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Over the years, Burlington Northern has used quite a few different locomotive models to help trains over Nebraska's Crawford Hill. Even LMX B39-8s were tested up here for a short period. Back in May 1995, BN was using relatively new SD70MAC pairs to help the coal trains over the top. Here a loaded train heads uphill with a pair, while another set glides down the hill back to Crawford.
SP X9172E with the single helper unit behind the caboose is at Edison, CA Mojave Subdivision, Tehachapi Pass, on February 20, 1983.
Please help to save these wonderful creatures from the mindless idiots out there!
www.facebook.com/ElephantAwareMasaiMara
www.savetherhino.org/africa_programmes/borana_ranch_kenya...
All my dreamy photos I have created for last 2 years in one hardcover book: www.indiegogo.com/projects/help-realise-a-art-book-from-a...
Ok, so recently I've been swapping ENB's like crazy. Things went pretty bad with Bleak cause suddenly whenever my char is outdoor..my fps drops to 0~2 -.-. And I picked "performance" preset ;__;. Why?
Anyone know of a good electrician, plumber or drywall installer gal with long sexy legs and looks great in a uniform.
makeup by tori unicorn
hair-izzy hilton
everyone who helped out on this shoot was so fun.. I was so crazy from doing 4 shoots and filming that day.it was nuts.
and I had so much dirt in my crack after this shoot! ahhah ill post more from this set soon.
i need a nap I ran too many errands today. busy busy bee.
My photos and model
Pixabay turtle-2815539
grass_brushes_by_obscurelilium_d73dxu7
Pixabay shark-underwater-2747248
underwater_stock_17_by_evilhateyouallstock_d6f2z6p
Pixabay summit-castle-3160924
model: Ünsal Arik - Boxchampion
Have a look at my facebook page
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Feel free to comment my pics or contact me - in English or German.
I am very thankful for every constructive criticism that helps me to get better!
************************************ Thanks xfoTOkex ***
I'm probanly going to be ordering some of those custom asics soon from japan and need a color combo. I still don't know if I should do; school color (orange yellow and black) or get something fresh looking. You can pick from these or make any other cool looking ones idk as long as it looks sick.
Here's the link to make them
So I bought this old Kodak lens for $30USD because I want the shutter for a pinhole board. Shutter works great (at least in B and T modes which is all I care about). But I don't see that the front and rear lens elements just screw off the shutter like my 4x5 lenses. Anyone know before I go at this thing with vice grips?
Andamooka. Population 260.
These Kokatha lands had a salt lake called Andemorka which was the name adopted by the first pastoralist, Charles Burney Young, for his sheep station in the 1870s. Prior to this the first white man to explore this area, with the help of an Aboriginal youth, was Charles Swinden who returned home with some alluvial gold. He fell ill at his Riverton home and died there before he could tell anyone of its location but it was in the Andamooka region. At that time Swinden of Riverton, had his main station at Woolundunga north of Port Augusta. Andamooka station had its difficult times and in the early 1890s a station worker murdered his wife. The police trooper was sent a message to come and arrest the man which he did. The worker was taken to Port Augusta for trial but a jury acquitted him as it was decided that his poor wife died of heat stroke. Charles Burney Young’s venture at Andamooka was taken over by his son but it always lost money and eventually the Bowman brothers took it on for some time.
Opals were discovered here in 1930 when two station workers discovered opals whilst sheltering from a thunderstorm. No town existed for decades but miners or noodlers camped at the site including some local Aboriginal people. The town emerged slowly from the miner camps. The first Post Office opened in 1947 and was named Andamooka. By 1959 Andamooka had 300 residents for which a third were Aboriginal people. Opal mining increased in the 1960s and more town facilities were established as mines created more “dug outs” for their homes. Opal mining was mainly done by individuals and the town gained a reputation for independence and a dislike of government regulation. The opals also attracted miners from diverse cultural backgrounds. At its peak in the 1960s Andamooka had 2,000 residents. In 1978 when the first town newsletter was published it was printed in three languages- English, Hungarian and Yugoslavian.
Historic buildings in the town include several dugouts in the hill side to keep them cool in the long hot summer:- Frank Albertoni’s house in 1931 which is the oldest house on ten mine field as Andamooka opal was only discovered in 1930; Tom Brady’s dugout built in the late 1930s with other rooms nearby and the outside toilet on the hill top behind the dugout; Mrs Perry’s kitchen built in 1951 but it replaced an earlier hut built in 1931; and Andy Absalom’s house built in 1942 and he was the father the Broken Hill artist Jack Absalom. The town also has a mining machinery museum on the drive into the town and there is a café in the local galvanised iron public hall. Behind the hall is the Andamooka Primary School – high school students are bussed into rOxby Downs Area School. Further along the main street is the Post Office, opal gallery and small museum. In front of it is the famous bottle house made of used beer bottles. Nearby by is an Aboriginal gallery and the Long Bus opal shop. Andamooka is only a short distance from Lake Torrens and it is directly west from Leigh Creek but there is no access across Lake Torrens. To get from Andamooka to Leigh Creek one would have to travel by roads through Port Augusta or Marree. Interest in opal jewellery is increasing at the moment and Andamooka opal has always been known for its rare and exceptional opals. Andamooka opals have flashes of red, orange, green, blue and purple and a distinctive vein structure making them very desirable.
By purchasing this postcard, you are helping the Civic Assistance Committee to provide assistance to refugees and migrants. planeta.ru/campaigns/refugee_help/donatesingle/583360
"Wir sammeln Familiensilber für 15 neue Abendmahlskelche. Machen Sie mit!"
"We collect family silver for 15 new communion goblets. Take part!"
Thanks to Google Translate.
Hauptkirche Sankt Michaelis, Hamburg
Hamburg's St. Michael's Church is full of "theatre" and I don't mean it in a negative way. Just that its interior, pews, organ and chapels look both dramatic and theatrical.
Another addition to my western diorama.
Many thanks for the help to Andelko, Franko and Mrva!
Check out my other western creations.
Not sure who's more ruffly - the duster or Henry!
120 Pictures in 2020 - #93. Ruffles/Ruffled
100x in 2020 - #46
Aside: No - there's no secret cookies hiding behind the duster (not that I'm above doing that - see commentary on Toby's version)
I pointed down, Henry looked down.
Gotta love working with a "professional".
366:2020 - #189
Stop on by Henry and Toby's blog: bzdogs.com - The Secret Life of the Suburban Dog
Sometimes it’s appealing to pull away and close down, maybe even dissappear completely. To step out where you can’t feel the bottom and just sink into selfpity and oblivion.
But the most important thing is to find someone to share these feelings with, someone who can help you see the good things you can’t see anymore. What if that water you want to sink down into in reality is warm and embracing, but you just can’t feel it anymore?
I’ve suffered through depression and anxiety and have only just learned to see my vulnerability as a good thing. And I know that the best thing for me was to talk about it even though that in itself was anxiety-provoking.
Do you suffer from anything like this or do you know someone who does, then talk about it! With a loved one, a friend, family, me - anyone!
I cant quite believe I went in here...creepy!
This is inside the bricked up Cold Christmas Church. Its derelict, dangerous and trashed but remote and lovely, it dates back to 1086. The 15th Century Tower has been left intact along with the graveyard. Over the years there have been stories and accounts of strange happenings here. Reports of an evil presence inside of the tower are probably helped by the appearance of signs and symbols inside. I trudged on foot with all my gear, not truly knowing what Id find. I was as intrigued by the name as anything else!
All of my Bratz dolls together in a group shot at the end of the year 2011. 93 DOLLS PICTURED!
See how it's grown: www.flickr.com/photos/19039188@N07/5297596279/in/photostream
please help me identify the dolls!
::NOT PICTURED::
UNBOXED (not enough bodies):
Holiday Trinity
Wildlife Cloe
Head Gamez Cloe (damaged)
Hollywood Style Katie (damaged)
Fashion Show Cloe (x2)
Fashion Show Yasmin
Head Gamez Fashion Head Meygan
Dynamite Meygan
BOXED (to be used in a cycle of BNTM together):
Party Yasmin
The Fashion Show Sleep Wear Cloe
Holiday Sweet Santa Cloe
Holiday Excellent Elf Meygan
Wintertime Collection Yasmin
Wintertime Collection Cloe
Holiday Trinity
Play Sportz Tennis Sasha
Ice Champions RC Ice Skating Rink Maribel
Wild Wild West Meygan (Walmart Exclusive)
Costume Party Pretty Pirate Yasmin
SETS:
Girlfriendz Nite Out Dance Disco Runway
2010 Party Playset
Formal Funk Limo
Blue Cruiser
It was fascinating to watch over the side of the cruise ship as this boat drops off a local to Numea to help the cruise ship thru the narrow passage of water deep enough so not to disturb any of the coral surrounding the islands that we visited. My husband said it was quite amazing seeing the colors and sights under the water when snorkling.
We went to a captains talk one afternoon whilst cruising. He was thoroughly entertaining and by gee he told us some astonishing facts on just how things operate within the ship.
Sp recently I started working on Eren from AoT. His hair is pretty "different" from lego hair pieces, so I decided to sculpt it and this is the outcome. Pretty horrific, I know, this is the third time I've used Sculpy, the first being armor, and it turned out pretty well(On the right) just the ab region being region uneven. My second time was on the left, a helmet that shrunk(Meant for Red Hood). Then shattering into pieces after taking it off a figure. The reason I believe is because I boiled instead of baking(as it is easier) and this is the technique FlamingBrickFilms' uses, and does not work for me. How do you guys get your Sculpy dried? And if you bake it, how long and how hot? Thanks, if I tagged you I thought you could help. (Can someone add FlamingBrickFilms?) :)
just as i go to press click, the flock of birds fly over. damn those birds ruining this pic! nah, only joking, i love it :)
olympus xa2, fuji provia 400f slide film, cross processed
"Alivia mi alma, haz que sienta que tu mano está cogida de la mía, haz que sienta que la muerte no existe porque ya estamos en verdad en la eternidad, haz que sienta que amar no es morir, que la entrega de sí mismo no significa la muerte, haz que sienta una alegría modesta y diaria, haz que no te indague demasiado, porque la respuesta sería tan misteriosa como la pregunta, bendíceme para que viva con alegría el pan que como, el sueño que duermo, haz que tenga caridad hacia mí misma pues si no, no podré sentir que Dios me amó, haz que pierda el pudor de desear que en la hora de mi muerte haya una mano humana para apretar la mía. " Clarice Lispector
When I walk in your shoes
I understand a man confused
There must have been but I don't care
I feel the way your soul does there
Darling they empathise
Looking through your bloodshot eyes
And I know you you're so frustrated
Above we all become what we once hated
Be slight nobody can be that wise
I can't help ya if you won't help yourself
I can't help ya if you don't help yourself
You can only get so much from someone yeah
You can get so much from me
I can't help ya if you won't help yourself
You've got a degree a in philosophy
So you think you're cleverer than me
But I'm not just some drama queen
Cos it's where you're at not where you've been
So what do you expect from me
To hold your head above the sea
And there are you even though you're bigger
Cos don't you know you crush my tiny figure
And anyway we're still so young
And this isn't yet the day
I can't help ya if you won't help yourself
I can't help ya if you don't help yourself
You can only get so much from someone yeah
I can't help ya if you won't help yourself
You might be twenty-five but in my mind
I see you at sixteen years or most of the time
And I'm just a child and you're full grown
And no I'm nothing like I've ever known yeah
I'm nothing like I've ever known
[Help Yourself-Amy Winehouse]
I caught this great big fat bummble bee doing his thing at the Rare Breeds Centre near Ashford (UK).
-Christmas Time is Here. <--Yes I still listen to Chirtmas music.
I can't believe that I'm almost to 100. I feel like I just started yesterday.
I'm going to take an English and art class later this year. I'm real excited about that.
I'm still learning to take it one day at a time though.
97/365
The Ribblehead Viaduct or Batty Moss Viaduct carries the Settle–Carlisle railway across Batty Moss in the Ribble Valley at Ribblehead, in North Yorkshire, England. The viaduct, built by the Midland Railway, is 28 miles (45 km) north-west of Skipton and 26 miles (42 km) south-east of Kendal. It is a Grade II* listed structure. Ribblehead Viaduct is the longest and the third tallest structure on the Settle–Carlisle line.
The viaduct was designed by John Sydney Crossley, chief engineer of the Midland Railway, who was responsible for the design and construction of all major structures along the line. The viaduct was necessitated by the challenging terrain of the route. Construction began in late 1869. It necessitated a large workforce, up to 2,300 men, most of whom lived in shanty towns set up near its base. Over 100 men lost their lives during its construction. The Settle to Carlisle line was the last main railway in Britain to be constructed primarily with manual labour.
By the end of 1874, the last stone of the structure had been laid; on 1 May 1876, the Settle–Carlisle line was opened for passenger services. During the 1980s, British Rail proposed closing the line. In 1989, after lobbying by the public against closure, it was announced that the line would be retained. Since the 1980s, the viaduct has had multiple repairs and restorations and the lines relaid as a single track. The land underneath and around the viaduct is a scheduled ancient monument; the remains of the construction camp and navvy settlements (Batty Wife Hole, Sebastopol, and Belgravia) are located there.
In the 1860s, the Midland Railway, keen to capitalise on the growth in rail traffic between England and Scotland, proposed building a line between Settle and Carlisle. The line was intended to join the Midland line between Skipton and Carnforth to the city of Carlisle. On 16 July 1866, the Midland Railway (Settle to Carlisle) Act was passed by Parliament, authorising the company "to construct Railways from Settle to Hawes, Appleby, and Carlisle; and for other Purposes".
After the Act passed, the Midland Railway came to an agreement with the London & North Western Railway, to run services on the LNWR line via Shap. The company applied for a bill of abandonment for its original plan but Parliament rejected the bill on 16 April 1869 and the Midland Railway was compelled to build the Settle to Carlisle line.
The line passed through difficult terrain that necessitated building several substantial structures. The company's chief engineer, John Sydney Crossley and its general manager, James Joseph Allport, surveyed the line. Crossley was responsible for the design and construction of the major works, including Ribblehead Viaduct.
On 6 November 1869, a contract to construct the Settle Junction (SD813606) to Dent Head Viaduct section including Ribblehead Viaduct was awarded to contractor John Ashwell. The estimated cost was £343,318 and completion was expected by May 1873. Work commenced at the southern end of the 72-mile (116 km) line.
By July 1870, work had started on the foundations for Ribblehead Viaduct. On 12 October 1870, contractor's agent William Henry Ashwell laid the first stone. Financial difficulties came to greatly trouble John Ashwell; on 26 October 1871, his contract was cancelled by mutual agreement. From this date, the viaduct was constructed by the Midland Railway who worked on a semi-contractual basis overseen by William Ashwell.
The viaduct was built by a workforce of up to 2,300 men. They lived, often with their families, in temporary camps, named Batty Wife Hole, Sebastopol, and Belgravia on adjacent land. More than a hundred workers lost their lives in construction-related accidents, fighting, or from outbreaks of smallpox. According to Church of England records, there are around 200 burials of men, women, and children in the graveyard at Chapel-le-Dale and the church has a memorial to the railway workers.
In December 1872, the design for Ribblehead Viaduct was changed from 18 arches to 24, each spanning 45 feet (13.7 m). By August 1874, the arches had been keyed and the last stone was laid by the end of the year. A single track was laid over the viaduct and on 6 September 1874 the first train carrying passengers was hauled across by the locomotive Diamond. On 3 August 1875, the viaduct was opened for freight traffic and on 1 May 1876, the whole line opened for passenger services, following approval by Colonel F. H. Rich from the Board of Trade.
Ribblehead Viaduct is 440 yards (400 m) long, and 104 feet (32 m) above the valley floor at its highest point, it was designed to carry a pair of tracks aligned over the sleeper walls. The viaduct has 24 arches of 45 feet (14 m) span, the foundations of which are 25 feet (7.6 m) deep. The piers are tapered, roughly 13 feet (4 m) across at the base and 5 feet 11 inches (1.8 m) thick near the arches and have loosely-packed rubble-filled cores. Every sixth pier is 50 per cent thicker, a mitigating measure against collapse should any of the piers fail. The north end is 13 feet (4 m) higher in elevation than the south, a gradient of 1:100.
The viaduct is faced with limestone masonry set in hydraulic lime mortar and the near-semicircular arches are red brick, constructed in five separate rings, with stone voussoirs. Sleeper walls rise from the arches to support the stone slabs of the viaduct's deck and hollow spandrels support plain solid parapet walls. In total, 1.5 million bricks were used; some of the limestone blocks weigh eight tons.
Ribblehead Viaduct is 980 feet (300 m) above sea level on moorland exposed to the prevailing westerly wind. Its height, from foundation to rails is 55 yards (50.3 m). It is 442.7 yards (404.8 m) long on a lateral curve with a radius of 0.85 miles (1.37 km).
The viaduct is the longest structure on the Settle–Carlisle Railway which has two taller viaducts, Smardale Viaduct at 131 feet (40 m) near Crosby Garrett, and Arten Gill at 117 feet (36 m). Ribblehead railway station is less than half a mile to the south and to the north is Blea Moor Tunnel, the longest on the line, near the foot of Whernside.
During 1964, several Humber cars were blown off their wagons while being carried over the viaduct on a freight train.
By 1980, the viaduct was in disrepair and many of its piers had been weakened by water ingress. Between 1981 and 1984, repairs were undertaken as a cost of roughly £100,000. Repairs included strengthening the piers by the addition of steel rails and concrete cladding. For safety reasons, the line was reduced to single track across the viaduct to avoid the simultaneous loading from two trains crossing and a 20mph speed limit was imposed. During 1988, minor repairs were carried out and trial bores were made into several piers. In 1989, a waterproof membrane was installed.
In the 1980s, British Rail proposed closing the line, citing the high cost of repairs to its major structures. Vigorous campaigning by the Friends of the Settle-Carlisle Line, formed during 1981, garnered and mobilised public support against the plan. In 1989, the line was saved from closure. According to Michael Portillo, who took the decision in his capacity as Minister of State for Transport, the economic arguments for closing it had been weakened by a spike in passenger numbers, and further studies by engineers had determined that restoration work would not be nearly as costly as estimated.
In November 1988, Ribblehead Viaduct was Grade II* listed. The surrounding land where the remains of its construction camps are located has been recognised as a scheduled monument.
Between 1990 and 1992, Ribblehead Viaduct underwent major restoration. Between September 1999 and March 2001, a programme of improvements was implemented involving renewal of track, replacement of ballast and the installation of new drainage. Restoration has allowed for increased levels of freight traffic assuring the line's viability.
The Settle–Carlisle Line is one of three north–south main lines, along with the West Coast Main Line through Penrith and the East Coast Main Line via Newcastle. During 2016, the line carried seven passenger trains from Leeds to Carlisle per day in each direction, and long-distance excursions, many hauled by preserved steam locomotives.
Regular heavy freight trains use the route avoiding congestion on the West Coast Main Line. Timber trains, and stone from Ingleton quarry, pass over the viaduct when they depart from the yard opposite Ribblehead railway station. The stone from Ingleton is ferried to the terminal at Ribblehead by road. Limestone aggregate trains from Arcow quarry sidings (near Horton-in-Ribblesdale) run to various stone terminals in the Leeds and Manchester areas on different days – these trains reverse in the goods loop at Blea Moor signal box because the connection from the quarry sidings faces north.
Major restoration work started in November 2020 as a £2.1 million project to re-point mortar joints and replace broken stones got underway. Network Rail released a timelapse video of the works in June 2021.
Building the viaduct was the inspiration behind the ITV period drama series Jericho. The viaduct appears in the 1970 film No Blade of Grass and also in the 2012 film Sightseers. A number of other films and television programmes have also included the viaduct.
North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to the south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west. Northallerton is the county town.
The county is the largest in England by land area, at 9,020 km2 (3,480 sq mi), and has a population of 1,158,816. The largest settlements are Middlesbrough (174,700) in the north-east and the city of York (152,841) in the south. Middlesbrough is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into County Durham and has a total population of 376,663. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Harrogate (73,576) and Scarborough (61,749). For local government purposes the county comprises four unitary authority areas — York, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, and North Yorkshire — and part of a fifth, Stockton-on-Tees.
The centre of the county contains a wide plain, called the Vale of Mowbray in the north and Vale of York in the south. The North York Moors lie to the east, and south of them the Vale of Pickering is separated from the main plain by the Howardian Hills. The west of the county contains the Yorkshire Dales, an extensive upland area which contains the source of the River Ouse/Ure and many of its tributaries, which together drain most of the county. The Dales also contain the county's highest point, Whernside, at 2,415 feet (736 m).
North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire, as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York. Northallerton, as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town. In 1993 the county was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region.
Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in the North East region from 1993. On 1 April 1996, these areas (Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region.
Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York non-metropolitan district and parts of the non-metropolitan county (Haxby and nearby rural areas) became the City of York unitary authority.
On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county became a unitary authority. This abolished eight councils and extended the powers of the county council to act as a district council.
The York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority held its first meeting on 22 January 2024, assumed its powers on 1 February 2024 and the first mayor is to be elected in May 2024.
The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales, two of eleven areas in England and Wales to be designated national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 2,415 feet (736 m). A distinctive hill to the far north east of the county is Roseberry Topping.
North Yorkshire contains several major rivers. The River Tees is the most northerly, forming part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham in its lower reaches and flowing east through Teesdale before reaching the North Sea near Redcar. The Yorkshire Dales are the source of many of the county's major rivers, including the Aire, Lune, Ribble, Swale, Ure, and Wharfe.[10] The Aire, Swale, and Wharfe are tributaries of the Ure/Ouse, which at 208 km (129 mi) long is the sixth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river is called the Ure until it meets Ouse Gill beck just below the village of Great Ouseburn, where it becomes the Ouse and flows south before exiting the county near Goole and entering the Humber estuary. The North York Moors are the catchment for a number of rivers: the Leven which flows north into the Tees between Yarm and Ingleby Barwick; the Esk flows east directly into the North Sea at Whitby as well as the Rye (which later becomes the Derwent at Malton) flows south into the River Ouse at Goole.
North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, which surrounds the neighbouring metropolitan area of Leeds along the North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby, Kirkby Overblow, and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate.
The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and the Nidderdale AONB. It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne. The belt was first drawn up from the 1950s.
The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts.
North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate, like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK.
Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year. Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1,650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year.
The county borders multiple counties and districts:
County Durham's County Durham, Darlington, Stockton (north Tees) and Hartlepool;
East Riding of Yorkshire's East Riding of Yorkshire;
South Yorkshire's City of Doncaster;
West Yorkshire's City of Wakefield, City of Leeds and City of Bradford;
Lancashire's City of Lancaster, Ribble Valley and Pendle
Cumbria's Westmorland and Furness.
The City of York Council and North Yorkshire Council formed the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority in February 2024. The elections for the first directly-elected mayor will take place in May 2024. Both North Yorkshire Council and the combined authority are governed from County Hall, Northallerton.
The Tees Valley Combined Authority was formed in 2016 by five unitary authorities; Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland Borough both of North Yorkshire, Stockton-on-Tees Borough (Uniquely for England, split between North Yorkshire and County Durham), Hartlepool Borough and Darlington Borough of County Durham.
In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse".
Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has a relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs.
Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology.
Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average. A 2016 report by the National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs.
The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy. The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations.
York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs. In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors. In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness".
During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales was £314,000. In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.
Unemployment in the county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021. The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis". A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that the unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years – with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses".
York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking the city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan". A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic.
Tourism in the county was expected to increase after the restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small, a TV series about the vet James Herriot, based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton,Thirsk and York. Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway, Northern Rail, TransPennine Express and Grand Central.
LNER and Grand Central operate services to the capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line. LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton. Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk Northallerton and Eaglescliffe then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham.
Northern operates the remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern.
The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.
Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail. In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.
York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum.
The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M), which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough. The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, A66 and A174.
Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus. Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire, Stagecoach, Harrogate Bus Company, The Keighley Bus Company, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire), Yorkshire Coastliner, First York and the local Dales & District.
There are no major airports in the county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International (Darlington), Newcastle and Leeds Bradford.
The main campus of Teesside University is in Middlesbrough, while York contains the main campuses of the University of York and York St John University. There are also two secondary campuses in the county: CU Scarborough, a campus of Coventry University, and Queen's Campus, Durham University in Thornaby-on-Tees.
Colleges
Middlesbrough College's sixth-form
Askham Bryan College of agriculture, Askham Bryan and Middlesbrough
Craven College, Skipton
Middlesbrough College
The Northern School of Art, Middlesbrough
Prior Pursglove College
Redcar & Cleveland College
Scarborough Sixth Form College
Scarborough TEC
Selby College
Stockton Riverside College, Thornaby
York College
Places of interest
Ampleforth College
Beningbrough Hall –
Black Sheep Brewery
Bolton Castle –
Brimham Rocks –
Castle Howard and the Howardian Hills –
Catterick Garrison
Cleveland Hills
Drax Power Station
Duncombe Park – stately home
Eden Camp Museum –
Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway –
Eston Nab
Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo –
Helmsley Castle –
Ingleborough Cave – show cave
John Smith's Brewery
Jorvik Viking Centre –
Lightwater Valley –
Lund's Tower
Malham Cove
Middleham Castle –
Mother Shipton's Cave –
National Railway Museum –
North Yorkshire Moors Railway –
Ormesby Hall – Palladian Mansion
Richmond Castle –
Ripley Castle – Stately home and historic village
Riverside Stadium
Samuel Smith's Brewery
Shandy Hall – stately home
Skipton Castle –
Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications –
Studley Royal Park –
Stump Cross Caverns – show cave
Tees Transporter Bridge
Theakston Brewery
Thornborough Henges
Wainman's Pinnacle
Wharram Percy
York Castle Museum –
Yorkshire Air Museum –
The Yorkshire Arboretum
50 3501 pushing a freight train.
The load was not too heavy for one loco, there was a second loco at the other end so they could faster reverse the train.
Bebraer Dampftage