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"Hasta que las cosas y los cuerpos sean como queremos que sean" no es un ciclo de cine. Se trata más bien de un conjunto de obras audio/visuales que se oponen a la norma, a la taxonomía, al paradigma biológico de lo ‘natural’, a la Realidad con mayúscula y unívoca, a la pureza y al binarismo. Atravesadas todas ellas por la relación entre tecnología y género (entendido éste como un constructo social no limitado únicamente a la norma sexual, sino extensible a todo sistema de dominación identitaria), las piezas comisariadas abordan la (de)construcción de cuerpos y roles desde una perspectiva queer, tecno(dis)útopica, a veces mística; recuperan ese potencial liberador primigenio del ciberespacio y las telecomunicaciones, convirtiéndolas en herramientas para trascender la carne; se agencian el código estético y narrativo propio de internet, lo subvierten; son fracturas, manifiestos, (auto)retratos, (hiper)conexiones. Ruidos que proponen una mirada autónoma e independiente de estándares (a veces colectiva pero siempre ‘alien’) sobre la propia imagen, que buscan borrarla y retomarla de nuevo, jugar con ella, erotizarla, moldearla, pixelarla, sobreexponerla y volver a borrarla hasta que las cosas y los cuerpos sean como queremos que sean.
Enlaces: WEB CA2M | FACEBOOK CA2M | YOUTUBE CA2M | TWITTER CA2M
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& quot; Until things and bodies are as we want them to be & quot; it is not a film series. Rather, it is a set of audio / visual works that oppose the norm, the taxonomy, the biological paradigm of the ‘natural’, the Reality with a capital and univocal letter, purity and binarism. All of them traversed by the relationship between technology and gender (understood as a social construct not limited only to the sexual norm, but extended to any system of identity domination), the curated pieces address the (de) construction of bodies and roles from a queer perspective, techno (dis) utopian, sometimes mystical; they recover that original liberating potential of cyberspace and telecommunications, turning them into tools to transcend the flesh; they get together the aesthetic and narrative code of the internet, subvert it; they are fractures, manifestos, (self) portraits, (hyper) connections. Noises that propose an autonomous and standards-independent gaze (sometimes collective but always 'alien') on the image itself, which seek to erase it and retake it again, play with it, eroticize it, mold it, pixelate it, overexpose it and erase it again until things and bodies are as we want them to be.
A Hawker dragonfly we found drowning in a pond, being attacked by a waterboatman. We fished it out and allowed it to dry off on the side of the pond.
We think it's a Southern Hawker. Be good if someone can confirm.
The insect family Aeshnidae comprises the hawkers (or darners in North America). They are the largest dragonflies found in North America and Europe and are among the largest dragonflies on the planet. This family represents also the fastest flying dragonflies of the order of the dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata).
Common worldwide or nearly worldwide genera are Aeshna and Anax. The African Anax tristis has a wingspan of over 125 mm, making it one of the world's largest known dragonflies.
The 41 North American species in 11 genera are represented in this family. Most European species belong to Aeshna. Their American name "darner" stems from the female abdomens looking like a sewing needle, as they cut into plant stem when they lay their eggs through the ovipositor. The dragonflies mate in flight. The eggs are deposited in water or close by. The larvae (nymphs or naiads) are generally slender compared to those of other families, with a long and flat extensible lower lip (labia). The larvae are aquatic predators, feeding on other insects and even small fish.
The adults spend large amounts of time in the air and seem to fly tirelessly with their four large and powerful wings. They can fly forwards or backwards or hover like a helicopter. The wings are always extended horizontally.
Their abdomens are long and thin. Most are colored blue and or green, with black and occasionally yellow. Their large hemispherical compound eyes touch in the midline and nearly cover their heads. They have an extremely good sight, and are voracious insect predators, using their sharp, biting mouthparts.
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
This is the Cave Shredder, a powerfull shredding machine used by the Power Miners.
Features:
- The torso can spin in 360 degrees through a gears system.
- The claw open and closes.
- 1-stud (:P) extensible chopper blades, which can spin through a system made using a rubber elastic piece.
I didn't post in Flickr because of the length... =(
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
At 24 weeks, I was in dying need of new t-shirts. I was lucky enough to have "prototypes" of pattern 2805, our latest t-shirt pattern. One pattern, different styles: v neck, jewel neck, overlapped v-neck with decorative buttons (white on white, you can't see them on the picture) and mock turtleneck (the picture was not great so I didn't post it. My favorite sleeve lengths are cap and 3/4 sleeves, but short and long sleeve options are also included in the pattern. I'm still not using my "real measurement" size with very stretchy fabrics. I only went up one size because I didn't want the shoulders to be too big. I lengthened all t-shirts by 2 1/2'' as usual to make sure they cover the pants waistband. 33-week update: still wearing the purple and green tops :)
À 24 semaines, j'avais désespérément besoin de nouveaux t-shirts! J'ai eu la chance de pouvoir tester des prototypes (modifiés bien sûr) du patron 2805 de notre dernière collection. Un patron, plusieurs modèles: encolure ronde, en V, en V boutonnée (boutons blanc sur bande blanche sur la photo) et col cheminée (je n'ai pas de photo de celui-là). Mes longueurs de manche préférées sont le mancheron et la manche trois-quarts (sur les photos), mais les options manche courte et longues sont disponibles sur le patron. Pour tous ces t-shirts, j'ai seulement pris une taille plus grande que ma taille "avant grossesse" pour éviter que ce soit trop grand aux épaules. Tous sont allongés de 6 cm pour m'assurer que ça couvre la bande élastique de mes pantalons de maternité. À 33 semaines: Je porte toujours les t-shirts violet et vert. Le bleu étant moins extensible, il est un peu trop moulant maintenant :)
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
The tundra dining room is sure to enhance anyones appetite. Designed with a focus in functionality, the elements of this dining set achieved the very hard feat of allowing for lots of storage room while keeping elegant contemporary lines. it can adapt to different size rooms and needs due to the flexibility of its extensible table.
The clam worms are very common inhabitants of intertidal and coastal marine habitats. This particular species is found throughout the Western Atlantic, the Gulf Coast, and has been introduced to the Pacific (widespread throughout San Francisco Bay). This particular beastie came from a sediment core as part of a larger project in which we are monitoring the development of ecosystem function in restored salt marshes in coastal Alabama.
Note the HUGE jaws behind the eyes. These chitonous structures are located on an extensible pharynx which is pulled in like an inside-out sock.
10X Magnification
Photo Credit: JoAnn Mitchell
Diamond Extensible Grooving Cutter;
Fraise á Rainer Extensible Diamant PCD
Fresa de Ranurar Extensible Diamante PCD
Sony amazed each person when they stated the Xperia miro and also the surprises maintain coming – the business also revealed the entry-level ICS droids called Sony Xperia tipo as well as tipo dual. Just what’s different concerning the Xperia tipo twin is that it’s the company’s 1st dual-SIM gadget.
The Xperia tipo is a compact phone (103 x 57 x THIRTEEN mm, 99.4 g) and presents a 3.2″ HVGA TFT screen with scratch-resistant mineral glass. It might run Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich at launch, as well as is powered by an 800MHz processor chip (Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM7225AA chipset).
The phone has the basics – a 3.2 MP video camera, 2.9 GB of integral memory (extensible by a microSD card), 3.5 mm audio jack, microUSB slot and a 1500mAh electric battery. On the connection edge, there’s HSPA-enabled 3G, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and GPS.
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During this session, Mr. Martin, a Subversion committer since 2002, will discuss major enhancements to Subversion’s working copy library, including centralized metadata storage and improved extensibility that will lay the foundation for offline commits, shelving and other capabilities normally associated with distributed version control systems such as Git and Mercurial.
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
NASA satellites capture hourly views of our sun that are then used by scientists to study solar phenomena. The Space Weather Viewer provides the same images to anyone with an Internet connection. Visitors to the Space Weather Viewer site can zoom in on current satellite images to see solar storms and sunspots and other activity on as it happens on our nearest star, the Sun.
In addition to near-real time images, the site provides illustrations, NASA mission info, video simulations, and scientist interviews to give visitors a range of information on the Sun and solar phenomena. All the videos are broadcast-quality and visitors can download copies of all the media to their local computers, as well as captions for each video.
The application scales the satellite images to fill the browser window. All of the menu items and controls can be hidden to further maximize the size of the images. The minimalist design deliberately fades into the background to allow visitors to focus their attention on the beautiful imagery that composes the interactive.
The Space Weather Viewer was developed using Adobe Flex. This open source platform allowed us to quickly create the interface. The zoom feature and captioning feature were custom coded. All of the content on the site is external to application. The extensible markup language (XML) was used for descriptive text files and menus.
Developed by Ideum with NASA. To learn more about this exhibit please visit our portfolio.
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera (/kaɪˈrɒptərə/; from the Greek χείρ - cheir, "hand" and πτερόν - pteron, "wing") whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, can only glide for short distances. Bats do not flap their entire forelimbs, as birds do, but instead flap their spread-out digits, which are very long and covered with a thin membrane or patagium.
Bats are the second largest order of mammals (after the rodents), representing about 20% of all classified mammal species worldwide, with about 1,240 bat species divided into two suborders: the less specialized and largely fruit-eating megabats, or flying foxes, and the highly specialized and echolocating microbats. About 70% of bat species are insectivores. Most of the rest are frugivores, or fruit eaters. A few species, such as the fish-eating bat, feed from animals other than insects, with the vampire bats being hematophagous, or feeding on blood.
Bats are present throughout most of the world, with the exception of extremely cold regions. They perform vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds; many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds. Bats are economically important, as they consume insect pests, reducing the need for pesticides. The smallest bat is the Kitti's hog-nosed bat, measuring 29–34 mm in length, 15 cm across the wings and 2–2.6 g in mass. It is also arguably the smallest extant species of mammal, with the Etruscan shrew being the other contender. The largest species of bat are a few species of Pteropus (fruit bats or flying foxes) and the giant golden-crowned flying fox with a weight up to 1.6 kg and wingspan up to 1.7 m.
CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION
Bats are mammals. In many languages, the word for "bat" is cognate with the word for "mouse": for example, chauve-souris ("bald-mouse") in French, murciélago ("blind mouse") in Spanish, saguzahar ("old mouse") in Basque, летучая мышь ("flying mouse") in Russian, slijepi miš ("blind mouse") in Bosnian, nahkhiir ("leather mouse") in Estonian, vlermuis (winged mouse) in Afrikaans, from the Dutch word vleermuis (from Middle Dutch "winged mouse"). An older English name for bats is flittermouse, which matches their name in other Germanic languages (for example German Fledermaus and Swedish fladdermus). Bats were formerly thought to have been most closely related to the flying lemurs, treeshrews, and primates, but recent molecular cladistics research indicates that they actually belong to Laurasiatheria, a diverse group also containing Carnivora and Artiodactyla.
The two traditionally recognized suborders of bats are:
- Megachiroptera (megabats)
- Microchiroptera (microbats/echolocating bats)
Not all megabats are larger than microbats. The major distinctions between the two suborders are:
- Microbats use echolocation; with the exception of the Rousettus genus, megabats do not.
- Microbats lack the claw at the second finger of the forelimb.
- The ears of microbats do not close to form a ring; the edges are separated from each other at the base of the ear.
- Microbats lack underfur; they are either naked or have guard hairs.
Megabats eat fruit, nectar, or pollen. Most microbats eat insects; others may feed on fruit, nectar, pollen, fish, frogs, small mammals, or the blood of animals. Megabats have well-developed visual cortices and show good visual acuity, while microbats rely on echolocation for navigation and finding prey.
The phylogenetic relationships of the different groups of bats have been the subject of much debate. The traditional subdivision between Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera reflects the view that these groups of bats have evolved independently of each other for a long time, from a common ancestor already capable of flight. This hypothesis recognized differences between microbats and megabats and acknowledged that flight has only evolved once in mammals. Most molecular biological evidence supports the view that bats form a single or monophyletic group.
Researchers have proposed alternative views of chiropteran phylogeny and classification, but more research is needed.
In the 1980s, a hypothesis based on morphological evidence was offered that stated the Megachiroptera evolved flight separately from the Microchiroptera. The so-called flying primates theory proposes that, when adaptations to flight are removed, the Megachiroptera are allied to primates by anatomical features not shared with Microchiroptera. One example is that the brains of megabats show a number of advanced characteristics that link them to primates. Although recent genetic studies strongly support the monophyly of bats, debate continues as to the meaning of available genetic and morphological evidence.
Genetic evidence indicates that megabats originated during the early Eocene and should be placed within the four major lines of microbats.
Consequently, two new suborders based on molecular data have been proposed. The new suborder of Yinpterochiroptera includes the Pteropodidae, or megabat family, as well as the Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Craseonycteridae, Megadermatidae, and Rhinopomatidae families The other new suborder, Yangochiroptera, includes all of the remaining families of bats (all of which use laryngeal echolocation). These two new suborders are strongly supported by statistical tests. Teeling (2005) found 100% bootstrap support in all maximum likelihood analyses for the division of Chiroptera into these two modified suborders. This conclusion is further supported by a 15-base-pair deletion in BRCA1 and a seven-base-pair deletion in PLCB4 present in all Yangochiroptera and absent in all Yinpterochiroptera. Perhaps most convincingly, a phylogenomic study by Tsagkogeorga et al (2013) showed that the two new proposed suborders were supported by analyses of thousands of genes.
The chiropteran phylogeny based on molecular evidence is controversial because microbat paraphyly implies that one of two seemingly unlikely hypotheses occurred. The first suggests that laryngeal echolocation evolved twice in Chiroptera, once in Yangochiroptera and once in the rhinolophoids. The second proposes that laryngeal echolocation had a single origin in Chiroptera, was subsequently lost in the family Pteropodidae (all megabats), and later evolved as a system of tongue-clicking in the genus Rousettus.
Analyses of the sequence of the "vocalization" gene, FoxP2, were inconclusive as to whether laryngeal echolocation was secondarily lost in the pteropodids or independently gained in the echolocating lineages. However, analyses of the "hearing" gene, Prestin seemed to favor the independent gain in echolocating species rather than a secondary loss in the pteropodids.
In addition to Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, the names Pteropodiformes and Vespertilioniformes have also been proposed for these suborders. Under this new proposed nomenclature, the suborder Pteropodiformes includes all extant bat families more closely related to the genus Pteropus than the genus Vespertilio, while the suborder Vespertilioniformes includes all extant bat families more closely related to the genus Vespertilio than to the genus Pteropus.
Little fossil evidence is available to help map the evolution of bats, since their small, delicate skeletons do not fossilize very well. However, a Late Cretaceous tooth from South America resembles that of an early microchiropteran bat. Most of the oldest known, definitely identified bat fossils were already very similar to modern microbats. These fossils, Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris, Palaeochiropteryx and Hassianycteris, are from the early Eocene period, 52.5 million years ago. Archaeopteropus, formerly classified as the earliest known megachiropteran, is now classified as a microchiropteran.
Bats were formerly grouped in the superorder Archonta, along with the treeshrews (Scandentia), colugos (Dermoptera), and the primates, because of the apparent similarities between Megachiroptera and such mammals. Genetic studies have now placed bats in the superorder Laurasiatheria, along with carnivorans, pangolins, odd-toed ungulates, even-toed ungulates, and cetaceans. A recent study by Zhang et al. places Chiroptera as a sister taxon to the clade Perissodactyla (which includes horses and other odd-toed ungulates). However, the first phylogenomic analysis of bats shows that they are not sisters to Perissodactyla, instead they are sisters to a larger group that includes ungulates and carnivores.
Megabats primarily eat fruit or nectar. In New Guinea, they are likely to have evolved for some time in the absence of microbats, which has resulted in some smaller megabats of the genus Nyctimene becoming (partly) insectivorous to fill the vacant microbat ecological niche. Furthermore, some evidence indicates that the fruit bat genus Pteralopex from the Solomon Islands, and its close relative Mirimiri from Fiji, have evolved to fill some niches that were open because there are no nonvolant or nonflying mammals on those islands.
FOSSIL BATS
Fossilized remains of bats are few, as they are terrestrial and light-boned. Only an estimated 12% of the bat fossil record is complete at the genus level. Fossil remains of an Eocene bat, Icaronycteris, were found in 1960. Another Eocene bat, Onychonycteris finneyi, was found in the 52-million-year-old Green River Formation in Wyoming, United States, in 2003. This intermediate fossil has helped to resolve a long-standing disagreement regarding whether flight or echolocation developed first in bats. The shape of the rib cage, faceted infraspious fossa of the scapula, manus morphology, robust clavicle, and keeled sternum all indicated Onychonycteris was capable of powered flight. However, the well-preserved skeleton showed that the small cochlea of the inner ear did not have the morphology necessary to echolocate. O. finneyi lacked an enlarged orbical apophysis on the malleus, and a stylohyal element with an expanded paddle-like cranial tip - both of which are characteristics linked to echolocation in other prehistoric and extant bat species. Because of these absences, and the presence of characteristics necessary for flight, Onychonycteris provides strong support for the “flight first” hypothesis in the evolution of flight and echolocation in bats.
The appearance and flight movement of bats 52.5 million years ago were different from those of bats today. Onychonycteris had claws on all five of its fingers, whereas modern bats have at most two claws appearing on two digits of each hand. It also had longer hind legs and shorter forearms, similar to climbing mammals that hang under branches such as sloths and gibbons. This palm-sized bat had short, broad wings, suggesting it could not fly as fast or as far as later bat species. Instead of flapping its wings continuously while flying, Onychonycteris likely alternated between flaps and glides while in the air. Such physical characteristics suggest that this bat did not fly as much as modern bats do, rather flying from tree to tree and spending most of its waking day climbing or hanging on the branches of trees. The distinctive features noted on the Onychonycteris fossil also support the claim that mammalian flight most likely evolved in arboreal gliders, rather than terrestrial runners. This model of flight development, commonly known as the "trees-down" theory, implies that bats attained powered flight by taking advantage of height and gravity, rather than relying on running speeds fast enough for a ground-level take off.
The mid-Eocene genus Necromantis is one of the earliest examples of bats specialised to hunt vertebrate prey, as well as one of the largest bats of its epoch.
HABITATS
Flight has enabled bats to become one of the most widely distributed groups of mammals. Apart from the Arctic, the Antarctic and a few isolated oceanic islands, bats exist all over the world. Bats are found in almost every habitat available on Earth. Different species select different habitats during different seasons, ranging from seasides to mountains and even deserts, but bat habitats have two basic requirements: roosts, where they spend the day or hibernate, and places for foraging. Most temperate species additionally need a relatively warm hibernation shelter. Bat roosts can be found in hollows, crevices, foliage, and even human-made structures, and include "tents" the bats construct by biting leaves.
The United States is home to an estimated 45 to 48 species of bats. The three most common species are Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat), Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), and Tadarida brasiliensis (Mexican free-tailed bat). The little and the big brown bats are common throughout the northern two-thirds of the country, while the Mexican free-tailed bat is the most common species in the southwest, sometimes even appearing in portions of the Southeast.
ANATOMY
WINGS
The finger bones of bats are much more flexible than those of other mammals, owing to their flattened cross-section and to low levels of minerals, such as calcium, near their tips. In 2006, Sears et al. published a study that traces the elongation of manual bat digits, a key feature required for wing development, to the upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps). During embryonic development, the gene controlling Bmp signaling, Bmp2, is subjected to increased expression in bat forelimbs - resulting in the extension of the offspring's manual digits. This crucial genetic alteration helps create the specialized limbs required for volant locomotion. Sears et al. (2006) also studied the relative proportion of bat forelimb digits from several extant species and compared these with a fossil of Lcaronycteris index, an early extinct species from approximately 50 million years ago. The study found no significant differences in relative digit proportion, suggesting that bat wing morphology has been conserved for over 50 million years.The wings of bats are much thinner and consist of more bones than the wings of birds, allowing bats to maneuver more accurately than the latter, and fly with more lift and less drag. By folding the wings in toward their bodies on the upstroke, they save 35 percent energy during flight. The membranes are also delicate, ripping easily; however, the tissue of the bat's membrane is able to regrow, such that small tears can heal quickly. The surface of their wings is equipped with touch-sensitive receptors on small bumps called Merkel cells, also found on human fingertips. These sensitive areas are different in bats, as each bump has a tiny hair in the center, making it even more sensitive and allowing the bat to detect and collect information about the air flowing over its wings, and to fly more efficiently by changing the shape of its wings in response. An additional kind of receptor cell is found in the wing membrane of species that use their wings to catch prey. This receptor cell is sensitive to the stretching of the membrane. The cells are concentrated in areas of the membrane where insects hit the wings when the bats capture them.
OTHER
The teeth of microbats resemble insectivorans. They are very sharp to bite through the hardened armor of insects or the skin of fruit.
Mammals have one-way valves in their veins to prevent the blood from flowing backwards, but bats also have one-way valves in their arteries.
The tube-lipped nectar bat (Anoura fistulata) has the longest tongue of any mammal relative to its body size. This is beneficial to them in terms of pollination and feeding. Their long, narrow tongues can reach deep into the long cup shape of some flowers. When the tongue retracts, it coils up inside its rib cage.
Bats possess highly adapted lung systems to cope with the pressures of powered-flight. Flight is an energetically taxing aerobic activity and requires large amounts of oxygen to be sustained. In bats, the relative alveolar surface area and pulmonary capillary blood volume are significantly larger than most other small quadrupedal mammals.
ECHOLOCATION
Bat echolocation is a perceptual system where ultrasonic sounds are emitted specifically to produce echoes. By comparing the outgoing pulse with the returning echoes, the brain and auditory nervous system can produce detailed images of the bat's surroundings. This allows bats to detect, localize, and even classify their prey in complete darkness. At 130 decibels in intensity, bat calls are some of the most intense, airborne animal sounds.
To clearly distinguish returning information, bats must be able to separate their calls from the echoes that they receive. Microbats use two distinct approaches.
Low duty cycle echolocation: Bats can separate their calls and returning echoes by time. Bats that use this approach time their short calls to finish before echoes return. This is important because these bats contract their middle ear muscles when emitting a call, so they can avoid deafening themselves. The time interval between the call and echo allows them to relax these muscles, so they can clearly hear the returning echo. The delay of the returning echoes provides the bat with the ability to estimate the range to their prey.
High duty cycle echolocation: Bats emit a continuous call and separate pulse and echo in frequency. The ears of these bats are sharply tuned to a specific frequency range. They emit calls outside of this range to avoid self-deafening. They then receive echoes back at the finely tuned frequency range by taking advantage of the Doppler shift of their motion in flight. The Doppler shift of the returning echoes yields information relating to the motion and location of the bat's prey. These bats must deal with changes in the Doppler shift due to changes in their flight speed. They have adapted to change their pulse emission frequency in relation to their flight speed so echoes still return in the optimal hearing range.
The new Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera classification of bats, supported by molecular evidence, suggests two possibilities for the evolution of echolocation. It may have been gained once in a common ancestor of all bats and was then subsequently lost in the Old World fruit bats, only to be regained in the horseshoe bats, or echolocation evolved independently in both the Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera lineages.
Two groups of moths exploit a bat sense to echolocate: tiger moths produce ultrasonic signals to warn the bats that they (the moths) are chemically protected or aposematic, other moth species produce signals to jam bat echolocation. Many moth species have a hearing organ called a tympanum, which responds to an incoming bat signal by causing the moth's flight muscles to twitch erratically, sending the moth into random evasive maneuvers.
In addition to echolocating prey, bat ears are sensitive to the fluttering of moth wings, the sounds produced by tymbalate insects, and the movement of ground-dwelling prey, such as centipedes, earwigs, etc. The complex geometry of ridges on the inner surface of bat ears helps to sharply focus not only echolocation signals, but also to passively listen for any other sound produced by the prey. These ridges can be regarded as the acoustic equivalent of a Fresnel lens, and may be seen in a large variety of unrelated animals, such as the aye-aye, lesser galago, bat-eared fox, mouse lemur, and others.
By repeated scanning, bats can mentally construct an accurate image of the environment in which they are moving and of their prey item.
OTHER SENSES
Although the eyes of most microbat species are small and poorly developed, leading to poor visual acuity, no species is blind. Microbats use vision to navigate, especially for long distances when beyond the range of echolocation, and species that are gleaners - that is, ones that attempt to swoop down from above to ambush tasty insects like crickets on the ground or moths up a tree - often have eyesight about as good as a rat's. Some species have been shown to be able to detect ultraviolet light, and most cave dwelling species have developed the ability to utilize very dim light. They also have high-quality senses of smell and hearing. Bats hunt at night, reducing competition with birds, minimizing contact with certain predators, and travel large distances (up to 800 km) in their search for food. Megabat species often have excellent eyesight as good as, if not better than, human vision; they need this for the warm climates they live in and the very social world they occupy, where relations and friends need to be distinguished from other bats in the colony. This eyesight is, unlike its microbat relations, adapted to both night and daylight vision and enables the bat to have some colour vision whereas the microbat sees in blurred shades of grey.
BEHAVIOUR
Most microbats are nocturnal and are active at twilight. A large portion of bats migrate hundreds of kilometres to winter hibernation dens, while some pass into torpor in cold weather, rousing and feeding when warm weather allows for insects to be active. Others retreat to caves for winter and hibernate for six months. Bats rarely fly in rain, as the rain interferes with their echolocation, and they are unable to locate their food.
The social structure of bats varies, with some leading solitary lives and others living in caves colonized by more than a million bats. The fission-fusion social structure is seen among several species of bats. The term "fusion" refers to a large numbers of bats that congregate in one roosting area, and "fission" refers to breaking up and the mixing of subgroups, with individual bats switching roosts with others and often ending up in different trees and with different roostmates.
Studies also show that bats make all kinds of sounds to communicate with others. Scientists in the field have listened to bats and have been able to associate certain sounds with certain behaviours that bats make after the sounds are made.
Insectivores make up 70% of bat species and locate their prey by means of echolocation. Of the remainder, most feed on fruits. Only three species sustain themselves with blood.
Some species even prey on vertebrates. The leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) of Central America and South America, and the two bulldog bat (Noctilionidae) species feed on fish. At least two species of bat are known to feed on other bats: the spectral bat, also known as the American false vampire bat, and the ghost bat of Australia. One species, the greater noctule bat, catches and eats small birds in the air.
Predators of bats include bat hawks, bat falcons and even spiders.
REPRODUCTION
Most bats have a breeding season, which is in the spring for species living in a temperate climate. Bats may have one to three litters in a season, depending on the species and on environmental conditions, such as the availability of food and roost sites. Females generally have one offspring at a time, which could be a result of the mother's need to fly to feed while pregnant. Female bats nurse their young until they are nearly adult size, because a young bat cannot forage on its own until its wings are fully developed.
Female bats use a variety of strategies to control the timing of pregnancy and the birth of young, to make delivery coincide with maximum food ability and other ecological factors. Females of some species have delayed fertilization, in which sperm is stored in the reproductive tract for several months after mating. In many such cases, mating occurs in the fall, and fertilization does not occur until the following spring. Other species exhibit delayed implantation, in which the egg is fertilized after mating, but remains free in the reproductive tract until external conditions become favorable for giving birth and caring for the offspring.
In yet another strategy, fertilization and implantation both occur, but development of the fetus is delayed until favorable conditions prevail, during the delayed development the mother still gives the fertilized egg nutrients, and oxygenated blood to keep it alive. However, this process can go for a long period of time, because of the advanced gas exchange system. All of these adaptations result in the pup being born during a time of high local production of fruit or insects.
At birth, the wings are too small to be used for flight. Young microbats become independent at the age of six to eight weeks, while megabats do not until they are four months old.
LIFE EXPECTANCY
A single bat can live over 20 years, but bat population growth is limited by the slow birth rate.
HUNTING, FEEDING AND DRINKING
Newborn bats rely on the milk from their mothers. When they are a few weeks old, bats are expected to fly and hunt on their own. It is up to them to find and catch their prey, along with satisfying their thirst.
HUNTING
Most bats are nocturnal creatures. Their daylight hours are spent grooming and sleeping; they hunt during the night. The means by which bats navigate while finding and catching their prey in the dark was unknown until the 1790s, when Lazzaro Spallanzani conducted a series of experiments on a group of blind bats. These bats were placed in a room in total darkness, with silk threads strung across the room. Even then, the bats were able to navigate their way through the room. Spallanzani concluded the bats were not using their eyes to fly through complete darkness, but something else.
Spallanzani decided the bats were able to catch and find their prey through the use of their ears. To prove this theory, Spallanzani plugged the ears of the bats in his experiment. To his pleasure, he found that the bats with plugged ears were not able to fly with the same amount of skill and precision as they were able to without their ears plugged. Unfortunately for Spallanzani, the twin concepts of sound waves and acoustics would not be understood for another century and he could not explain why specifically the bats were crashing into walls and the threads that he'd strung up around the room, and because of the methodology Spallanzani used, many of his test subjects died.
It was thus well known through the nineteenth century that the chiropteran ability to navigate had something to do with hearing, but how they accomplish this was not proven conclusively until the 1930s, by Donald R. Griffin, a biology student at Harvard University. Using a locally native species, the little brown bat, he discovered that bats use echolocation to locate and catch their prey. When bats fly, they produce a constant stream of high-pitched sounds. When the sound waves produced by these sounds hit an insect or other animal, the echoes bounce back to the bat, and guide them to the source.
FEEDING AND DIET
The majority of food consumed by bats includes insects, fruits and flower nectar, vertebrates and blood. Almost three-fourths of the world's bats are insect eaters. Bats consume both aerial and ground-dwelling insects. Each bat is typically able to consume one-third of its body weight in insects each night, and several hundred insects in a few hours. This means that a group of a thousand bats could eat four tons of insects each year. If bats were to become extinct, it has been calculated that the insect population would reach an alarmingly high number.
VITAMIN C
In a test of 34 bat species from six major families of bats, including major insect- and fruit-eating bat families, all were found to have lost the ability to synthesize vitamin C, and this loss may derive from a common bat ancestor, as a single mutation. However, recent results show that there are at least two species of bat, the frugivorous bat (Rousettus leschenaultii) and insectivorous bat (Hipposideros armiger), that have retained their ability to produce vitamin C. In fact, the whole Chiroptera are in the process of losing the ability to synthesize Vc which most of them have already lost.
AERIAL INSECTIVORES
Watching a bat catch and eat an insect is difficult. The action is so fast that all one sees is a bat rapidly change directions, and continue on its way. Scientist Frederick A. Webster discovered how bats catch their prey. In 1960, Webster developed a high-speed camera that was able to take one thousand pictures per second. These photos revealed the fast and precise way in which bats catch insects. Occasionally, a bat will catch an insect in mid-air with its mouth, and eat it in the air. However, more often than not, a bat will use its tail membrane or wings to scoop up the insect and trap it in a sort of "bug net". Then, the bat will take the insect back to its roost. There, the bat will proceed to eat said insect, often using its tail membrane as a kind of napkin, to prevent its meal from falling to the ground. One common insect prey is Helicoverpa zea, a moth that causes major agricultural damage.
FORAGE GLEANERS
These bats typically fly down and grasp their prey off the ground with their teeth, and take it to a nearby perch to eat it. Generally, these bats do not use echolocation to locate their prey. Instead, they rely on the sounds produced by the insects. Some make unique sounds, and almost all make some noise while moving through the environment.
FRUITS AND FLOWER NECTAR
Fruit eating, or frugivory, is a specific habit found in two families of bats. Megachiropterans and microchiropterans both include species of bat that feed on fruits. These bats feed on the juices of sweet fruits, and fulfill the needs of some seeds to be dispersed. The fruits preferred by most fruit-eating bats are fleshy and sweet, but not particularly strong smelling or colorful. To get the juice of these fruits, bats pull the fruit off the trees with their teeth, and fly back to their roosts with the fruit in their mouths. There, the bats will consume the fruit in a specific way. To do this, the bats crush open the fruit and eat the parts that satisfy their hunger. The remainder of the fruit, the seeds and pulp, are spat onto the ground. These seeds take root and begin to grow into new fruit trees. Over 150 types of plants depend on bats in order to reproduce.Some bats prefer the nectar of flowers to insects or other animals. These bats have evolved specifically for this purpose. For example, these bats possess long muzzles and long, extensible tongues covered in fine bristles that aid them in feeding on particular flowers and plants.[68] When they sip the nectar from these flowers, pollen gets stuck to their fur, and is dusted off when the bats take flight, thus pollinating the plants below them. The rainforest is said to be the most benefitted of all the biomes where bats live, because of the large variety of appealing plants. Because of their specific eating habits, nectar-feeding bats are more prone to extinction than any other type of bat. However, bats benefit from eating fruits and nectar just as much as from eating insects.
VERTEBRATES
A small group of carnivorous bats feed on other vertebrates and are considered the top carnivores of the bat world. These bats typically eat a variety of animals, but normally consume frogs, lizards, birds, and sometimes other bats. For example, one vertebrate predator, Trachops cirrhosus, is particularly skilled at catching frogs. These bats locate large groups of frogs by distinguishing their mating calls from other sounds around them. They follow the sounds to the source and pluck them from the surface of the water with their sharp canine teeth. Another example is the greater noctule bat, which is believed to catch birds on the wing.
Also, several species of bat feed on fish. These types of bats are found on almost all continents. They use echolocation to detect tiny ripples in the water's surface to locate fish. From there, the bats swoop down low, inches from the water, and use specially enlarged claws on their hind feet to grab the fish out of the water. The bats then take the fish to a feeding roost and consume the animal.
BLOOD
A few species of bats exclusively consume blood as their diet. This type of diet is referred to as hematophagy, and three species of bats exhibit this behavior. These species are the common, the white-winged, and the hairy-legged vampire bats. The common vampire bat typically consumes the blood of mammals, while the hairy-legged and white-winged vampires feed on the blood of birds. These species live only in Mexico, Central, and South America, with a presence also on the Island of Trinidad.
DEFECATION
Bat dung, or guano, is so rich in nutrients that it is mined from caves, bagged, and used by farmers to fertilize their crops. During the U.S. Civil War, guano was used to make gunpowder.
To survive hibernation months, some species build up large reserves of body fat, both as fuel and as insulation.
DRINKING
In 1960, Frederic A. Webster discovered bats' method of drinking water using a high-speed camera and flashgun that could take 1,000 photos per second. Webster's camera captured a bat skimming the surface of a body of water, and lowering its jaw to get just one drop of water. It then skimmed again to get a second drop of water, and so on, until it has had its fill. A bat's precision and control during flight is very fine, and it almost never misses. Other bats, such as the flying fox or fruit bat, gently skim the water's surface, then land nearby to lick water from chest fur.
WIKIPEDIA
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
La tradicional mesa redonda de cocina adaptada a los nuevos tiempos. Base metálica con opciones en epoxi aluminio, blanco o negro y cromado. Dos alturas, una de mesa y otra de barra, con encimera de diámetro 90 para la primera y 80 para la segunda.
The warty frogfish grows up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Like other members of its family, it has a globulous, extensible body, and its soft skin is covered with small dermal spinules. The skin is covered with numerous small, wart-like protuberances. Its large prognathous mouth allows it to consume prey its same size. The coloring of its body is extremely variable because it tends to match its living environment.
Frogfishes have the capacity to change coloration and pigment pattern in a few weeks : during coral bleaching events, they can even turn to plain white to blend in with the environment.[1] However, the dominant coloration goes from white to black, passing through a whole range of related nuances such as cream, pink, yellow, red, and brown, often with dark, circular spots and/or with saddles. Some heavily spotted specimens can easily be confused with its closed relative Antennarius pictus. This characteristic can help to separate them: usually, A. maculatus has red or orange margins on all fins and sometimes a spike of the saddle blotch starts posterior to the eye.
Dauin, Dumaguete, Philippines.
The clam worms are very common inhabitants of intertidal and coastal marine habitats. This particular beastie came from a sediment core as part of a larger project in which we are monitoring the development of ecosystem function in restored salt marshes in coastal Alabama.
Note the HUGE jaws behind the eyes. These chitonous structures are located on an extensible pharynx which is pulled in like an inside-out sock.
4X Magnification
Photo Credit: JoAnn Mitchell
Referneces
"Project #76: The Long-Reach Gizmo"
bkids.typepad.com/bookhoucraftprojects/2011/02/project-76...
"Striking Snake"
www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/snake.html
"Sketch like a Pro with a simple pantograph"
sketchme.org/how-to-draw/sketch-like-a-pro/
"How to Make Golden Ratio Dividers out of Paper"
cutoutfoldup.com/projects/308-golden-ratio-dividers
Shown in photo
Forster Craft Spoons 3 5/3"
Loew Cornell Woodsies Craft Sticks (Popsicle Sticks) 4 1/2" x 3/8" x 1/12"
Brass Fasteners (aka split pins, brads, or paper fasteners)
I made 1/8" holes in craft sticks with We R Memory Keepers Crop-A-Dile II Big Bite Punch.
The tundra dining room is sure to enhance anyones appetite. Designed with a focus in functionality, the elements of this dining set achieved the very hard feat of allowing for lots of storage room while keeping elegant contemporary lines. it can adapt to different size rooms and needs due to the flexibility of its extensible table.
.....Aardvark
The Aardvark, (Orycteropus afer) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa
Aardvarks are incredible diggers, so well equipped with powerful spoon shaped claws they can dig a hole faster than several men with shovels. They are elusive, nocturnal, pig-like creatures, widely distributed in sub-saharan Africa, and that live on a diet of ants and termites. They have long extensible tongues and flexible tubular snouts - perfect tools for sucking up over 50,000 insects in one sitting, which they then swallow whole.
Common names:
Antbear,
Anteater,
Cape anteater,
Earth hog,
Earth pig
"... Then I thought back to a moment, on Wednesday, when Twitter was carrying the instant news of Steve Jobs's leave of absence. At the exact same moment, came news of the death of Ricardo Montalban. ..."
There was an article on RWW making the observation that Google has missed the Real Time Web. [0] I saw this effect as the "Job's" story first hit Twitter, then Friendfeed where I read the first comments. So I quickly switched to "Google News" to see if the story had hit the Newswire. It had not. I reckon about 8-10 minutes passed before "Google News" picked up the first (unconfirmed) CNN reports. It took about an hour before Apple showed the email on their PR site.
The implications?
Friendfeed is linked to Twitter via XMPP [0] The first twitter post was from people who reached out for the most accessible medium to make their observations, Twitter. Friendfeed only showed those posts because it has (exclusive) access to Twitter via XMPP. And it was these comments I first read... almost real time. The time between the Twitter posts to Google picking up the first news wires is about 5-10m, probably less.
Twitter is to Google what TV is to Newspapers. [2]
some time later...
"... While I wouldn't say TV is by nature the bastion of unconfirmed and unreliable news, I take your point. More important, however, is the orginating source of the news. (something newspapers typically disclose but TV does not). ..."
Good points.
With online news sources you can (sort-of) evaluate the reliability of the source. Is "Dave from Scripting News reporting on the elections" more reliable than say "Kent Brockman reporting on Krusty getting busted". [3] Or is "Anonymous Coward reporting on Foo" the most reliable? The problems of identity and authenticity collide when the reporter "can" be anonymous.
"... If I see a report that's identified as a Reuters report, I'm very like going to give it more credence than the identical report without the source identification that appears elsewhere. ..."
I don't.
There has been a marked reduction in the quality of reporting, analysis of events trailing the decline of news as revenue source. Period. While there are still credible news organisations, The New York Times, [1] BBC, The Post, to name but a few. I find myself now always look for the criticism or the contrary responses of reported news before I evaluate what is reported as being true. Sources can only indicate reliability.
"... the thinning of the newspapers ranks inevitably means a thinning of producers of news for online sources to use and point to. This includes news agencies. ..."
This is a problem. We can no longer assume there is going to be the same quality of reporting I remember from the Woodward & Bernstein era. [5]
Reference
[0] Bernard Lunn, ReadWriteWeb, "Sorry Google, You Missed the Real-Time Web!",
www.readwriteweb.com/archives/sorry_google_you_missed_the...
[Friday 16th, January 2009]
[1] XMMP, "Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is an open technology for real-time communication"
[Tuesday 19th, January 2009]
[2] Meaning if you hear something on Twitter it's unconfirmed, unreliable and by the time the news is confirmed it will be written up on the newswire and indexed by Google.
[3] "Kent Brockman from Ch6, Springfield News", en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Brockman
[4] Read how I got a confirmation of Google effectively paying a placement of an New York Times story about working for Google ~ www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/1685662827/
[5] "Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein from the Washington Post reporting on Watergate" ~ www.heroism.org/class/1970/wood.html
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Taburete de bar con sistema hidraúlico de elevación. Ideal para combinarlo con barras de bar o penínsulas . Las pletinas cromadas que unen asiento y respaldo le confiere mucha personalidad, a la vez que lo convierte en una pieza muy cómoda.
NASA satellites capture hourly views of our sun that are then used by scientists to study solar phenomena. The Space Weather Viewer provides the same images to anyone with an Internet connection. Visitors to the Space Weather Viewer site can zoom in on current satellite images to see solar storms and sunspots and other activity on as it happens on our nearest star, the Sun.
In addition to near-real time images, the site provides illustrations, NASA mission info, video simulations, and scientist interviews to give visitors a range of information on the Sun and solar phenomena. All the videos are broadcast-quality and visitors can download copies of all the media to their local computers, as well as captions for each video.
The application scales the satellite images to fill the browser window. All of the menu items and controls can be hidden to further maximize the size of the images. The minimalist design deliberately fades into the background to allow visitors to focus their attention on the beautiful imagery that composes the interactive.
The Space Weather Viewer was developed using Adobe Flex. This open source platform allowed us to quickly create the interface. The zoom feature and captioning feature were custom coded. All of the content on the site is external to application. The extensible markup language (XML) was used for descriptive text files and menus.
Developed by Ideum with NASA. To learn more about this exhibit please visit our portfolio.
Single Fragolina es un mostrador de una gran versatilidad, Está disponible en dos tamaños con capacidad desde una hasta cinco personas, y en dos alturas diferentes, para ser combinado con sillas o con taburetes altos, según cada necesidad.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk was a single seat subsonic carrier-capable attack aircraft developed for the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps in the early 1950s. The delta winged, single turbojet engine Skyhawk was designed and produced by Douglas Aircraft Company, and later by McDonnell Douglas. It was originally designated A4D under the U.S. Navy's pre-1962 designation system. The Skyhawk was a relatively lightweight aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 24,500 pounds (11,100 kg) in its late versions and had a top speed of more than 670 miles per hour (1,080 km/h). Late versions were capable of carrying a bomb load equivalent to that of a World War II-era Boeing B-17 bomber and the aircraft supported a variety of missiles, bombs, and other munitions, including nuclear stores. The type saw an intensive career with the US Navy and the US Marine Corps during the Vietnam War era and was furthermore exported and operated by a wide range of countries all over the world, serving well into the 21st century.
One of the Skyhawk’s minor operators was Spain, specifically the Spanish Navy (Armada). Like the rest of the Spanish armed forces, the Spanish Navy had maintained Franco's policy of neutrality during World War II. Since the mid-20th century the Spanish Navy began a process of reorganization to become once again one of the major navies of the world. This not only included ships and submarines, but also an aerial warfare branch for coastal defense and to support the Infantería de Marina, the Spanish Navy Marines Corps. After the development of the Baleares-class frigates based on the US Navy's Knox class the Spanish Navy embraced the American naval doctrine and started to look for a light modern fighter bomber to equip a land-based attack squadron, with the prospect to eventually obtain an aircraft carrier and use the aircraft from it.
The choice fell in 1960 on the Douglas A-4, which offered a modern, compact and simple airframe with the desired option to operate the aircraft from older, smaller World War II-era aircraft carriers. These were still used by many smaller navies during the 1960s, and the Spanish Navy envisioned the procurement of one of more of these ships as operational basis for the new jet fighter force. These older ships were often unable to accommodate newer Navy fighters such as the F-4 Phantom II and F-8 Crusader, which were faster and more capable than the A-4, but significantly larger, heavier, complex and also costly than older naval fighters.
The Spanish Navy ordered a total of eighteen new Skyhawks from the USA, fourteen single-seaters and four trainers, locally called SA-4. The Armada’s Skyhawk attack variant was based on the A4D-2 (re-designated A-4B after 1962) but had, compared with the original US Navy aircraft, improved flight control systems and navigation, including an AN/APN-141 radar altimeter and a state-of-the-art AN/ASN-19A navigation computer. The trainers were equivalent with the US Navy's contemporary TA-4J variant.
Unlike the original A-4Bs, which lacked a radar and were therefore only suited for daytime operations, the Armada’s SA-4Bs were outfitted with a compact Dassault-built Aida radar unit within the aircraft's more pointed nose, giving them a unique profile among the Skyhawk family. Like the USN A-4Bs, the Spanish machines all had air-to-air refueling capabilities in the form of a fixed refueling probe, even though it was a cranked variant (intruduced on Amercian machines with the contemporary A-4F) to avoid interferences with the Aida radar. The SA-4Bs furthermore had the ability to carry a center-mounted "buddy store", a large external fuel tank with a hose reel in the aft section and an extensible drogue refueling bucket.
Alongside the Aida radar unit, a Swedish-made SAAB bombing computer was added to increase bombing accuracy. Specific to these machines were a TACAN receiver and a braking parachute under the tail for land operations. Internal armament remained the original pair of American 20 mm (0.79 in) Colt Mk 12 cannon with 200 RPG in the wing roots. For the Spanish Navy the SA-4Bs were outfitted with two additional underwing hardpoints and avionics for AIM-9B Sidewinder AAMs, so that they could carry a broader range of ground attack ordnance and operate in a limited aerial defense role, too. The SA-4Bs also had provision for radio-guided AGM-12 Bullpup missiles, which were the Skyhawks’ primary anti-ship weapon at the time. The missile avionics were housed in a shallow dorsal hump while a guidance antenna was mounted in a small bulge in ahead of the front landing gear well, so that the machine did not have to carry a respective external pod that would block a hardpoint.
The Skyhawk’s service in Spain was not long, though. In 1967, the mothballed US American light WWII aircraft carrier USS Cabot was loaned to Spain, becoming Dédalo, and the loan was eventually converted to a sale in 1972. By that time, the SA-4Bs – originally painted all-over dark blue – had been re-painted in a US Navy-style high-visibility scheme in Light Gull Grey over Whit and were operating from land bases only, allocated to 7th Squadron at Rota Naval Base near Cádiz in Andalusia The original plan to operate the SA-4Bs from Dédalo came to nought because the ship turned out to be too small to carry and deploy the Skyhawks properly, and the ship’s wooden deck would not withstand the stress from the modern jets’ frequent aircraft starts and landings. A new all-metal deck was not possible, due to budget and weight issues. In consequence the Armada’s SA-4s remained land-based and the Spanish Navy employed Dédalo as a helicopter-only antisubmarine warfare carrier with the SH-3D Sea King.
Attempts to add a fixed-wing strikeforce to the venerable carrier were made, though: On 8 November 1972 a Hawker Siddeley Harrier was successfully tested on the Dédalo’s deck, a first in the history of the plane. It was decided to order and deploy short-take-off-and-vertical-landing (STOVL) AV-8S Matadors (AV-8A Harrier) when Dédalo was overhauled. Since the Harriers' downdraft on vertical landing would have damaged the wooden deck, protective metal sheathing was installed on the rear area of the flight deck – a very convenient compromise.
Spain's purchase of Harriers was complicated by long-standing political friction between the British and Spanish governments of the era, though, and even though the Harriers were manufactured in the UK they were sold to Spain only with the US acting as an intermediary. The lengthy negotiation process was bridged by the SA-4s as well as a batch of AH-1G Cobra attack helicopters.
The first batch of six AV-8S single seat and two TAV-8S two seat aircraft were delivered to the Armada Española throughout 1976 and started carrier operations. Due to budget limitations and to simplify maintenance and logistics, the Spanish navy decided in 1977 to phase the Skyhawks out in favor of the more versatile Harrier, which could provide both air defense and strike capabilities for the Spanish fleet. A second batch of five AV-8S aircraft, now directly procured from UK mainly to replace losses, was delivered in 1980-. With this delivery the Spanish Skyhawks were retired and sold to Singapore, to be converted and upgraded by Douglas into A-4S-1s and later into A-4SU ‘Super Skyhawks’. With its Harrier fleet completed, Dédalo then typically carried an air group of eight AV-8S fighters, four Sea King antisubmarine warfare helicopters and four AB 212ASW Twin Hueys.
General characteristics:
Crew: one
Length: 41 ft 9 in (12.72 m) overall
40 ft 1.5 in (12.230 m) fuselage only
Wingspan: 26 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
Height: 15 ft (4.57 m)
Wing area: 259 ft² (24.15 m²)
Airfoil: NACA 0008-1.1-25 root, NACA 0005-0.825-50 tip
Empty weight: 9,146 lb (4,152 kg)
Loaded weight: 18,300 lb (8,318 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 24,500 lb (11,136 kg)
Powerplant:
1× Curtiss-Wright J65-W-16A turbojet with 7,700 lbf (34 kN)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 575 kn (661 mph, 1,064 km/h)
Range: 1,700 nmi (2,000 mi, 3,220 km)
Combat radius: 625 nmi, 1,158 km
Service ceiling: 42,250 ft (12,880 m)
Rate of climb: 8,440 ft/min (43 m/s)
Wing loading: 70.7 lb/ft² (344.4 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.51
g-limit: +8/-3 g
Armament:
2× 20 mm (0.79 in) Colt Mk 12 cannon with 200 RPG in the wing roots
5× hardpoints for a total payload of up to 5,000 lbs (2,268 kg)
- 1× Centerline: 3,500 lbs (1.600 kg) capability
- 2× Inboard wing: 2,200 lbs (1.000 kg) capability each
- 2× Outboard wing: 1,000 lbs (454 kg) capability each
[b]The kit and its assembly:[/b]
This simple project was built on short notice after a 1-week extension had been issued for the “Sixties” Group Build at whatifmodellers.com. I had the idea for a Spanish Navy Skyhawk for some time and already stashed away a kit (Airfix, new mould) and a decal sheet from a Special Hobby AH-1 in Spanish markings – but originally planned to assemble it during a “One Week GB”.
However, since the aircraft would fall into the Sixties’ time frame and had nothing else on the work bench I decided to add a final/3rd entry into the GB.
The Airfix A-4B/Q kit goes together nicely, even though the plastic appeared a bit soft and somewhat waxy. It was basically built OOB, using the A-4Q’s small dorsal hump for AGM-12 avionics, and with a modified nose: I transplanted the small conical radome from an IAI Kfir onto the Skyhawk’s nose, what made it IMHO look like a prototype aircraft, added an bulged fairing for the AGM-12’s guidance antenna behind it (the small blade antenna on the front landing gear cover does this job in real life!) for an even different look, and I added scratched ejection trigger handles to the seat. The flaps and the air brakes were, after the photo session, mounted in open/extended position, and the ordnance was changed to a pair of AGM-12A Bullpups on scratched launch rails on the outer underwing pylons (IIRC left over from a Fujimi A-4C kit).
[b]Painting and markings:[/b]
Inspiration came from the small Spanish AH-1G Cobra fleet: I wondered if an naval attack aircraft would have carried the same attractive all-blue livery (probably FS35042, USN Gloss Sea Blue, but in photos the AH-1s appear darker and less greenish)? Therefore, the paint scheme was easily settled, even though I used a darker and rather dull/greyish tone as a basis: Humbrol 112 (Tarmac). The landing gear wells and the air intakes were painted gloss white, while the inside of the flaps and the air brakes became bright red – a stark contrast, but very attractive, together with the bright markings.
The cockpit was painted in medium grey.
After basic painting the kit received a black ink washing and some panel shading, in this case with FS35042, because it would subtly add some plasticity
The markings are a mix of decals from a Special Hobby AH-1, together with wing roundels from an AV-8S Matador and some other small bits. The St. Andrews flag on the fin was improvised with generic decal material – even though it was a bit overdone because no Spanish Navy aircraft carries this marking, only the air force machines – and Spanish P-3As in their early USN-style livery? It is, however, a nice detail, and to make it not too obtrusive I limited the fin flash to the rudder’s tip – even though it still stands out on the all dark blue airframe.
Thin white decal lines were used to create the canopy seals, the red warning markings around the air intakes were created with decals (from the optional Argentinian A-4Q from the Airfix kit, very convenient for a Spanish aircraft) and paint.
The kit was sealed with a coat of semi-gloss acrylic varnish, for a clean and shiny look, and the metallic exhaust and the jet pipe were treated with graphite to make the area look darker and burnt.
A quick build, realized over a weekend, even though, due to the Humbrol 112’s poor quality, the finish did not turn out as clean as I had hoped for. The all-blue livery, together with the red and yellow roundels and the other bold marking, suit the Skyhawk very well, it looks IMHO very attractive in this guise, despite the scheme’s simplicity.
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
2013 FAI Junior European Championships for Free Flight Model Aircraft
Pazardzik (Bulgaria)
07 Jul to 14 Jul 2013
F1A (Gliders) - juniors
F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield) - juniors
F1P (Power Model Aircraft) - juniors
Event classification: Open International - World Cup Event
Disciplines / Task Styles:
- F1A (Gliders)
- F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield)
- F1C (Power Model Aircraft)
- F1Q (Electric Power Model Aircraft)
Photo by Cenny Breeman
Place: St Jean de Sauves (France)
Dates: 29 Jul to 30 Jul 2013
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
This is the Cave Shredder, a powerfull shredding machine used by the Power Miners.
Features:
- The torso can spin in 360 degrees through a gears system.
- The claw open and closes.
- 1-stud (:P) extensible chopper blades, which can spin through a system made using a rubber elastic piece.
I didn't post in Flickr because of the length... =(
Single Viva se compone de dos piezas murales; una mesa abatible y un plafón con baldas, pudiendo ser utilzados de manera conjunta o individualmente. La mesa Viva, en posicion cerrada sobresale unicamente 15 cm pudiendo instalarse en espacios muy estrechos
2022 FAI F1ABP Junior World Championships for Free Flight Model Aircraft
25 Jul - 30 Jul 2022
Pordim, BUL
Maj. Jerry Jones and Capt. Monica Holmes demonstrate the Command Post Computing Environment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, June 5, 2018. CP CE will feature a simplified user experience by combining warfighting functions into a common user interface, reducing the training burden on Soldiers and accelerating the integration of new capabilities. Core CP CE common infrastructure functions will provide chat, a standardized map, message centers and an extensible data model.
2013 FAI Junior European Championships for Free Flight Model Aircraft
Pazardzik (Bulgaria)
07 Jul to 14 Jul 2013
F1A (Gliders) - juniors
F1B (Model Aircraft with Extensible Motors Wakefield) - juniors
F1P (Power Model Aircraft) - juniors
Ensemble d'hiver pour Melody : robe, bonnet, guêtres, plus un collant en résille extensible et une ceinture en ruban satiné.
Le tout entièrement fait main.
Winter set for Melody : dress, cap and warm legs. Plus a fishnet tiny tights for her, and a belt in satin. Everything is handmade by me.
vista de la ropa colgada en al barra extensible
. x4durosdesing.blogspot.com/2008/10/hack-ikea-magiker-como...
Referència: 1440
Adreça:Cal Mestre, c/. Torre Romana (tocant pl. Església).- Nucli les Gunyoles
Municipi: Avinyonet del Penedès
Nucli: Gunyoles, les (Avinyonet del Penedès)
Comarca: Alt Penedès
Autor:
Data:
Tipus: Vertical declinant
Material: Pintura
Descripció: Orientació Sud-Oest. Rectangular. Esborrat. Lat.: 41,3513º 7 Long.: 1,7788º.
Lema: x
www.gnomonica.cat/bd_detall.cfm?numero=1440&&coma...
Casa entre mitgeres i fent cantonada, composta de planta baixa i pis. Superfície de façana dividida en trams per línies motllurades horitzontals i segmentades verticals. El portal és d'arc de mig punt, dovellat, i presenta una inscripció superior. Al primer pis destaquen els balcons, d'un sol portal. Hi ha també una finestra lateral amb marc, ampit i llindes de pedra i una altra inferior amb barana que resulta destacable. El coronament és de terrat amb reixa. Es tracta d'un conjunt d'habitatges de valor tipològic (INVENTARI, 1986: 27). A la façana hi té sobreposat un rellotge de sol que està completament esborrat (MORATÓ I VIA, 1992a).
El conjunt es complementa per les construccions que hi ha ocupant el solar de l'altre costat del carrer, on, per cert hi ha un mil·liari romà, que no ens va ser mostrat.
Observacions: Aquesta casa forma tot un conjunt d'interès arquitectònic de caire netament urbà. Davant la casa hi ha la pallissa, també de valor patrimonial, on es troba un mil·liari romà.
La casa presenta un valor arquitectònic indubtable, que no te sentit sense la valoració de l'entorn urbà. Aquest valor es fa extensible també al subsòl, ja que es molt probable la presència d'elements de vàlua arqueològica, com poden ser sitges, de les quals es coneix per informació oral la seva presència en tota aquesta zona de Les Gunyoles.
També per informació oral se sap que el gruix de molts dels seus murs es potent, per la qual cosa alguns dels seus antics habitants pensaven que devien formar un conjunt amb les restes romanes de la torre que es troba a prop.
patrimonicultural.diba.cat/?fitxa=13000083
Descripció:
Casa entre mitgeres i fent cantonada, composta de planta baixa i pis. Superfície de façana dividida en trams per línies motllurades horitzontals i segmentades verticals. Portal d'arc de mig punt adovellat amb inscripció superior. Balcons d'un sol portal al primer pis. Finestra lateral amb marc, ampit i llindes de pedra. Finestra inferior amb reixa interessant. Coronament amb reixa de terrat.
patmapa.gencat.cat/web/guest/patrimoni/arquitectura?artic...
The tundra dining room is sure to enhance anyones appetite. Designed with a focus in functionality, the elements of this dining set achieved the very hard feat of allowing for lots of storage room while keeping elegant contemporary lines. it can adapt to different size rooms and needs due to the flexibility of its extensible table. This set includes 1 extensible table, 1 cupboard and 1 sideboard, all in high gloss white/ chocolate finishing.