galgenhof" (gallow courtyard), the accused were hanged there on the Würgegalgen (choke gallow).

By 1900 the prisoners house was extended. In courtyard II of the prison house kitchen, laundry and workshop buildings and a bathing facility for the prisoners were created. 1906/1907 the office building was enlarged. The two-storied wing tract got a third and three-storied central section a fourth floor fitted.

1918-1938

In the early years of the First Republic took place changes of the court organization. Due to the poor economy and the rapid inflation, the number of cases and the number of inmates rose sharply. Therefore, it was in Vienna on 1 October 1920 established a second Provincial Court, the Regional Court of Criminal Matters II Vienna, as well as an Expositur of the prisoner house at Garnisongasse.

One of the most important trials of the interwar period was the shadow village-process (Schattendorfprozess - nomen est omen!), in which on 14th July 1927, the three defendants were acquitted. In January 1927 front fighters had shot into a meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, killing two people. The outrage over the acquittal was great. At a mass demonstration in front of the Palace of Justice on 15th July 1927, which mainly took place in peaceful manner, invaded radical elements in the Palace of Justice and set fire ( Fire of the Palace Justice), after which the overstrained police preyed upon peaceful protesters fleeing from the scene and caused many deaths.

The 1933/1934 started corporate state dictatorship had led sensational processes against their opponents: examples are the National Socialists processes 1934 and the Socialists process in 1936 against 28 "illegal" socialists and two Communists, in which among others the later leaders Bruno Kreisky and Franz Jonas sat on the dock.

Also in 1934 in the wake of the February Fights and the July Coup a series of processes were carried out by summary courts and military courts. Several ended with death sentences that were carried out by hanging in "Galgenhof" of the district court .

1938-1945

The first measures the Nazis at the Regional Criminal Court after the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich in 1938 had carried out, consisted of the erection of a monument to ten Nazis, during the processes of the events in July 1934 executed, and of the creation of an execution space (then space 47 C, today consecration space where 650 names of resistance fighters are shown) with a guillotine supplied from Berlin (then called device F, F (stands for Fallbeil) like guillotine).

During the period of National Socialism were in Vienna Regional Court of 6 December 1938 to 4th April 1945 1.184 persons executed. Of those, 537 were political death sentences against civilians, 67 beheadings of soldiers, 49 war-related offenses, 31 criminal cases. Among those executed were 93 women in all age groups, including a 16-year-old girl and a 72-year-old woman who had both been executed for political reasons.

On 30 June 1942 were beheaded ten railwaymen from Styria and Carinthia, who were active in the resistance. On 31 July 1943, 31 people were beheaded in an hour, a day later, 30. The bodies were later handed over to the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Vienna and remaining body parts buried later without a stir at Vienna's Central Cemetery in shaft graves. To thein the Nazi era executed, which were called "Justifizierte" , belonged the nun Maria Restituta Kafka and the theology student Hannsgeorg Heintschel-Heinegg.

The court at that time was directly subordinated to the Ministry of Justice in Berlin.

1945-present

The A-tract (Inquisitentrakt), which was destroyed during a bombing raid in 1944 was built in the Second Republic again. This was also necessary because of the prohibition law of 8 May 1945 and the Criminal Law of 26 June 1945 courts and prisons had to fight with an overcrowding of unprecedented proportions.

On 24 March 1950, the last execution took place in the Grey House. Women murderer Johann Trnka had two women attacked in his home and brutally murdered, he had to bow before this punishment. On 1 July 1950 the death penalty was abolished in the ordinary procedure by Parliament. Overall, occured in the Regionl Court of Criminal Matters 1248 executions. In 1967, the execution site was converted into a memorial.

In the early 1980s, the building complex was revitalized and expanded. The building in the Florianigasse 8, which previously had been renovated, served during this time as an emergency shelter for some of the departments. In 1994, the last reconstruction, actually the annex of the courtroom tract, was completed. In 2003, the Vienna Juvenile Court was dissolved as an independent court, iIts agendas were integrated in the country's criminal court.

Prominent processes since 1945, for example, the Krauland process in which a ÖVP (Österreichische Volkspartei - Austrian People's Party) minister was accused of offenses against properties, the affair of the former SPÖ (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs - Austrian Socialist Party) Minister and Trade Unions president Franz Olah, whose unauthorized financial assistance resulted in a newspaper establishment led to conviction, the murder affairs Sassak and the of the Lainzer nurses (as a matter of fact, auxiliary nurses), the consumption (Konsum - consumer cooporatives) process, concerning the responsibility of the consumer Manager for the bankruptcy of the company, the Lucona proceedings against Udo Proksch, a politically and socially very well- networked man, who was involved in an attempted insurance fraud, several people losing their lives, the trial of the Nazi Holocaust denier David Irving for Wiederbetätigung (re-engagement in National Socialist activities) and the BAWAG affair in which it comes to breaches of duty by bank managers and vanished money.

Presidents of the Regional Court for Criminal Matters in Vienna since 1839 [edit ]

Josef Hollan (1839-1844)

Florian Philipp (1844-1849)

Eduard Ritter von Wittek (1850-1859)

Franz Ritter von Scharschmied (1859-1864)

Franz Ritter von Boschan (1864-1872)

Franz Josef Babitsch (1873-1874)

Joseph Ritter von Weitenhiller (1874-1881)

Franz Schwaiger (1881-1889)

Eduard Graf Lamezan -Salins (1889-1895)

Julius von Soos (1895-1903)

Paul von Vittorelli (1903-1909)

Johann Feigl (1909-1918)

Karl Heidt (1918-1919)

Ludwig Altmann (1920-1929)

Emil Tursky (1929-1936)

Philipp Charwath (1936-1938)

Otto Nahrhaft (1945-1950)

Rudolf Naumann (1951-1954)

Wilhelm Malaniu (1955-1963)

Johann Schuster (1963-1971)

Konrad Wymetal (1972-1976)

August Matouschek (1977-1989)

Günter Woratsch (1990-2004)

Ulrike Psenner (2004-2009)

Friedrich Forsthuber (since 2010)

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesgericht_f%C3%BCr_Strafsachen_...

Located approximately 50 miles south of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 40 miles north of Chicago, the Zion facility is in the process of being decommissioned. Eventually, the whole structure will be removed even desks and chairs, in short, anything at all that might even have the slightest radioactive contamination; and there will be objects that have it.

The issue here is nuclear plant safety and it applies to all facilities no matter where they are located. The Zion plant is a good example of the numerous issues involved. For instance, what if there had been a situation similar to Fukushima? A double reactor core meltdown and spent fuel pool damage with massive, potentially catastrophic radiation release in a geographical area with a huge population, one much larger than in Fukushima prefecture. How would you protect people or evacuate before they were overtaken by a plume of radiation containing cancer causing fission products like cesium-137 and iodine-131?

Nuclear plants are built on 'design-basis' contingencies. In other words, what the company, NRC, the state in which it is located, and other stakeholders think is likely to happen accident-wise. At Fukushima it was not thought there could ever be a combination of earthquake magnitude 9.0 and a massive tsunami capable of inundating the coastline even though there was historical proof that that area had suffered from massive tsunamis in the past. Consequently, the seawall was not high enough to fight off the tsunami wave that flooded the entire plant and knocked out all power, creating what is known as 'station blackout' where all AC power has been lost. The wave also knocked out the on-site DC generators. With no power the molten reactor core began to boil off the cooling water. The severity of the natural event destroyed nearby roads and infrastructure creating chaos, leaving the facility pretty much isolated. The water boiled away and core meltdown began.

There is a strong argument that all facilities should be constructed on a 'beyond-design-basis' plan. In other words, try to factor in the seeming improbable, unlikely set of events, especially with emphasis on maintaining DC power for days and not just hours in case of a severe accident.

As you can see from the images, the Zion facility looks very vulnerable. The Lake Michigan water level is low, but what is there to prevent it from rising? There's no seawall there to deflect the water. Granted, it is unlikely there could be a tsunami in the lake, but there could be other ways the lake could suddenly rise and flood the plant. This is especially true of other still operating plants that are downstream from dams. What if the dam burst?

LaSalle, Illinois has a boiling water reactor similar to the ones at Fukushima. Could it withstand an F5 tornado? An F5 hit the south suburbs of Chicago in 1990. And the tornado would not have to strike the plant directly. It could knock out all AC power and cripple the plant. Would they be able to maintain cooling long enough before core meltdown began? A fifty mile evacuation zone around LaSalle includes all but the far northern suburbs of Chicago. The plant is built of concrete and reinforced steel; but the winds of an F5 tornado are around 250 to 300 miles an hour. We've all seen news footage of what destruction a tornado can cause. Hard to believe there's any facility that could survive a storm of that ferocity. Don't want to think about that scenario.

The nuclear industry is privately owned and operated for profit. Would companies make very expensive safety improvements if it hurts the precious bottom line? I think the answer to that is pretty clear.

So we all need to be very concerned about what is happening in this industry. Almost every plant in the country, and probably the world, has had some type of accident or radiation release. The chances of accidents happening are numerous, including weather events, fire, equipment failure, aging equipment and, perhaps most importantly of all, human error and the sometimes frailty of the human condition. For instance, the manager of one unnamed plant came to work drunk. A security guard at another once shot himself in the foot. In what is termed force-on-force security testing plant 'invaders', or 'intruders' sometimes win the contest with the security guards and enter the facility.

Back to safety one more time. Spent fuel pools. The spent fuel must be kept cool. The Unit 4 pool at Fukushima is said to have contained 14,000 the amount of radiation released by the Hiroshima atomic bomb. In the United States the tendency is to pack the fuel more densely into the pools to the amount of five times that of Fukushima Unit 4. Do the math.

The Zion plant still has 1500 tons of spent fuel in its pool. Eventually, it is slated to be transferred, or is already being transferred, to dry cask strorage which will be kept on-site and under armed guard indefinitely. Dry casks are concrete and steel containers that are air-cooled.

Information gleaned from the following sources:

Dr. Helen Caldicott and Nuclear Free Planet. org;

Beyond Nuclear.org

Union of Concerned Scientists.org and the book entitled 'Fukushima: The Story of a Nuclear Disaster

NEIS.org

and various other sources too numerous to mention.

A 'good' documentary to watch is called Chernobyl Heart. You can find it on You Tube.

In this instance, the stick is set to a measure (line length) of 24 ems. You hold the stick in your left hand, holding the type in place with your thumb. Three or four lines is a sensible amount to keep in the stick at one time before transferring it to the galley; it's also a sensible weight.

Do not drop the type.

Painted bodies for the July 2021 Body Beautiful First Friday Art Walk in Gulfport, Florida.

Please credit Visit Gulfport Florida/Vicky Dittman in every instance of re-use/

The purpose of this project is to research a social issue through photography. I chose to examine the health issues which exist nowadays. I shot many different factors which affect health, for instance, as fruits and vegetables maintain a balanced body condition, alcohol and junk food do the exact opposite. The top pictures represent disadvantages as the bottom benefits.

As I brainstormed image ideas for my topic, the first thought which come to mind was different types of medication such as vitamins and pills, hence my center image. I placed a few medicine containers in a manner where a few bottles are exposed to the sunlight while the rest aren’t. I find the transition from the high exposure in the front to the low exposure in the back intriguing.

The top left picture is of a woman smoking a cigarette. I made sure to focus on the cigarette, as the background and the woman’s face are quite blurry. A single cigarette contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer - therefore it’s quite self explanatory of how unhealthy they are and what kind of damage they can cause to one’s lungs.

To the right is an image of several junk foods including soda, potato chips, and oreo cookies. These snacks contain large amounts of sugar which is concerning since children consume them on a daily basis. I enhanced the saturation to make the green and red colors more vibrant.

Under the top left picture is an image of a woman drinking a bottle of beer. Drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages can cause severe damage to one’s liver and brain, which is hazardous as it is life threatening.

To the right of the sugary snacks image is a picture of a McDonald’s place. Fast food served in places of this kind is extremely unhealthy as it is greasy, sugary, and fattening. I enhanced the saturation to make the red and yellow colors stand out from the blue sky.

Another image to the right is of a beloved beverage all around the globe - coffee. I made sure to completely focus on the drink. Unfortunately, the yummy drink is immensely unhealthy as it is consisted of large amounts of caffeine and sugar. Coffee shops are everywhere and the drink is constantly consumed, creating a serious health issue.

Below that is a picture of a boy deeply concentrated on his cell phone and laptop. Although technology has its benefits, it is also a source of obsession among children, teenagers, and even adults. Not to mention the damage it may cause to eyesight.

Moving on to the benefits; underneath is an image of frozen yogurt. I focused on the cup and kept the shop logo blurry. Frozen yogurt is a great alternative for ice cream as the taste is almost identical yet the large amounts of sugar being consumed are cut. This image is meant to display how important it is to prevent eating the sugary foods the world has to offer, and try finding healthier alternatives for them.

Further down is a picture of a boy drinking water. I zoomed in on his face and concentrated on it. It is important to hydrate yourself constantly to prevent dehydration and any kind of sun damage.

The bottom right image is of a fruit bowl containing grapes, apples, and bananas. I increased the saturation to enhance the colors of the image. Fruits are a healthy snack for an unexpected sweet tooth.

To the left is a stopped motion picture of a boy playing with a soccer ball. I enhanced the vibrancy of it to make it more colorful. This image is meant to display the significance of taking part in physical activities.

To the left is a picture of a boy enjoying vegetables, and raising a carrot to his forehead making him look like a unicorn. I increased the saturation to make the colors of the vegetables pop.

The bottom left image is a stopped motion of a basketball mid air, aimed towards the hoop. I enhanced the colors of the image by increasing the saturation. This is also meant to represent the significance of participating in physical activities.

Above that is a picture of a boy’s face protected from the sun by a hat. I zoomed in on the upper portion of the boy’s face to capture this shot. Sun protection such as head-wear and sunblock is essential to prevent skin diseases and dehydration.

The last picture is of a boy sleeping. I shot it in a way where only his head is exposed to the sunlight. I brightened the pic to make sure his body wasn’t too underexposed. Sleeping for at least 8 hours every night is important to stay energized and productive.

All in all, this project broadened my knowledge of current health issues. It raised my awareness of the matter and hopefully it did for you too.

As mentioned elsewhere, faeces are less taboo in Japan and Japanese people are more likely to discuss their faeces with members of their immediate family for instance. Presumably to encourage discussion and awareness of faeces, the Japanese Toilet Research Association has released a song and promotional video called "The Poo Poo Song" (or "faeces excercise dance") for which this is a screen shot of the promotional video, which can be seen on Youtube.

The realease of the music was announed in in various news articles.

The music can be purchased here.　I have ordered a copy at ten dollars plus postage.

Where there is an English version, which has a preview. The English words are

How's your tummy, hows your poopy

Dr. Poopalot has this to say,

Chew your breakfast, chew it chew it

After breakfast poopy do,

Shiny poopy, rocky poopy, skinny poopy, slimy pooh

Shiny poopy, rocky poopy, skinny poopy, slimy pooh

Shine pooh is very healthy

when you....

The full Japanese words, are listed here.

These vintage Gillette date codes allow you to do some detective work. For instance, the numbers here show this Old Type was manufactured on the eve of World War I.

The production code here, stamped on the head of the razor, is C456,18x - I can’t make out the final digit – it could be a five, six or eight, or possibly a three. But never mind, because we have enough information to go on. According to the Gillette dating wiki over on Badger and Blade, the company used productions codes C407,807 through C578,360 in 1914.

A very rough calculation suggests the codes would have advanced roughly 14,200 each month through 1914, if you assume a steady rate of production. This, then, would date mine - in the 450,000's - to around March 1914.

Warming to the theme, I’d feel pretty safe in saying that the brassing to the head and the end of the handle, which cannot be entirely seen in this picture, shows that it’s been used over a long period of time. I’d say it was shaving through World War I, the Great Depression, World War II and the greater part of the Cold War.

How can I say that? When I bought it, the razor held a Gillette Super Stainless Steel blade from 1979/'80. (It carried the production code A3, and you can track those down, too.)

Was it used between 1914 and 1980? That’s a period of 66 years. Quite probably, although I’d guess it had more than one owner during this time and so maybe took the occaisional time out. I’d also guess it got set aside at the start of the eighties, before making its way, via an eBay seller, to me in 2011. I've cleaned it up and put it back to use.

This picture also shows the three-part design. The top plate screws into a holder which runs up the inside of the hollow handle. This design neatly pulls the top plate downwards when you are replacing a razor blade. This also means the razor is adjustable - slacken the 'nut' at the end of the razor for an even more scarily aggressive ride. It's a beautifully simple design.

But above all I’m a history nut, and I’m drawn to the First World War. I love the idea of my cleaning and polishing this item and putting it back to the use it was manufactured for.

More about the cleaning process here: www.flickr.com/photos/38722915@N04/5770093082/in/photostream

And here's a great picture I found elsewhere on Flickr to show what the fashionable lady of March 1914 was wearing: www.flickr.com/photos/christine592/3361830346/

And here's the Gillette dating wiki: wiki.badgerandblade.com/index.php/US_Gillette_Dating_Info...

LONDON: Former champion Roger federer mentioned he was “devastated” that Wimbledon has been canceled for the primary time since World Struggle II due to the coronavirus. Wimbledon chiefs pulled the…

www.todaymynews.in/2020/04/02/federer-devastated-as-wimbl...

Duration: 1 minute 23 seconds

A view of the sky, sea and the end of Brighton Pier in the gloaming after sunset, at the end of a clear, sunny day. There was a very slight fog / sea mist in the air. Seen from the South Coast Road in Brighton, East Sussex.

There is a short, very fast preview.

In the main section, the time has been speeded up over 30 times. This was done continuously for the sky, and by blending about 10 short clips (using long "cross dissolves") for the lower pier and sea section. This was done so that the waves and fairground attractions did not appear unnaturally speeded up.

The real total duration of the clip is 45 minutes.

Because of the very wide range of illumination levels over time, the camera was set to use auto white balance and auto-exposure throughout. (At the beginning the "use ND (Neutral Density) filter" warning was flashing (too much light); at the end even with full extra electronic gain being used (12dB, about 4 stops) the aperture warning was flashing at maximum (too little light). Note how the initially relatively feeble incandescent chaser lights on the pier come to dominate towards the end. Although necessary in this instance, using auto-exposure did result in some noticeable "exposure jitter" when the clip was speeded up, because the automatic camera readjustments were so frequent.

Focus on Eldercare's response to COVID-19

At the purpose when the noxious impacts of COVID-19 showed first in Wuhan, the entire city and therefore the entire of Hubei Province ground to a halt. The lockdown of Wuhan brought remarkable torment and threatening difficulties for several individual occupants therein first focus. Presently, COVID-19 represents those equivalent difficulties for individuals and social welfare frameworks all-inclusive. Especially, it tests our aggregate endeavors to believe one another, particularly the foremost defenseless among us.

As a populace, individuals quite 70 will generally have more fragile insusceptible frameworks and progressively fundamental conditions that obstruct their capacity to battle the infection. They're likewise sure to dwell on bunch day to day environments, nearby people. Floods of COVID-19 passings in nursing homes — first within the Seattle territory, at that time on the brink of Sacramento and now during the country — have underscored this inauspicious reality. Up until now, Californians quite 65 have made up, at any rate, a fourth of the state's affirmed instances of COVID-19.

Be that because it may, guidelines, especially for helping living offices, are unsafely failing to satisfy the expectations in protecting California's older folks from this infection. Luck, Gov. Gavin Newsom's plan on Aging activity, as of now ongoing, presents an opportunity to forcefully address this peril and find how to secure an enormous number of more seasoned Americans.

Helped living focuses are an aid to the Eldercare business and therefore the enormous corporate proprietors that currently command the market. Simultaneously, in any case, an absence of guideline and oversight of staffing levels and capabilities — particularly prerequisites for on-location doctors and much prepared clinical experts — has left the business defenseless against misuse and unfortunate results. One glaring issue that has got to be tended to: helped living focuses are directed by the state Department of Social Services rather than the Department of Public Health.

In any case, it helped to measure maybe a piece of social welfare and clinical consideration conveyance framework, not only a direction for living. Propelled a year ago, Newsom's plan on Aging has framed a warning advisory group, is holding open gatherings and within the fall is planned to offer a 10-year plan which will address issues from lodging and vagrancy to crisis readiness to manhandle and disrespect. The venture has made a "Value Committee" to urge a contribution from a progressively differing gathering of residents and associations, including agents of the crippled network, Native Americans and other ethnic minorities.

Considering the spreading coronavirus general wellbeing emerging, it's basic that the representative's plan on Aging takes on an expansive and genuine open arrangement job. We weren't bothered with elevated level clichés for tending to the wants of the old. We'd like solid arrangements, solid guidelines with implementation teeth and a guarantee to continued oversight.

The Age of COVID-19

Older people who get themselves out of the blue alone without authority over their conditions are at specific hazards for an assortment of serious, even hazardous, physical and psychological well-being conditions, including a subjective decrease. Limitations on the opportunity of development ought to be proportionate and not founded solely on age.

COVID-19, as different irresistible melodies, represents a higher hazard to populaces that live in nearness. This hazard is especially intense in nursing or matured consideration offices, where the infection can spread quickly and has just brought about numerous passings. About 1.5 million older people individuals live in the nursing homes in the US, barring helped living offices and different settings making nearness.

Twenty-three individuals kicked the bucket in a flare-up at an office in Washington State in February and March, and the US Centers for Disease Control detailed 400 additional cases in offices as of April 1. On March 31, wellbeing experts in the Grand East district of France detailed 570 passings of older people in nursing homes.

Older people often end up in nursing homes due to governments' inability to offer adequate social types of assistance for individuals to live freely in the network, approaches that have put millions at included danger of getting the infection as a result of their organization. Governments ought to guarantee the progression of network-based administrations with the goal that individuals don't wind up in organizations without different alternatives.

Expound now on the roles played via care laborers in continuing the lives of the old during that emergency, and who, however dreadful themselves, by and by remain day in and outing inside the bounds of their wards to offer fundamental consideration.

Care supervisor Chang, the woman in charge of the consideration laborers among whom I led my hands-on work, coordinated the change of her ward into a self-sufficient fixed of a unit of care. The passage to her floor is carefully monitored; just fundamental conveyances are permitted, for instance, nourishment and clothing. Since nobody can enter or leave the structure, the flask for the older was transformed into a dozing region for care laborers. Despite the very fact that a lot of consideration laborers have their circle of relatives to require care of, they put that piece of their life under the control of others. Care specialist Lin, whose spouse died at the start of the pandemic, did not have the chance to completely grieve his passing due to incessant understaffing at Sunlight. She came back to figure following the burial service, despite realizing that she not, at now expected to figure at Sunlight to hide her significant other's clinical costs. Lin's arrival says much regarding her promise to her calling, to her colleagues, and to the old she had come to understand so well. My examination with care laborers recommends that it's an enthusiastic association and an awareness of other's expectations that propels them to remain the end of the day in care work. This is often borne out immediately.

Carefully add China is often seen as being grimy and unfortunate, thanks to an excellent extension to its nearby hook up with the realistic consideration required by slight, skilled bodies. Chinese consideration laborers are for the foremost part provincial to urban transients or urban specialists laid far away from previous state-claimed processing plants. In any case, direct consideration is intricate. In any case, its unpredictability goes unrecognized, or maybe disregarded by institutional powers that organize benefits and generalize the old as bodies to chip away at, to the disregard of their social-passionate necessities. As is valid with Sunlight, things which might typically undermine the keenness of care laborers, for instance, the absence of institutional acknowledgment for his or her enthusiastic work, are required to be postponed. Care specialists are currently centered around a shared objective: ensuring the gift assistance of the older. COVID-19 propels care laborers to consider what kind of care is required and the way to offer that care. It fills in as a channel through which the elemental beliefs of care are observed. Care is about common human weakness and our intrinsic association. Care laborers at Sunlight, in their aggregate every minute of everyday endeavors to secure the older, typify this ethic through their consideration. May the respectful regard, they hold of the older in their consideration redound on them and everyone consideration laborers overall who are fighting this pandemic on the bleeding edge!

Like the consideration laborers at Sunlight, the laborers in numerous nations are regarded human life so that we cannot be embarrassed to return clean with the leading edge about ourselves. Salute the spearheading staff who salutes our purposeful endeavors to handle the pandemic in numerous settings around the globe, within the daylight, yet additionally to ensure that veterans are appropriately treated, took care of and washed.

We all hope and pray that the coronavirus will soon be controlled and subdued. And that when the crisis is behind us, that we continue the important work of protecting the elderly and other vulnerable segments of our citizenry.

DONATE paypal.me/pools/c/8obn2hcLVG

How Can I Contribute in Times of COVID-19?

Write your testimony about the concequences from the time of Corona virus (COVID-19). Here is a great knowledge base about the effects of the Corona virus. Thank you for your story! article-directory.org/article/717/40/Emergency-Situations...

Based on information from the source, this image is believe to be in the public domain. It is up to the user to make their own determination. Additional information is provided below, usually the entire online file, to assist you in doing so. Public domain images SHOULD NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO PINGNEWS. Please attribute the repository and the photographer. If you can add "via pingnews" or a link back to this site it is appreciated. While it may appear with this photo, the attribution license does not apply to pingnews in this instance as we are neither the photographer nor the archive.

Public Domain. Credit: NOAA via pingnews. Additional information from source:

"Birdie" Bowers reading the thermometer on the ramp, June 6th, 1911. In: "Scott's Last Expedition", 1913. Dodd, Mead, and Company, New York. P. 214. Vol. I. Library Call Number G850 1910 .S35 1913.

Image ID: libr0120, Treasures of the NOAA Library Collection

Photographer: Archival Photograph by Mr. Sean Linehan, NOS, NGS

St Peter, Thurston, Suffolk

Thurston is a large and busy village just off of the A14 not far from the edge of Bury St Edmunds, with the blessing of its own railway station on the Ipswich to Cambridge line. The church sits on the edge of the village, a large, crisp building that stands upright above the road to Pakenham. None of the rough-and-readiness of many of Suffolk's rural churches here, for what you see from the road is entirely of the 19th Century.

On this site, we have often come across the work of the unfashionable Victorian Suffolk architect Edward Hakewill, son of the more famous Henry Hakewill. He had worked extensively in Suffolk the 1860s, and is sometimes good, at Kenton, for instance. But he can also be very undistinguished, as at Rushmere, Brantham and Shottisham. The reason I was intrigued by Thurston is that it was the work of his lesser-known younger brother, John Henry Hakewill, and I was interested to see what he had got up to.

His brother Edward's usual approach was to go in, build a north aisle, reduce the internal furnishings to a polite middle-brow sacramentalism, and then leave. John Hakewill had rather more than that to do here, because of something that happened on the night of Sunday March 18th 1860. In common with most Suffolk churches, St Peter had been greatly neglected through the 18th and early 19th Centuries, and its need for a facelift had become obvious. In fact, John Hakewill had already been engaged as the architect for a thorough going-over of the old structure. But shortly before midnight, supposedly on the night before work was due to commence, the tower fell.

It is hard to imagine the effect of an incident like that on a tiny, remote, rural community. The one permanent, ageless structure in its midst suddenly disappeared overnight. The tower collapsed straight down, but falling rubble took out the nave and aisle roofs, as well as destroying piers of both arcades. The parishioners decided to do the obvious, and retreat into the chancel for services. However, just ten days later, the rest of the nave collapsed, bringing down what remained of the arcades and roofs, and destroying all the furnishings, including the pulpit and lectern.

And so, a decision was made to rebuild from scratch, accommodating the new church to the surviving chancel and porch. As Roy Tricker points out, Hakewill was very much of the prevailing opinion of the time that Decorated was the only suitable style for a medieval church (despite the fact that Suffolk's finest moments are mostly Perpendicular), and, as a Bury Post article of the time noted, Hakewill was determined that the new church should be entirely in Decorated and correct architecture, replacing the inferior architecture in the old structure.

And so, there it is today. The exterior is certainly impressive, and the church reopened barely 18 months later, at the cost of about £3,500, about three quarters of a million in today's money, an extraordinary bargain I would have thought. This must have been a huge church, even before Hakewill's rebuild - I wondered if it had been a match for Rougham, across the A14. Much of the chancel appears relatively original, despite considerable patching up. The imposing tower itself is beginning to mellow with age, although perhaps it still bears a disconcerting similarity to what might be the tower of a Typically English Village Church in a model village, thanks to Hakewill's insistence on 'correct' Dec. But when you consider what Richard Phipson did across the road at Finborough and Woolpit during the same decade, St Peter may have got off lightly.

You step into a large, tidy space full of light - no gloomy north aise here. Inevitably, there is an urban feel to the wholly 19th Century interior, although there are some earlier survivals. One of these is the font, a fine perpendicular piece whose foliage panels conceal a green man or two. Can it have come from here originally? It is hard to see how the font could have survived the collapse of the tower. Collected fragments of 15th Century glass include a number of striking heads, as well as parts of the figures of a cherubim, a pope and a bishop. Up in the chancel there is what appears to be a pair of delicious medieval angels holding scrolls, although they are, I think, 19th Century fakes. Certainly 15th Century are the stalls below, however, which survived the fall of the tower and have delightful little figures in the spandrels. There are a couple more medieval benches now placed at the west end of the south aisle, also with green men on them.

Bringing us right up to date is one of Suffolk's several sets of royal arms to Queen Elizabeth II (there are others not far off at Rattlesden and Lavenham, among others). This set is dated 1977, the year of the Silver Jubilee. The woodwork in the nave is of a decent quality, presumably installed as part of the same commission as the rebuilding, but the reredos in the chancel is rather finer, the work of Father Ernest Geldart, the Anglo-catholic carpenter-priest whose parish and studio were at Little Braxted in Essex. Its commission may give us some idea of the churchmanship here at Thurston in the early years of the 20th Century.

A name that many will associate with Bury St Edmunds is that of the Greene King brewery, and the Greene family are commemorated here at Thurston. Sir Walter Greene paid for the restoration of the chancel. The memorial windows to the Greene family are by the stained glass firm Ward & Hughes, and were installed over thirty years from 1890 to 1920. Ward & Hughes were a company that went through three distinct phases. In their early years they were often quite interesting, as across the border at Pentney in Norfolk, for example. Later in the 19th Century they became one of the largest mass-producing workshops in the country, churning out thousands of windows for hundreds of churches all over the world that are largely of a similar middle-brow quality. In the 20th Century, however, the wheels came off a bit, and the windows vary greatly. There is a feeling that patrons were given too much say in the design, which is always a mistake, and sometimes they can be pretty awful. But here at Thurston the glass is spectacular. The 1890 glass is certainly not run-of-the-mill, being a version in glass of Axel Ender's painting Easter Morning. Whether it is good or not is perhaps a matter of taste, but the other two windows are rather thrilling, and delightfully mawkish - witness the figure of Peace stooping to kiss the lips of Righteousness. There is a Ward & Hughes window in a similar style to these last two up the road at Pakenham.

Elsewhere in the church, the lovely 1950 window of the Adoration of the Magi at the east end of the south aisle is by E L Armitage for Powell & Sons, and it replaced damaged glass which commemorated a 14 months old child, Mary Adelaide Blake, who died in 1842. The date of the new window suggests that the old one suffered blast damge in the Second World War, a common fate for these Suffolk churches surrounded by American air bases. The best window in the church, however, is at the east end of the north aisle, and depicts the Raising of Jairus's Daughter in a quiet, painterly style. It remembers Isabella Blake, who died in 1856, and nobody seems to know who it is by. Intriguingly, given that this is also to a daughter of the Blake family, it seems possible that the lost window in the south aisle was by the same workshop.

For many years, Thurston church was difficult of access, so it is pleasing to discover that it is now open to strangers and pilgrims every day. Even more, the sign in the porch asks you to be careful not to accidentally lock the door on your way out.

The story of a man with a gun and a mission - to eliminate all instances of unseasonal vegetable consumption. Written and directed by the brilliant Michael 'Watercress' Wright and starring the magnificent Daniel 'Legume' Lapaine with deft editing by Simon 'Water Celery' Wilcox and a purringly perfect soundtrack by Michael 'Mango' Mertens. Produced by the kind people at Mustard in association with the equally kind people at Eat Seasonably. Huge thanks to all.

Full cast:

Daniel Lapaine - Ninjin; Rob Whitelock - Burgess; Kinue Kato - Kabu Sensei; Leah Whitaker - MI5 Woman; Michael Wright - MI5 Man; Jason Thorpe - The Swede; Natasha Heenan - Woman on Bench; Mavreen Brown - Woman in Car Park; Alex Parkinson - Sandwich Guy; Vince Siracusa - Man in Street.

Full crew:

Michael Wright - Director; John Doris - Executive Producer; Sarah Crisp - Production Manager; Peter Sorg - Director of Photography; Tom Guy - Gaffer; Laura Jane Sessions & Camilla Tew - Hair & Make Up Artists; Mavreen Brown - Production Assistant; Alex Parkinson - Runner; Harry Jarman - Flame Operator; Steve Lane - Sound Designer; Simon Wilcox, Editor; Composer - Michael Mertens.

Special thanks to:

Michael Mertens at Escape Route, George Martin at Arri Focus, Mark Day at Clapham Road Studios, Loaded Dice, Dan Love & Gil James at Golden Square Post Production, Paula Haughey at Grand Central Sound Studios, Anglo-Japanese Society of Wessex and all at Mustard.

Sadest Poem

I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.

Write, for instance: "The night is full of stars,

and the stars, blue, shiver in the distance."

The night wind whirls in the sky and sings.

I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.

I loved her, and sometimes she loved me too.

On nights like this, I held her in my arms.

I kissed her so many times under the infinite sky.

She loved me, sometimes I loved her.

How could I not have loved her large, still eyes?

I can write the saddest poem of all tonight.

To think I don't have her. To feel that I've lost her.

To hear the immense night, more immense without her.

And the poem falls to the soul as dew to grass.

What does it matter that my love couldn't keep her.

The night is full of stars and she is not with me.

That's all. Far away, someone sings. Far away.

My soul is lost without her.

As if to bring her near, my eyes search for her.

My heart searches for her and she is not with me.

The same night that whitens the same trees.

We, we who were, we are the same no longer.

I no longer love her, true, but how much I loved her.

My voice searched the wind to touch her ear.

Someone else's. She will be someone else's. As she once

belonged to my kisses.

Her voice, her light body. Her infinite eyes.

I no longer love her, true, but perhaps I love her.

Love is so short and oblivion so long.

Because on nights like this I held her in my arms,

my soul is lost without her.

Although this may be the last pain she causes me,

and this may be the last poem I write for her.

-- Pablo Neruda

.. splendid (spc,tmp)-evaluated event ..

F.: E.T. Mena ("honbless")

The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist in Lindogon, Sibonga in Cebu province is run by Marian monks. The place is where several instances of the phenomena ~ whereby the image of the Virgin Mary shed tears in several instances starting in 1998. It is now very popular for Marian pilgrims and devotees who flock to the palace-like monastery. This transformed the once sleepy barangay into a popular destination. Daily, the monastery is visited by thousands of devotees from all over the country and even from foreign tourists. This crown structure is memorial of the victorious and powerful intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mother thru the Penitential Rosary Walk in 1998, against the killer epidemic hat struck the place, where several lives of poor children and infants had died. Built to honour Mary on the 8th year anniversary of the Monks arrival in Lindogon. Blessed on the 27th day of February, 2004.”

There are available coloured candles near the monastery. Proceeds of the candles will give part to the monks for funds. The following are coloured candles with its own purpose.

Gold: Healing (Good health, Recovery, Spiritual, Family Tree)

Green: Prosperity/Success (Exams, Study, Financial, Business)

Blue: Perseverance (Employment, Career, Assignment, Promotions)

Violet: Achievement (Plans in life, Struggles, Endeavours, Journeys, Voyage)

Red: Love (Utility, Friendship, Engagement, Family)

Yellow: Peace (Courage, Strength, Hope)

White: Purity (Enlightenment, Guidance, Right Path)

Orange: Reconciliation (Sweetheart, Wife, Husband, Enemy, Family)

Pink: Thanksgiving/Happiness/Joy (Spiritual, Physical)

Black: Souls (Forgiveness, Pardon)

Brown: Vocation (Marriage Bond, God’s Servant, Single life)

Grey: Deliverance (Bad ways, Things, Spirits)

Cream: Conversion/Faith (Children, Household, Couples)

A gentle reminder from the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, the following guidelines must be strictly followed and not allowed to wear inside the Monastery: wearing of tube & short blouses/dresses, fitting & transparent pants, spaghetti straps/sleeveless dress, mini skirts, shorts. While taking you to the Monastery, it is required to remove footwear before entering the Mother Mary’s prayer room. Cameras flash should be turned off while taking pictures so as not to interrupt/destruct others when praying. All Catholic & Non-Catholic are advised to please respect and observe solemnity inside the Church. Smoking is prohibited inside the premises. Parking area is situated to the right side of the entrance.

If you are from Cebu City taking you through Sibonga town proper to estimate of 50 kilometres southeast or travel time for about 2-hours and can be reached via any of the buses (air con/non air-con) that leaves regularly for Sibonga from the South Bus Terminal along N. Bacalso Ave. in Cebu City. Bus fare is less than a hundred pesos. The place is famous among all passengers, just ask the conductor to drop you off to the crossing in going to Birhen sa Simala. Mary’s pilgrimage is few kilometres away from the drop off point and you can reach the destination by riding in a motorcycles for hire habal-habal or public tricycles. The Monastery of the Holy Eucharist opens daily from 8:00 am - 6:00 pm.

Without resorting to a short video once again for this kind of piece, where much happens over a short (ish) or usually longer period, this seems to be the best way to do it, in this instance 4 mosaic pieces with 4 pictures in each. As it turned out after picture selection, from the 54 taken and after some whittling down, by luck more than design the 16 selected separated naturally into 4 sections of the work; I will have to start producing pictures with just one subject per picture again... These pieces relate to the weekend line possession on the SYJR, South Yorkshire Joint Railway with line possession commencing at Worksop's WP607 section signal with the work, some serious bank re-ballasting and renewal, being undertaken in the three miles or so from here to the north all of the lineside tree growth is going as well, though it doesn't look particularly obtrusive. With a great reduction in coal train movements along this line after April 5th, due to the higher carbon tax levy at the Power Stations from that date, it appeared at the outset that there wouldn't be much happening here apart from the train concerned with the possession, but in the event 3 coal moves occured, the last before the Line Possession came into effect at 15:32 hours. At centre, for reference, a 1953 OS map showing what used to be around in this area, as usual almost all of the detail in this map, relating to the railway has been swept away, some of it very early on, in the 1920s, like the trackbed of the line which connected Laughton West Junction, shown here as a double-dashed feature heading south, to a junction at Anston. Dinnington Main Colliery, with its branch of the section of line seen here, looking north, closed in 1992 and it wasn't long after that before the rejuvenation started and there is now nothing left except the landscaped spoil-heap, now a nature reserve... of course. The Laughton East Junction, still showing 2 lines here, also ultimately succumbed when Thurcroft Colliery, along the western section of the junction, closed around the same time as Dinnington and the line was subsequently lifted; it is now part of the very pleasant 'Laughton Mineral Line' trail from north of Thurcroft to Todwick Road and the land now occupied to the east of it (marked by 'Brick Works') by new industrial development. So for the 1st in the series of traction pictures on what turned out to be the last day of warm weather for a while, is bright, GBRf liveried class 66, 66717 hauling its rake of MJA, Mineral and Aggregates Box, Wagons south along the SYJR and coming through new development right at the side of the track; new housing as it turns out and nothing to do with Network Rail... Doh! At top right, a bit of a surprise as the rear of the 2200 tonne (each wagon can hold 101tonnes) consist is another brightly turned out GBRf, 66739, 'The Bluebell Railway'; almost missed getting a shot of this after the wagons rattled past, thinking that was that. This is the 1st of the final 3 moves of the day along here, heading south 17 minutes late is the 6F29, Hexthorpe Yard to West Burton Power Station; odd type of move to be going to a Power Station. At lower left, having arrived a bit early, 9 minutes, and being signal checked at Worksop's WP607 section signal, awaiting passage onto the single line section ahead. Unfortunately for the driver, but not so for the 2 photographers present, there was a south-bound working heading our way, coming off the single line section, 10 minutes early and so the Freightliner had to wait; the driver in the lower left picture had just been on the signal-post phone to Worksop and is here seen climbing back into the cab, ready to go as the other working was now only a mile, 2 minutes, or so away. This is Freightliner Heavy Haul class 66, 66529 on the Cottam Power Station to Hunslet Yard(Leeds), 4D28, 600tonne empties working. Quickly swinging the camera round and on the north facing side of the road, EWS, but DBS operated, class 66, 66230, comes slowly over the single to double line junction, heading south on the 6Z29 Rossington Colliery to Worksop Up Receptions working, with a full load, 2400 tonnes, of coal; presumably from Rossington? The area to the right of the EWS has already had a delivery of a road/rail vehicle to deal with ballast this at the rear, facing the camera, and at the front a heavy duty cutter and mulcher for the vegetation. Two walkers coming back to their car look on, only briefly though as of course, for them, nothing is happening here!